"Craftsman Spirit" topic composition material

1. Interpretation:

Craftsman spirit refers to the spiritual concept of craftsmen carefully crafting their own products and striving for excellence.

Craftsmen like to constantly carve their products, constantly improve their craftsmanship, and enjoy the process of sublimating the products in their hands. Craftsmen have high requirements for details, pursue perfection and extreme, have persistent persistence and pursuit of high-quality products, and improve the quality from 99 to 99. 99, although its benefits are small, it will benefit the world for a long time.

Once upon a time, craftsmanship was an indispensable profession for Chinese people in their daily lives. Carpenters, coppersmiths, blacksmiths, stonemasons, bamboo fence workers, etc., all kinds of craftsmen used their exquisite skills to shape the traditional life landscape. Lower the background color. As the agricultural era ends and society enters the post-industrial era, some old crafts and craftsmen that are not suitable for modern life gradually fade out of daily life, but the spirit of craftsmanship will never go out of style.

2. Connotation:

1. Strive for excellence. Pay attention to details, pursue perfection and extreme, spend time and energy, work tirelessly, repeatedly improve products, and increase 99 to 99. 99.

2. Rigorous and meticulous. We do not take shortcuts, we must ensure the quality of each component, adopt strict testing standards for products, and we will never deliver products easily if they do not meet the requirements. [1]

3. Patience, focus, and persistence. Continuously improve products and services, because real craftsmen will never stop pursuing progress in the professional field, whether it is the materials used, design or production processes, they are constantly improving. [2]

4. Professional and dedicated. The goal of the craftsman spirit is to create the highest quality products in the industry, outstanding products that cannot be matched by other peers.

3. Practical significance - "Craftsman spirit" has important learning value in today's business management.

Today’s society is full of impatience and pursues the immediate benefits brought by “short, flat, and fast” (low investment, short cycle, quick results), thereby neglecting the quality soul of the product. Therefore, enterprises need more craftsmanship to succeed in long-term competition. While other companies are keen on the cycle of "making money, killing a certain product, releasing new products, and making money again", companies that adhere to the "craftsman spirit" rely on faith and faith to watch the products continue to improve and improve, and ultimately , after passing the high standards and requirements, it has become the pride of many users. Regardless of success or failure, their spirit is completely enjoyable in this process, which is refined and positive.

Why are the product quality of many Chinese companies poor? Although there are many reasons, they can ultimately be attributed to one aspect, which is the lack of rigorous craftsmanship in doing things. The quality of China's products is not as good as Japan's. One of the important reasons is that they are more rigorous and have more craftsmanship than us.

Companies cannot blindly learn and introduce Japanese-style management. The most valuable thing to learn about Japanese management is its spirit, not its specific practices. This spirit is the spirit of craftsmanship. The so-called craftsman spirit, firstly, loves what you do more than the money it brings you; secondly, it means striving for excellence and meticulous craftsmanship. Lean management is the word "lean" and "beneficial". In the Japanese concept, you raise it from 60 to 99, and from 99 to 99. 99 is the same concept. They don't compete with others, they compete with themselves.

Agricultural production: Craftsman spirit is a product of the industrial economic era. It is a requirement for refined production, and it is also applicable to agricultural production. In terms of agricultural production, it is actually about ensuring food safety from the source. Starting from planting, the safety of raw materials, fertilizers, land, etc. must be ensured, as well as its quality and quality. Craftsmanship is also required here. [6]

Craftsman spirit enterprise development: Craftsman spirit requires an enterprise to be like a craftsman, pondering its own products, striving for excellence, and withstanding the test and scrutiny of the market. The core of the craftsman spirit is that enterprises should pursue technological innovation and technological progress. If enterprises are the economic lifeblood of a country, then an enterprise that focuses on technological innovation and technological progress is the source of power for national rejuvenation and the source of increased national wealth.

The spirit of craftsmanship falls on the entrepreneurial level and can be considered as entrepreneurial spirit. Specifically, it manifests itself in several aspects: First, innovation is the core of entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurs seek new business opportunities from innovation through comprehensive innovation from product innovation to technological innovation, market innovation, organizational innovation, etc. After obtaining innovation dividends, they continue to invest and promote innovation, forming a virtuous cycle. Second, dedication is the driving force of entrepreneurship. With professionalism, entrepreneurs will have the inexhaustible motivation to devote themselves wholeheartedly to the enterprise, and they will be able to regard innovation as their mission and make their products and enterprises competitive. Third, persistence is the foundation of entrepreneurship. When the economy is at a low point, others may choose to quit, but entrepreneurs will not quit. Over the past 30 years of reform and opening up, a large number of entrepreneurs with courage, knowledge and craftsmanship have emerged in our country. However, there are also some entrepreneurs who lack entrepreneurial spirit. It can be said that the decline of entrepreneurial spirit is the hidden worry for economic development.

