The struggle triggered by the Second Opium War Taiping Army fought against foreign guns.

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Fang Qing:

At this time, Xue Huan, acting governor of Jiangsu Province, was the commander-in-chief of the Qing army guarding Shanghai. There are less than 4000 troops in the whole army, so he lacks defense everywhere. Xue Huan once asked Zhejiang and Jiangbei to send troops to help, but although the Qing court took this as its goal, the reinforcements did not arrive. In addition, many soldiers were defeated and their fighting capacity was very weak. However, there are still many places in southern Jiangsu where guns, ships and Yingyong armed forces are ordered by the Qing court, and they are all under the control of the bachelors and bachelors of the Qing cabinet in Changshu. But in any case, it is absolutely impossible for the Qing side to keep Shanghai on its own.

Different from 1853, Britain, France and other countries have opened up concessions in Shanghai at this time, and a large number of foreign firms and foreigners have gathered. For them, Shanghai is an urgent interest, so they fought against the Qing court in the north, but at the same time they cooperated with the local officials of the Qing court in Shanghai. As early as May 26th, at the request of Xue Huan, Su Songtai, Wu Xu, Shanghai magistrate Liu Yougao, British minister Proust and French minister Boolean Brown even issued a notice saying that they would protect the Shanghai Concession and the county seat by force. The next day, 200 French troops entered Dongjiadu outside the city, while the British troops defended the west of the city and the road leading to Suzhou. At the beginning of June, after learning that Suzhou had fallen, Wu Xu wrote to Meng Douban, commander of the French garrison, hoping that the French army would help defend Jiading, Taicang and Kunshan. However, Britain and France are not willing to give up their "neutral" stance at present. They just want to help defend Shanghai instead of attacking in depth. Elgin, the British ambassador plenipotentiary who arrived in Shanghai at the end of June, and Gro, the French ambassador plenipotentiary, immediately ordered the French army to station 300 people in the Town God Temple in Shanghai to help defend the east and north gates, and sent another 25 people to Xujiahui outside the city to protect the Xujiahui Catholic Church established by China people. There are 900 British troops guarding the west and south gates of Shanghai, and the whole army has more than 65,438+0,200 people, including French navy and army, Royal British Marine Corps and Sikh mercenaries, under the unified command of British officer Cannic. In addition, there are British gunboats "Kestrel", French "Hong Kong" and several gunboats patrolling the Huangpu River. During the period of guarding the city, the military expenditure of Britain and France was raised by Yang Fang, a famous wealthy businessman, director of Siming CCBA and an alternate donor.

Anglo-French Coalition forces discussed Shanghai's defense with Qing officials.

Britain and France, for their own benefit, turned a deaf ear to the friendly expression of Taiping rebels, and even the letters of Wang Gan and Zhong Wang were not allowed to be opened. British consul in Shanghai, Midler, was reprimanded by Pruss, the minister, for reading letters from Zhong Wang, and was eventually transferred from Shanghai. Obviously, the Taiping Army's understanding of British and French policies is quite different from the actual situation.

As early as 1853, Wu rented a foreign private warship temporarily. At this time, the soldiers were surrounded, and Xue Huan and Yang Fang did the same thing again. On June 2nd, Suzhou was occupied by Taiping rebels, and Yang Fang invested and American Wall was responsible for recruiting and organizing a "foreign gun team" composed entirely of foreigners. The team has only 100 people. Most of the officers are sailors and deserters from European and American countries in Shanghai. The soldiers are basically from Manila (that is, the Philippines), with Wall as the team leader and Americans Bai and Farside as the deputy team leaders, stationed in Guangfulin, Songjiang. This mercenary is organized by the West, all equipped with foreign guns and guns, but the number is too small and the discipline is too poor, which cannot fundamentally change the weak situation of Shanghai's urban defense.

In addition, foreigners in the concession also spontaneously organized a "world business group", which was assisted by British and French officers and was only responsible for protecting the concession itself. This militia is composed of young and old armed men, with many nationalities, and only plays a symbolic role.

