Model law on fertilizer popularization?

China is a big country in fertilizer production and consumption, and also a big country in fertilizer innovation and development. In recent years, with the development of technology and market, new fertilizers have occupied a great position in the fertilizer market and promoted the development of China's market. The premise of the use of new fertilizers is to be widely popularized, but we should also pay attention to finding the right method when popularizing.

First, soil testing and formula fertilization drive the climax of fertilizer science and technology innovation.

New fertilizer is an improvement and innovation breakthrough on the basis of traditional fertilizer, and it is a concentrated expression of scientific and technological progress in fertilizer industry. Since 2004, when the Ministry of Agriculture launched the National Action of Soil Testing and Formulated Fertilization 10, a large number of new fertilizers have emerged in China, which has become the most active group in the innovation and development of agricultural resources industry.

The core content of a large number of new fertilizers is the innovation of fertilizer technology, including: the innovation of raw materials (such as the combination of large, medium and trace elements; The combination of organic and inorganic; Adding functional ingredients and additives. ), technological innovation (such as tower granulation, chemical synthesis, fermentation preparation, etc. ), product design innovation (such as slow-release fertilizers coated with different materials, irrigation fertilizers suitable for canal irrigation, fully soluble and instant drip irrigation fertilizers, insect-resistant and disease-resistant fertilizers, etc.). ), the most important thing is that the large-scale implementation of soil testing and formula fertilization in China has greatly promoted the innovation of people's ideas.

Market demand is the source of power for the rapid development of new fertilizers. In recent years, China's traditional bulk chemical fertilizers have been over-produced, especially in the situation that the supply of soil testing and formula fertilization is in short supply and the demand is diversified. Single nutrient, fixed ratio and batch production have caused the contradiction between the batch production of large chemical fertilizer enterprises and the individual needs of farmers. In the past, the smooth logistics channels have been blocked, which has become the weakness and weakness of bulk fertilizers.

According to the formula, it has become the development trend of fertilizer industry to change bulk fertilizer directly into raw fertilizer. Last year, the Ministry of Agriculture issued a regional formula, which took into account the fertilizer quality of large enterprises and the technical needs of agricultural production to a certain extent, and the contradiction between supply and demand was alleviated. Even so, new fertilizers with multiple functions are still welcomed by farmers because of their strong pertinence.

Second, the promotion of new fertilizers should pay attention to methods.

To promote new fertilizers, we should pay attention to comprehensive benefits, and not take fertilizer prices as the criterion. Because of the complex technology, high technology content and relatively high development and production costs, the price of new fertilizers is naturally higher than that of traditional fertilizers, which has become an unfavorable factor for farmers to accept and popularize spontaneously.

A few years ago, because of its high price, slow-release fertilizer was called "aristocratic fertilizer" by farmers. This is an unaffordable fertilizer and is not accepted, which has caused great resistance. In this regard, the National Agricultural Technology Center pays attention to the concepts of "high fertilizer price, higher benefit after use" and "high input and high output" in its promotion strategy, and helps farmers calculate two accounts: one is to apply fertilizer once, which is effective throughout the process, saving labor, effort, worry and cost; Second, the fertilizer efficiency is slowly released, which improves the utilization rate of fertilizer, which is equivalent to saving fertilizer and reducing waste.

Especially in Northeast China, which is used to "one shot" fertilization, the effect of increasing production and income is very obvious, and it is more cost-effective to calculate the general ledger than to use other fertilizers. The National Agricultural Technology Center organizes a national on-site exchange meeting every year. After three or four years' efforts, slow-release fertilizers have been gradually accepted by farmers and become popular civil fertilizers.

High-priced fertilizers should be used first for high-efficiency crops. In the early stage, slow-release fertilizer, water-soluble fertilizer and water-fertilizer integration were promoted. Greenhouse vegetables, fruit tree gardening, etc., because of high income and good benefits, farmers are willing to invest, not afraid of high fertilizer prices, but only seeking good fertilizer quality.

Years of practice have proved that before large-scale popularization and application, taking high-efficiency crops as the initial demonstration base is the only place for new fertilizers to enter the popularization field, and it is also the best starting point for organizing popularization and application.