4. "Kao Gong Ji": "Craftsman spirit" is not imported. In China, craftsmen have existed since ancient times.

The earliest extant handicraft monograph "Kao Gong Ji" written in the early Warring States period roughly divides society into six categories: princes, scholar-bureaucrats, workers, merchants, farmers and women. The so-called "state-owned Six positions, hundreds of jobs and one home."

During the Warring States Period, the Chinese regarded outstanding craftsmen as "sages" who had the ability to "help the world". They can "use glittering gold as a blade, concrete as a weapon, make a chariot to travel on land, and a boat to travel on water." The so-called "Those who know create things, those who are skillful describe and maintain them, and the world knows their work. All the works of a hundred craftsmen are the work of saints."

Dunhuang document "Twenty-Five Other People's Drawings" in the late Tang Dynasty "Preface" gives this description of traditional Chinese craftsmen: "Workers are also artists. They are neither hermits nor officials, neither farmers nor businessmen... Although they have no career as officials, they often have the ability to help the world. This worker's That’s wonderful.” This is in addition to the long-standing traditional Chinese mainstream values ??of being a saint within and a king outside, and cultivating oneself to bring peace to the family and bring peace to the world. This is a brave praise of capable workers and good workers, and a supreme recognition of the spirit of craftsmanship.

Duan Yucai, a native of the Qing Dynasty, said in the annotation of "Shuowen Jiezi Annotation Ni Bu": Carpenter is called carpenter, and by extension is also called ordinary craftsman. He also said: All kinds of work are called workers.

Lu Ban, who is highly skilled in cooking, and Cook Ding, who is "comfortable", have always been regarded as lifelong pursuits by Chinese craftsmen. In addition to Cook Ding, "Zhuangzi" has created the image of a large number of craftsmen and skillful people. In the chapter "Da Sheng", the person who inherits the legend "uses his will without distinguishing, but concentrates on the spirit", clinging to cicadas like picking up cicadas; Zi Qing "cutting wood into 鐻, and 鐻成, and those who see it are astonished as ghosts and gods."

Tao follows nature and is consistent with the way of heaven. This is the highest state of craftsmanship.

5. Idioms about craftsmen:

Jiu Gong Pu Cai: Pu: pǐ, prepared, equipped. Recruit craftsmen and prepare materials.

Good craftsman: A craftsman with excellent craftsmanship; Skilled craftsman: A craftsman with exquisite skills. Refers to a highly skilled craftsman.

Good workmanship is hard work: good workmanship: a craftsman with excellent craftsmanship. Describing the works of outstanding artists, they put a lot of thought into the creation process.

If there is carpentry in the mountain, it will be measured: plan: plan. There are trees on the mountain, so craftsmen can use the materials accordingly. It is a metaphor that only when a person has virtue and talent can he be reused by others.

It also refers to observing the terrain. Famous craftsmen in history:

Ou Yezi, Ganjiang, Moye: blacksmith, swordsmith

Shang Gao: Mathematician of the Western Zhou Dynasty around 1100 BC. The Pythagorean Theorem was first proposed, more than 500 years before the ancient Greek mathematician and philosopher Pythagoras proposed the Pythagorean Theorem.

Ding Huan: A famous craftsman and inventor in the Western Han Dynasty. There were many inventions, one of the important ones was the invention of the "quilt incense burner", which is similar to today's air conditioner.

Wei Boyang: A native of Shangyu, Kuaiji (now Shangyu County, Zhejiang Province). The alchemist (alchemy, that is, smelting) who lived in the Eastern Han Dynasty 1,800 years ago was revered by later generations as the "King of the Eternal Alchemy Sutra". After many years of practical experience, he wrote "Zhouyi Cantongqi". This immortal work is the first smelting work existing in the world.

Dai Kui: A famous stone sculptor during the Eastern Jin Dynasty. He was a humble man with superb skills. It is said that he carved the Longmen Buddha statue in Luoyang for him.

Pei Xiu was a native of Wenxi, Hedong (now Wenxi County, Shanxi Province) during the Wei and Jin Dynasties, and was an outstanding cartographer in China. He presided over the completion of China's earliest historical atlases, "Yugong Area Map" and "Topographic Abbot Map". The "Six Cartography Systems" created in practice became the world's earliest cartography theory.

