Photos of propaganda slogans in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China

1969, China's national strength was slightly inferior to that of the United States and the Soviet Union. Chairman Mao said to Premier Zhou: "The United States and the Soviet Union are always the only ones. We can't fight both sides."

Premier Zhou nodded and said yes.

Then Chairman Mao gave orders: Chen Yi and Xu, 68, Nie, 70, and Ye Jianying, 72. They immediately entered the role and studied and discussed around the clock: the international situation and strategic issues, especially China's strategic orientation towards the United States and the Soviet Union.

After six meetings and 19 hours of discussion, a written opinion on "Preliminary Estimation of the War Situation" was formed and submitted to Mao Zedong and the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China.

The final conclusion of this material is that you can play American cards strategically.

Chairman Mao assigned this special task because after 1960, Sino-Soviet relations broke down, and Soviet troops constantly created frictions and provocations on the Sino-Soviet border. At the same time, when American troops invaded Vietnam, they often skirted the ball and violated China's territorial waters and airspace.

Between Scylla and Charybdis, the national security situation has reached the most severe point since the founding of New China.

Especially during the period from 1967 to 1 969, the situation on the border between China and the Soviet Union went from bad to worse, and the Soviet army invaded Zhenbao Island 16 times.

When Chairman Mao heard the news, he said angrily, "A handful of war maniacs dare to attack China's strategic base, which is war and aggression. The people of China will surely fight back and destroy the war of aggression with revolutionary war!"

1In March, 969, the Chinese and Soviet armies fought in Zhenbao Island, and the China army destroyed 17 invading Soviet tanks and armored vehicles, killing 58 Soviet soldiers and injuring 94 Soviet soldiers.

Brezhnev was furious. On the Sino-Soviet border, Chen Bing has 54 divisions,1140,000 people, and 200,000 troops are stationed in Mongolia. He also equipped more than 50 long-range bombers and 400 medium-sized bombers capable of loading hydrogen bombs.

The Soviet Union is ready and eager to try.

1On August 20th, 969, Dobrynin, the Soviet ambassador to the United States, met with Kissinger and informed him that Marshal Graetsch of the Soviet Union would carry out a "surgical nuclear strike" against China to eliminate the threat of China once and for all.

American President Nixon believed that the existence of a strong China was in line with the strategic interests of the West, and the Soviet plot could not be allowed to succeed, so he decided to disclose this information of the Soviet Union to China.

However, China and the United States have been enemies for 30 years and have deep grievances. Since China and the United States have no diplomatic relations, Nixon was worried about submitting this information directly to China, and China might not believe it.

After careful consideration, the United States decided to let the Washington Star, a little-known newspaper in the United States, leak this information and expose the Soviet Union's "surgical nuclear strike" plan, focusing on Changchun, Anshan, Jiuquan, Xichang and other important places in China.

The release of information caused an uproar in the world, accusing the Soviet Union of having such a bad plan.

Brezhnev cursed angrily: Americans don't keep their promises! The Americans betrayed us!

Facing the threat from the Soviet side, Chairman Mao put forward a national war preparation campaign of "digging deep holes and accumulating grain".

At the same time, Chairman Mao also put forward a famous strategic policy: if the Soviet Union dares to use nuclear weapons against China, China's army will rush into the Soviet Union, and China will emigrate to the Soviet Union, wage guerrilla warfare in the Soviet Union and settle down in the Soviet Union.

Chairman Mao also explained: China's living environment has been destroyed, and life can't go on. The Soviet Union is vast and sparsely populated with abundant resources, so it is necessary for the people of China to move.

Brezhnev was too scared to move.

After Chairman Mao issued the call for "preparing for war", it was just before the National Day. Premier Zhou reported: "Ye Jianying, Chen Yi, Xu and Nie are worried about the Soviet attack on National Day. Will there be a National Day rally this year? "

Chairman Mao laughed heartily: "Why not do it? If you are afraid of others, I'd like to open my eyes and see how powerful the atomic bomb is? "

The prime minister still feels uneasy and hesitant.

Chairman Mao suggested: "If it really doesn't work, we will also put two atomic bombs to scare them and make them nervous for two days. When they understand, our festival will be over. "

So, 1969 On September 28th and 29th, China successfully exploded two atomic bombs in Lop Nur.

The Soviet Union's monitoring satellite received a signal to guess China's nuclear test, which was a test method before the war.