The promotion of new fertilizers should also start from the most suitable areas. In order to fully reflect the functional advantages of new fertilizers, water-soluble fertilizers should be combined with water-fertilizer integration technology as much as possible; Slow and controlled release fertilizer should be applied to high-stalk crops and major crop producing areas that are not convenient for topdressing; Under the conditions of drought, semi-drought and insufficient irrigation, fertilizers with the functions of loosening soil, retaining water and resisting cold should be given priority. Therefore, choosing the right area is half the success of promotion.

It should be combined with major projects that are widely promoted and implemented on a large scale as far as possible. For example, if it is combined with soil testing and formula fertilization project, the establishment of high-yield grain, the construction of high-standard farmland and standard garden, and the water-saving and grain-increasing project in Northeast China, it will be equivalent to entering the expressway for popularization and application.

It is necessary to take the new agricultural business entities as demonstration users, promotion backbones and service focuses. Large-scale farmers, family farms and farmers' planting cooperatives are characterized by large production scale, rich education and experience, understanding technology and management, actively accepting new technologies, strong local influence and driving force, and good demonstration and popularization, which should be the focus of new fertilizer delivery and service.

Third, the demonstration of new fertilizers cannot be simplified.

Correctly understand and understand the "trilogy" of experiment, demonstration and popularization. This is a problem that should not be a problem. The daily reality reminds us that we should still pay attention to it.

Some fertilizer enterprises still have a big deviation in their knowledge and understanding of the trilogy needed for new fertilizers to enter the promotion field.

Especially when discussing the experimental arrangement, I met many rejections and said it was unnecessary. I have done the experiment and got the result.

However, when asked in detail in which areas, which crops and who conducted the experiment, the problem came out.

First, some simplify and stylize the promotion work, and the experimental crops are single, thinking that experiments on corn can be popularized on other crops such as wheat.

Second, the test site is not representative, thinking that the test in a county can be promoted in the whole province or even the whole country, and some of them do not repeat the plot and the control is not comparable.

Third, the undertaking unit is not qualified, either the village group or the farmers, or the testing scheme of the enterprise is not professional, and the testing report is not standardized. Some testing results reports even have no official seal, which cannot be used as the scientific and technological basis for demonstration and promotion.

Application experiment is the first step of popularization. With experiments of different crops, there are also experiments of different varieties. Even the same variety of the same crop needs experiments with different yield indexes, different soil conditions, different regional types and different fertilization methods. If you encounter problems in promotion, you must experiment. Therefore, the experiment is not accomplished overnight, and it must be accompanied by the whole process of popularization.

Application demonstration is a demonstration of mature technology on the basis of standard test, and it is also a verification and improvement of supporting technology. Just like the pilot stage in industry, it can only be promoted after success. Therefore, the experiment, demonstration and popularization should not only emphasize the sequence, but also follow each other and combine organically. It should be scientifically understood, correctly understood and standardized.

The evaluation of fertilizer use effect needs to be standardized. Over the years, China's agricultural technology popularization has been done brilliantly and has become the main force to promote agriculture through science and technology.

However, the evaluation system of extension effect matching with the extension work has not been fully established and widely used, which leads to the lack of unified and standardized evaluation standards and management methods for the application effect of fertilizers and technologies, and has become a weak link in the promotion of new technologies, new achievements and new products.

In particular, some achievement development units often like to turn over some extreme data in external publicity, which is counterproductive, reducing the integrity and affecting the promotion.

Enterprises should play a main role in the popularization of materialized technology. The Law of Agricultural Technology Extension stipulates the unitary subject and pluralistic mode of agricultural technology extension in China.

With the progress of society and the development and change of the situation, the leading role of the national agricultural technology extension service system will be further strengthened.

However, the main body of more practical agricultural technology extension service should be enterprises, especially the extension and service of materialized technology.

Therefore, in the promotion of fertilizer and technology, enterprises should especially strengthen their sense of social responsibility, pay attention to the construction of honesty, create more public welfare atmosphere, dilute the commercial color, track the after-sales effect, and serve agriculture wholeheartedly, which is an indispensable obligation for enterprises to survive and develop under the new situation.