Qi Wuhuaiwen: (date of birth and death unknown) was a famous metallurgist in China during the Southern and Northern Dynasties. He created a new steel-making method, which later generations called the "steel-filling method" or the "steel-grouping method." This is an outstanding achievement and creation in the history of my country's metallurgy and occupies a certain position in the history of world steelmaking.

Liu Zhuo: A native of Xindu Changting (now Jixian County, Hebei Province), he was a scientist in the Sui Dynasty. Liu Zhuo wrote all his life's research results into the almanac "Huangji Li". His greatest achievement was to propose the equal-spaced quadratic interpolation formula, which was the first time in the world. Li Chun: Bridge builder (bridge expert) in the Sui Dynasty. Nowadays, people from Lincheng, Xingtai, Hebei Province. The Zhaozhou Bridge (Anji Bridge) was built from the 15th year of Emperor Kaihuang's reign in the Sui Dynasty to the beginning of Daye (595-605). Zhaozhou Bridge has existed for more than 1,500 years and can be called one of the miracles in the history of Chinese architecture. Zhaozhou Bridge has a long history, unique structure, beautiful appearance, and ranks first in the world. It embodies Li Chun's sweat and hard work. Li Chun became the first bridge expert in the history of architecture in China and even the world.

Li Bing: A water conservancy expert during the Warring States Period, known as Lu Hai, a famous water conservancy engineering expert during the Warring States Period. From 256 BC to 251 BC, he was appointed as the prefect of Shu County (today's Chengdu area) by King Zhao of Qin. During this period, Li Bing performed extraordinary feats in water control. His guiding ideology in building weirs was the Taoist idea of ??"Tao follows nature" and "Unity of man and nature". He recruited migrant workers to build many water conservancy projects in the Minjiang River Basin, among which the Dujiangyan Water Conservancy Project, which he and his son presided over, is the most famous. Over thousands of years, this project has laid a solid foundation for the Chengdu Plain to become a land of abundance. In order to commemorate Li Bing and his son, later generations built the Erwang Temple in Dujiangyan. Dujiangyan has also become a famous scenic spot.

Kuai Xiang: The designer of Tiananmen, known as "Kuai Luban". Kuai Xiang carefully planned the materials and construction, and the tenon and rivet frame he created was very accurate and strong. Kuai Xiang also skillfully applied the architectural art of Jiangnan. He used Suzhou colored paintings and glazed gold bricks to make the palaces and pavilions look magnificent. Kuai Xiang is not only proficient in woodworking skills, but also has high artistic talent and aesthetic awareness. According to records, Kuai Xiang could hold the pen with both hands and draw a dragon at the same time, making the two images look exactly the same. His skill could be described as consummate. When building palaces and pavilions at that time, he could draw the design drawings with just a little calculation. After the construction was completed, the size of the building and the design drawings were exactly the same. In 1420, after the construction of Chengtianmen (ie Tiananmen) was completed, he was praised by everyone and was called "Kuai Luban".

Ding said - Kill three birds with one stone

In the auspicious talisman, fire is forbidden. At that time, Princess Ding and Jin returned to the palace and were worried about the distance to get the soil, so the princess ordered a thoroughfare to be dug to get the soil, which soon turned into a huge chasm. Then the Bianshui River was diverted into the chasm, and bamboo and wood rafts and boats were led to carry all the miscellaneous materials from the chasm to the palace gate. After the work was completed, the rubble and dust were thrown away into the trench and turned into a street again. Doing three things in one fell swoop can save hundreds of millions of dollars.

During the Xiangfu period, there was a fire in the palace. Duke Jin of Ding was ordered to repair the burned palace, but it was difficult to obtain soil from a distance, so Duke Jin of Ding ordered craftsmen to dig soil on the street. Within a few days, the streets turned into deep ditches. Ding Jinggong ordered craftsmen to introduce the water from the Bian River into the ditch, and then used many bamboo rafts and boats to transport the materials used to repair the palace into the palace along the water in the ditch. After the palace was repaired, the burned equipment and excess building materials were filled into the deep trenches dug out, and the streets were filled out again. This did three things and saved more than hundreds of millions.

Extended reading: Why has China lost its craftsmanship spirit, but Japan has not?

"Craftsman spirit", this ancient word, has been written into the China Work Report.

In Chinese history, there has been an endless supply of craftsmen. Lu Ban, who has superb skills, and Cook Ding, who is "comfortable", have always been representatives of craftsmen.

