48 phonetic symbols-mouth shape

48 English Phonetic Alphabet pronunciation tables and mouth shapes

The English International Phonetic Alphabet has 48 phonemes, including 20 vowel phonemes and 28 consonant phonemes. For beginners, if intensive teaching is used, they need to learn the pronunciation of 48 phonemes and distinguish them. It's really not easy. The author adopts a relatively centralized method for teaching phonetic symbols, that is, transitioning from teaching letter names to teaching partial phonetic symbols.

International Phonetic Alphabet (English phonetic)

Vowel? Vowel before single vowel [i:][i][e][?]

Chinese vowel Sound [?][?:][?]

Back vowel [u:][u][?:][?][a:]

Open diphthong Combined diphthongs [ei][ai][?i][?u][au]

Concentrated diphthongs [i?][ε?][u?]

Consonant plosives, voiceless consonants [p][t][k]

Voiced consonants [b][d][g]

Frictions, voiceless consonants [f][s][ ?][θ][h]

Voiced consonants [v][z][?][?]

Fragative consonants voiceless [t?][tr][ts ]

Voiced consonants [d?][dr][dz]

Nasal (voiced consonants) [m][n][?]

Tongue rule Sounds (voiced consonants) [l][r]

Semi-vowels (voiced consonants) [w][j]

1. Vowels

Before Vowels: [ i :] [ i ] [ e ] [ ? ]

Key points for pronunciation of front vowels: the tip of the tongue touches the lower teeth, the front of the tongue is raised toward the hard palate, and the lips should not be rounded.

Note: [i:] is a long vowel, and the long vowel is more than twice as long as the short vowel.

[ i :] ① Press the tip of the tongue against the lower teeth, and lift the front of the tongue toward the hard palate as much as possible. ②The lips are stretched to both sides and formed into a flat shape.

[ i ] ①The tip of the tongue touches the lower teeth, and the front of the tongue is lifted toward the hard palate. ② The pronunciation is short and the tip of the little finger can be accommodated between the upper and lower teeth.

[ e ] ① The tip of the tongue touches the lower teeth, and the front of the tongue is slightly raised, lower than [i:]. ②The gums are wider than [i:], and an index finger can be accommodated between the upper and lower teeth.

[ ? ] ①The tip of the tongue touches the lower teeth. ②The lips extend flat to both sides, the mouth opens wider than e, and the index finger and middle finger can be accommodated between the two teeth.

Middle vowel: [ ? ] [ ?: ] [ ? ]

Essentials of pronunciation of middle vowel: The tip of the tongue touches the lower teeth, but not as well as when pronouncing the front vowel. tight. The middle part of the tongue is raised and the lips are flat (don't round your lips).

[?:] ①The middle part of the tongue is slightly raised. ②The lips are similar to the hair [i:].

?[ ? ] ①The middle part of the tongue is raised. ② The gums are half open and half closed, short and strong.

[ ? ] ① The middle part of the tongue is slightly raised. ②The degree of opening is similar to [?], and the lip shape is flat.

Back vowel: [ ɑ :] [ ? ] [ ? :] [ u ] [ u :]

Back vowel pronunciation essentials:

① The tip of the tongue does not touch the lower teeth, the tongue is retracted, and the back of the tongue is raised toward the soft palate. Except for [ɑ:], the lips should be rounded.

②When pronouncing [ɑ:][?:][u:], pay attention to the length and do not pronounce it too short.

[ ɑ :] The tip of the tongue does not touch the lower teeth, the mouth is opened wide, and the tongue body is flat and retracted.

[ ? ] ① The tip of the tongue does not touch the lower teeth, the mouth is opened wide, and the tongue body is lowered and retracted as much as possible. ②Slightly round your lips.

[ ? :] ① The back of the tongue is raised slightly higher than when [?] is pronounced. ②The lips also become rounder and smaller, and must be forced forward.

[ u ] ① The tip of the tongue does not touch the lower teeth, the back of the tongue is raised toward the soft palate, and the tongue is retracted backward. ②The lips are rounded and slightly protruded forward.

[ u :] The lips are rounder and smaller than when pronouncing [u], and protrude forward, and the back of the tongue is raised higher than when pronouncing [u].

Diphthongs: [ ei ] [ ai ] [ ?i ] [ ?u ] [ au ] [ i? ] [ u? ] [ ? ? ]

Diphthongs Pronunciation essentials: ① It is composed of two vowels. When pronouncing, it slides from the first vowel to the second vowel, but does not completely reach the second vowel.

② The first vowel is loud and clear. The second vowel is weak and indistinct.

③Long at the front and short at the back, the first vowel is longer. The second vowel is shorter.

[ ei ] ①Slide from [e] to [i], but stop pronouncing when it reaches [i]. ②The lower jaw and lower lip move upward during pronunciation.

[ ai ] ①[a] is a front vowel (not a back vowel [ɑ:]), which is similar to the "a" sound in Mandarin Chinese. ②Slide from [a] to [i].

[ ?i ] ① The initial tongue position is between [?] and [?:]. ②Slide from the above part to [i], changing from round lips to flat lips.

[ ?u ] Slide from [?] to [u], the lips will become slightly rounded from flat, but stop pronouncing before [u].

[ au ] ① The beginning part is the same as [a] in [ai]. ① When sliding from [a] to [u], gradually round the lips and lift the back of the tongue slightly .

?[ i? ] ① When pronouncing [i], be sure to use flat lips and do not open your mouth too wide to avoid pronouncing it into [e] or [?]. ②The tongue retracts slightly and slides from [i] to [?] quickly.