Yangqiang team

Peripheral warfare:

Shortly after Lu Shunde arrived in Songjiang, he fought and defeated the Huaer foreign guns team. After Huaer fled back to Shanghai, he recruited more than 300 people for training and consolidation, and temporarily lost his fighting capacity.

Liu Shunde reported the news to Zhong Wang, and put forward a plan to take Baoshan first, and then attack Shanghai with Zhong Wang's main force. Zhong Wang agreed, and told him the internal situation of Shanghai, hoping that Liu Shunde would cooperate. So on July 15, Lu led his brigade to the north gate, passed the Shengsheng Bridge in the north of the city to the east, and attempted to attack Baoshan and enter the Sijing and Qibao lines. However, it was stopped by the local militia He Jiang and forced to retreat.

When Lu went out of the city, he didn't close the gate because of underestimating his enemy, and he didn't know that the Tofu Bank near the Huangpu River, not far from the city, was docked with the fleet led by Wu Yun, the magistrate of Suzhou, and Tongyingbao, a standby state. There are still 80 cannons in the nearby rice market, and Wu Yun and others discovered the emptiness in the city. That is, in the evening, with 40 guns as the pioneer and hundreds of amphibious soldiers as the rear team, they sneaked into the south gate of Songjiang, and the defenders were caught off guard and retreated to Qingpu from the north gate.

The losses of land departments in Qibao and other places are not recorded. In the Battle of Songjiang City, Xue Huan, a member of the Qing army, claimed to have killed more than 1,000 Taiping rebels, which was an exaggeration. Before Zhong Wang broke the Jiangnan camp, there were only 20,000 troops in Jiangnan and only 7,000 people in Jiangnan camp. However, Lu Shunde was not the most important department. He always took his troops out before the war. He can't get more surplus to supplement and expand like the main force of loyal king. His family should not exceed two or three thousand people, otherwise it can't be blocked by Qibao's militia. When its main force attacked Baoshan, many families in the city were old, weak and sick, and there was no fighting capacity at all. Moreover, it was absolutely impossible to capture the "thousands of thieves" who were far more than themselves with the thin forces of the Qing army attacking the city. It should be said that Liu Shunde's department suffered little casualties in this battle, so they could quickly rest in Jiading, enter nanxiang town and immediately cooperate with the main force to participate in the attack on Shanghai County.

However, the fall of Songjiang disrupted the original planned battle deployment of Taiping Army. Due to the fall of Songjiang, the attack on Baoshan had to be shelved, and the Taiping Army could only temporarily concentrate its forces on guarding Qingpu and Jiading. What's more, the Qing army accidentally intercepted two letters from Zhongjun to Lu Shunde in the city, thus knowing what should be done in the city, and thus strengthening reconnaissance and vigilance, which had a very serious prognostic impact on the development of the campaign.

This unexpected victory inspired the Qing dynasty, and Wu Xu immediately sent Li Hengsong, a soldier in the war, from Shanghai to Songjiang to attack Qingpu with the Huaer Yangqiang team. Qingpu Shoujiang was originally the ministry of Lai Wang. Because of the king's negative attitude towards attacking Shanghai, Lai's department has been transferred, and the garrison commander will be replaced by the loyal king's department, Zhou Wenjia. At this time, the title of Zhou was Aya Tianyu, ranking fifth among the six lords in the kingdom of heaven. His position is very low and his troops are limited. Therefore, while insisting, he flew to the loyal king in an emergency. The Qing army and the foreign gun team surrounded the city and attacked from both land and water. Zhou Wenjia can't keep the city.

On August 1 day, Zhong Wang learned that Qingpu was in a state of emergency and immediately led a Qingqi to rescue. The next day, Qing soldiers and foreign guns were defeated at the gate of Qingpu City, which lifted the siege of Qingpu City and caused a major earthquake in Shanghai.