Speaking more closely, the 2015 CCTV documentary "Craftsmen of the Great Country" also introduced many front-line skilled workers with top-notch skills. The recent popular documentary "I Repair Cultural Relics in the Forbidden City" shows that the technicians who are engaged in the restoration of precious ancient lacquerware, inlays, embroidery, woodware, bronzes, porcelain, calligraphy and paintings also have the characteristics of craftsmen - patience, slowness, persistence, A small amount. China has a long tradition of handicrafts, and craftsmen have never disappeared, but the spirit of craftsmanship has become the most scarce and most sought-after thing in Chinese society today.

The Chinese people’s pursuit of craftsmanship has never been as strong as it is today. Chinese tourists go shopping in Japan, and their sights have long since shifted from assembly-line products such as rice cookers and toilet seats to handicrafts made by craftsmen with hammers and threads. Sometimes I have to bring back kitchen knives, a teapot from Nanbu Ironware, a pair of scissors, and a lunch box.

Why has Japan not lost its craftsmanship spirit? Japanese folk craftsman Yanagi Munetsu said: "I think the beauty of craftsmanship is ultimately the beauty of order. If there is no normal social environment, there will be no beauty of craftsmanship. The rise and fall of beauty and the rise and fall of society are synchronized in history. Saving craftsmanship is saving society. Ugly craftsmanship is a reflection of ugly society. ”

1. The spirit of craftsmanship is to reach the extreme with hands

To understand the spirit of craftsmanship in Japan, you can. Start with the details below.

1. In the documentary "Master Craftsman" filmed by NHK, twenty craftsmen each have their own unique skills, but the utensils they make, such as hourglasses, Japanese rice buckets, carp streamers, southern brooms, seals, Clogs, scissors, baseball gloves, etc. are all necessary daily necessities in life, not special works of art.

(Japanese wagashi pays attention to the art of "five senses": appreciating the beauty and deliciousness of wagashi with your eyes, the aroma of wagashi, the touch of tongue, the feel of holding wagashi and cutting wagashi, tasting the deliciousness of wagashi, The sound made when tasting Japanese confectionery)

2. Yanagi Munetsu recorded in "Japanese Crafts" the production process of wooden funnels he saw in Utsunomiya when he traveled to Japan - wooden funnels are used to hold wine. Or for soy sauce, it is made of wood because wood will not change the taste of food like metal. Therefore, regular hotels use wooden funnels. It is such a cheap wooden funnel that takes four years to dry after the prototype is made, and further processing can be done after the wood is stable. The "Future Heritage" program of Japan's TBS TV station once introduced the practice of southern brooms. Craftsman Takakura Tokusaburo grows broom grass himself. After threshing and drying the broom grass harvested every year, Takakura Tokusaburo selects qualified materials. He has made more than 60 types of brooms, some of which require three years of work to make.

(Japan’s national treasure Boy Kiri Yasutsuna was made by the famous craftsman Yasutsuna who lived in Hakusho Country during the Heian period. Legend has it that the first owner was Minamoto Yorimitsu. It is now in the Tokyo National Museum)

3. The characteristic of Japanese swords is that under relatively backward production technology conditions, relying on the skills and experience of craftsmen, they create products of unimaginable quality. In the absence of modern steelmaking technology, blacksmiths forged selected "jade steel" (sponge iron) blanks to adjust the weight and distribution of carbon. This process not only determines the hardness and toughness of the knife, but also forms waves, Different textures such as knots and tree rings are called "ground texture" and have a unique decorative effect. In addition, the beautiful curve of the blade is not caused by hammering, but comes from the heat treatment process.

4. In the movie "The God Goes to the Village", the woodcutter in the God Goes to the Village kept pruning the side branches to get a big tree with a straight trunk, no scars, and evenly distributed annual rings. , so every piece of wood cut by Shen Qu Village can be sold at the highest price in the trading market. However, planting trees is something where the harvest cannot be seen in a short period of time. The trees cared for by this generation of lumberjacks often cannot be cut down by their descendants until a hundred years later. Whether the trees are growing well or not can only be seen after their death. But no lumberjack is slacking off because of this. Just like their ancestors a hundred years ago, they are not only thinking about the here and now, but the future of future generations.

Produce practical utensils by hand, treat work and labor with a respectful and sincere attitude, strictly abide by various process requirements with a correct attitude, and achieve the extraordinary performance of the utensils. We should not be tired of the small, troublesome, refined and hard work. This is the spirit of craftsmanship.

2. In an environment where class is solidified, craftsmen gain dignity in life by relying on the craftsman spirit

The emergence of the craftsman class makes the craftsman spirit begin to sprout and develop. In Japan, craftsmen are called "craftsmen."