[ ? ] ①[?] is a front vowel. When pronounced, the tip of the tongue touches the lower teeth, the tongue is half-open, and the front of the tongue is raised. ② The tongue is slightly retracted, and it quickly slides from [?] to [?]

[ u? ] ① Do not pronounce [u] as [u:]. ② Move the tongue slightly forward, quickly sliding from [u] to [?]

2. Consonants

Explosive consonants: [ p ] [ b ] [ t ] [ d ] [ k ] [ g ]

Essentials of pronunciation of plosives:

[p] [t] [k] is a voiceless consonant. The vocal cords should not vibrate during pronunciation, and the aspiration should be strong.

[b] [d] [g] is a voiced consonant. When pronouncing it, the vocal cords must vibrate and the aspiration must be strong.

[ p ]

[ b ] The lips are tightly closed, then suddenly parted, and air rushes out of the mouth.

[ t ]

[ d ] The tip of the tongue is close to the gums, forming an obstruction, and then suddenly drops, and the air rushes out of the mouth.

[ k ]

[ g ] The back of the tongue bulges, close to the soft palate, forming an obstruction, and then suddenly leaves, and the air rushes out of the mouth.

Friction consonants: [ f ] [ v ] [ s ] [ z ] [ ? ] [ ? ] [ ? ] [ ? ]

Essentials of pronunciation of fricative sounds:

< p> [f] [s] [?] [?] is a voiceless consonant, and the vocal cords do not vibrate during pronunciation.

[v] [z] [?] [?] is a voiced consonant, and the vocal cords must vibrate during pronunciation.

　 [ f ]

[ v ] ① Touch the lower lip lightly to the upper teeth. ②The airflow passes through the gap between the lips and teeth, and the friction produces sound.

　 [ s ]

[ z ] ①The end and tip of the tongue are close to the upper gums, but not in contact. ② Bring the upper and lower teeth closer together, but do not bite. ③The airflow escapes from between the tip of the tongue and the upper gums, causing friction to produce sound.

[ ? ]

[ ? ] ①The tip and end of the tongue are raised to the back of the upper gums, but do not touch.

② Both sides of the tongue are close to the upper palate, forming a long and narrow channel ③ The lips are slightly protruding.

[ ? ] [ ? ] ① Place the tip of the tongue between the upper and lower incisors. ②The airflow escapes from the narrow gap between the tongue and teeth, and the friction produces sound.

Fricatives [ h ] [ r ] [ j ] [ w ] and lingual consonants [ l ]

Essentials of pronunciation of fricatives:

[h] is voiceless Consonants whose vocal cords do not vibrate when pronounced.

[r] [j] [w] is a voiced consonant, and the vocal cords must vibrate during pronunciation.

? [ h ] ① The vocal organ is in a vowel-producing position, and the glottis is open. ②The airflow is not hindered and escapes freely from the mouth, and the vocal cords do not vibrate

[ r ] ①The tip of the tongue is rolled up, close to the back of the upper gums ②Both sides of the tongue are close to both sides of the upper gums. ③The lips are rounded and slightly protruding, and the vocal cords vibrate.

[ j ] ①The front of the tongue is raised toward the hard palate, but does not resist it. ②The lips stretch to both sides into a flat shape, and the vocal cords vibrate. ③The pronunciation is quick and short, and once it is pronounced, it immediately slides towards the following vowels.

[ w ] ①The back end of the tongue is raised toward the soft palate, but does not resist it. ②The lips are rounded and slightly protruding, and the vocal cords vibrate. ②The pronunciation is quick and short. Once it is pronounced, it immediately slides towards the following vowels.

[l] ① The tip of the tongue is pressed against the upper gums, and the airflow escapes from one or both sides of the tongue. ②Lift the tongue forward toward the hard palate, and the airflow escapes from both sides of the tongue. Vocal cord vibration

Broken fricatives: [ tr ] [ dr ] [ ? ] [ ? ] [ ? ] [ ? ]

Essentials of pronunciation of broken fricatives:

[tr] [?] [?] is a voiceless consonant, and the vocal cords do not vibrate when pronounced.

[dr] [?] [?] is a voiced consonant, and the vocal cords must vibrate during pronunciation.

[ ? ]

[ ? ] ①The tip and end of the tongue press against the upper gums, forming an obstruction. ②The air rushes out between the tongue and gums.

[ tr ]

[ dr ] ① Use the tongue body to make the [r] sound. ②Put the tip of your tongue against the back of the upper gums to block the airflow. ③Sound [r] immediately after a short [t].

[ ? ]

[ ? ] ① Place the tip of the tongue against the upper gums to block the airflow. ②Then the tip of the tongue drops slightly, and the airflow is released.

Nasal (consonant) sounds: [ m ] [ n ] [ ? ]

Essentials of pronunciation of nasal sounds:

① The soft palate droops and the oral passage is completely blocked, Air escapes from the nasal cavity.

②The three nasal consonants [m] [n] [?] are all voiced consonants, and the vocal cords must vibrate during pronunciation.

③When the nasal consonant is at the end of the word, the pronunciation is slightly prolonged.

[ m ] The lips are tightly closed, the tongue is flat, the soft palate droops, and the air escapes from the nasal cavity.

[ n ] ①The tip of the tongue is close to the upper gums, forming an obstruction. ②The lips are not closed, the soft palate droops, and air escapes from the nasal cavity.

[ ? ] ① The back of the tongue is raised and pressed against the soft palate, and the soft palate droops, blocking the oral passage, and the airflow escapes from the nasal cavity.