In this campaign, there were 100 soldiers from Europe and America, and 200 soldiers from Manila. Li Hengsong was brave and was recorded as "about 1 10,000 soldiers", which was obviously exaggerated. At that time, there were only 4,000-5,000 Qing troops in the whole Shanghai area; As for the Taiping Army, it is estimated that there are only a few hundred people in Zhou Wenjia, and it only takes 1 or 2 days for Zhong Wang to arrive at Qingpu from the time it receives an emergency. As an elite light cavalry, the strength will not be too much. Considering that when attacking Shanghai, there were only "more than 3,000 people" together with Lu Shunde's department, the strength of this light cavalry should be around 3,000 people, but because all of them are elite soldiers, their combat effectiveness should be very strong. According to Zhong Wang, the losses suffered by the Qing side are obviously untrue. According to Zhong Wang's report, "six or seven hundred foreign soldiers were killed and more than 2,000 foreign guns, more than 65,438 cannons, more than 300 foreign knives and hundreds of ships were lost". According to the report of Shanghai Foreign Newspaper at that time, the foreign guns team suffered one-third casualties, Hua Er was injured, and all the guns and ships were lost, but the losses of the Qing army were not recorded.

After hearing the news of defeat, Xue Huan played in succession to the Qing court, hoping that Zeng Guofan, governor of Liangjiang River, and Ruichang, general of Zhejiang military affairs, would send troops to help. Zeng Guofan besieged Anqing, Ruichang sent to save Shanghai, and Zhang was blocked by Jiaxing City and failed to arrive.

Bai Faside, the deputy leader of the "Foreign Gun Team", recruited 98 westerners as a supplement. On August 9, they joined forces with Li Hengsong to attack Qingpu again and lost again. In this battle, the foreign gun team lost about 65,438+000 people. Li Hengsong of the Qing army was almost captured and sent back to Songjiang City, and the Taiping Army seized a large number of guns.

The loyal king pushed his victory to the east, and captured Songjiang Fucheng again on August 12.

Xue Huan and others urgently requested the Qing court to dispatch 30 long ships from Yangzhou Li Ruozhu Navy and Huaiyang Town Company Commander Zeng, and four or five thousand Zhejiang soldiers from Ruichang Department to help. The Qing court turned to Zeng Guofan as the governor of the two rivers, hoping that he would try his best to move forward quickly and rescue Shanghai. However, due to Xue's mutiny in northern Jiangsu, Zeng Department suddenly postponed his trip, and Zhejiang soldiers were firmly restricted by Jiaxing City and could not move forward. In desperation, Xue Huan can only beg Britain and France to help consolidate the Yugoslav capital.

However, at this stage, the Qing army also had unexpected gains. Due to the interception of internal information in advance, the honest official quickly noticed the heroic situation of the internal soldiers, and trapped and killed Yu Yizheng in the early morning of August 10, and immediately killed Guo Gongde and other officers and men 100, but the Taiping Army did not know about it. In addition, on August 2, when five foreign missionaries, including Ai, visited Suzhou again, they told Wang Gan that the consuls of various countries did not open the letters of Wang Gan and others at all, and that the county town and concession had been defended by British and French troops. Although Wang Gan expressed excitement and indignation, he did not report this important situation to Zhong Wang.

After the Opium War, western powers launched the second Opium War against China in order to further expand their rights and interests of aggression. The allied forces of Britain and France burned the Yuanmingyuan, and Russia invaded a large part of our territory, which made China lose more territory and sovereignty, and the degree of semi-colonization of China society further deepened. The reason why the great powers are so unscrupulous and arrogant is because of the backwardness of the social system and the decadent rule of the Qing government. This reminds us that "we will be beaten if we fall behind". As young students, we should study hard for the rejuvenation of the nation and the strength of the country, so as not to let the historical tragedy repeat itself. In the face of foreign aggression, the people of China never gave up their struggle, thus avoiding the fate of China becoming a colony. This indomitable spirit of struggle will always inspire future generations.