Japan’s “craftsman” class was formed in the Edo period. At the end of the Warring States Period, Japanese cities had "castles" (castles) only where the lords lived. The lords lived in the castle, and samurai and citizens lived under the castle (town). After the population concentrated in cities, in order to meet the needs of the upper class, Japan's craftsmen class gradually separated from farmers and mixed with businessmen, and they were called "machi people".

Many cities in modern Japan developed from the "castle towns" at that time, and many of them still retain their town names, such as Wardrobe Town, Okaya Town, Itoya Town, Kokugo Town, etc. .

In the Edo period, social classes were relatively fixed, and "craftsmen" became a fixed title for craftsmen. This class gradually developed and formed its own rules and customs.

Among the craftsmen class, the highest status is the knifemaker. This is determined by Japan's martial customs. Especially after the establishment of the political system in which the Kamakura shogunate relied on samurai to maintain its rule, the admiration for swords made the trend of making swords extremely strong. Legend has it that Go Toba recruited famous craftsmen to establish the "Goban Forging" system and personally participated in its creation. In Japanese history, making knives and swords has been regarded as the most technical occupation in craftsmanship, and some swordsmiths have even been given great names. The ones below the swordsmith have a higher status, and there are also a large number of carpenters (big workers, mainly engaged in wooden construction). Others include weavers, painters, potters, metalworkers, etc.

The emergence of the Japanese craftsman class contributed to the emergence of the craftsman spirit. One theory is that during the Edo period, the status of craftsmen was hereditary, and the solidification of classes made people of each class content with the status quo, and did their job well as a way to realize the value of life. In addition, Japanese craftsmen were not taken seriously at the time. They had a competitive mentality and hoped to shock each other with their skills. Therefore, they had a self-esteem that was almost conceited about their craftsmanship.

The Japanese have many national characteristics that are very suitable for handicrafts and manufacturing. For example, they have an instinct to complicate simple things to the extreme. There is still a saying among Japanese companies: If you can do something in one hour, do it better in two hours.

3. Behind a top craftsman is the dual cultivation of skills and attitude

Behind good works there are always emotions, morals and even religion. "The God of Sushi" Jiro Ono's understanding of sushi is full of philosophical meaning - it is an art accurate to the second, and the life of holding sushi is as short as cherry blossoms. Only by using the best ingredients, in the best time, and with the most precise techniques, can the sushi chef live up to the expectations of the sushi chef.

Japanese craftsmen are kind to the body and physical nature and comply with nature. This is also the foundation of the health and natural beauty of Japanese craft products. Japan is rich in various types of wood, ranging from soft paulownia, cedar, pine, and cherry to hard zelkova, chestnut, and oak. The unique conditions enabled the Japanese to develop a taste for wood. The quality of straight wood grain and wood board grain is very finely divided. No other place has citizens who are so careful about classifying wood. According to documents describing the craftsmanship of traditional wooden houses, trees should be cut down at specific times, and their growth status should be recorded, so that when building the house, the layout should be as close to the original condition as possible. For example, the trees on the sunny side of the hillside are used to make the sunny side of the house, and the wood on the shady side is used on the back. The specific orientation should follow the original shape as much as possible. This will make the condition of the entire house harmonious with the natural state of the trees.

The Japanese craftsmen have a tradition of advocating asceticism, requiring them to devote themselves wholeheartedly to their profession and strive for daily improvement. The documentary "The God of Sushi" depicts the journey of Japan's top craftsmen to cultivate their skills.

Before becoming a sushi chef, apprentices must first learn to twist towels for customers. The towels are very hot and will burn their hands at first, but if they have not learned how to twist the towels, they cannot touch the fish; then, they must learn to use a knife and cook the fish; After ten years, you can learn to fry an egg.

The craftsman’s full devotion to creation also includes using his or her life to be responsible for the quality. Koda Rohan's novel "The Five-Storied Tower" reflects the extreme professional responsibility of Japanese craftsmen who sacrifice themselves in the line of duty. The five-story wooden pagoda encountered an unprecedented storm on the eve of the inauguration ceremony. Jubei, the carpenter responsible for building the pagoda, climbed to the top of the pagoda with a six-point chisel in his hand during the storm, planning to commit suicide if the pagoda was damaged.

4. In the modern large-scale industry, Japanese craftsmen still shine

The exquisite craftsmanship and pious attitude of cultivating utensils in the traditional craft field have been inherited in Japan’s modern manufacturing industry . In industries such as materials, chemical industry, precision machinery, precision measuring instruments and instruments. Japanese small and medium-sized enterprises have shown strong manufacturing capabilities. Most of these enterprises have only a few to dozens of employees, but they each have skilled craftsmen who are good at manufacturing various products with unimitable precision technology and unique handcrafts. Be precise, detailed, specialized and deep.