Chairman Mao's decision frightened Brezhnev, and he began to stop the nuclear attack on China.

Chairman Mao, who has always been an insight into the global situation, has keenly captured that Americans are actively showing kindness to China through this incident.

Although the United States has been China's biggest enemy since the founding of New China, it can even be said to be a deadly enemy. However, countries are different from individuals, and there are no eternal friends or enemies between countries, only eternal interests. Since the United States showed goodwill, Chairman Mao thought: We can explore the possibility of joint confrontation between China and the United States against the Soviet Union.

Chairman Mao directly named four coaches, Chen Yi, Xu, Nie and Ye Jianying, to study China's strategic orientation towards the Soviet Union and the United States.

The four coaches lived up to expectations and quickly came to the conclusion that China could play the American card strategically.

Ye Jianying also used a historical story to make a vivid metaphor: China, the United States and the Soviet Union are equivalent to Wei, Shu and Wu, and China should learn from Zhuge Liang's strategic policy of "uniting Sun and Wu in the east and rejecting Cao and Wei in the north" and unite the United States against the Soviet Union.

1970 In August, China's old friend edgar snow visited China. Chairman Mao thought it was a good opportunity to repay Nixon's kindness, so he invited Si Nuo to board Tiananmen Gate on National Day, and they reviewed the National Day military parade side by side.

China National Day invited Americans to stand at Tiananmen Gate, which was unimaginable in the past.

Si Nuo asked: "China leaders never do anything without purpose in public. Why? "

Chairman Mao said, "I'll put an experimental balloon first and touch the sensory nerves in America."

Premier Zhou only carefully arranged photos for Chairman Mao, Mr. and Mrs. Si Nuo and the translator, while others made technical treatment.

This photo was published on the front page of People's Daily. Obviously, this is an implicit and profound message from China to the United States.

Surprisingly, this important photo was ignored by Kissinger, who later wrote in his memoirs: "Chairman Mao and Premier Zhou overestimated our ability to observe things keenly, and the information they conveyed was so circuitous that we careless Westerners simply didn't understand the true meaning."

197 1 March, another opportunity came. 3 1 The World Table Tennis Championships were held in Nagoya, Japan, and China and China did not establish diplomatic relations. For safety reasons, the Japanese table tennis team delegation is not going to participate.

Premier Zhou thought it necessary to attend and asked Chairman Mao for instructions. Chairman Mao gave instructions: "Our team will go. Even if we die, we can't be afraid of suffering and death."

China delegation's attitude of "friendship first, competition second" left a deep impression on athletes from other countries, and they exchanged skills with athletes from China.

One day, American athlete glenn cowan missed the bus and got on the bus of an athlete from China. Zhuang Zedong, an athlete from China, had a warm conversation with him, took photos as a souvenir and gave gifts to each other.

Cohen said that if the China delegation invited him, he would visit China.

Zhuang Zedong promised to ask for instructions from his superiors.

Chairman Mao decided to formally send an invitation to the American table tennis delegation.

1971April 10, the American table tennis delegation came to Beijing for a week-long visit and exchange.

The American table tennis delegation received a high-standard reception from China, which was reported by the world's major media.

Nixon received the signal from Chairman Mao this time and understood it accurately. He was so excited that he was about to send an ambassador to China to contact the French ambassador to France. However, the Pakistani ambassador to the United States Hillary Clinton immediately brought him a message from Premier Zhou.

Premier Zhou said: "There is no need to bypass Paris. The China administration is willing to openly receive the special envoy of the US President in Beijing. "

Nixon was afraid of causing unnecessary trouble and sent Kissinger to South Vietnam, Thailand, India and Pakistan for a ten-day visit.

Actually, it's all a cover-up. Kissinger secretly boarded a plane in Pakistan on July 9 and flew to Beijing.

Kissinger stayed in Beijing for 48 hours and held talks with Premier Zhou 17 hours, focusing on the important issues of Nixon's visit to China.

Nixon made full preparations for his visit to China, read a lot of Chairman Mao's poems and even practiced how to make chopsticks eat.

1972 February 2 1 day, US President Nixon and his wife arrived at Beijing Airport successfully by the "Air Force One" special plane developed by Boeing Company.

At that time, foreign heads of state were received, and China sent a 155 honor guard. This time, there were as many as 360 people, and Premier Zhou had already waited at the airport.

Nixon got off the plane and saw this scene. He held Premier Zhou's hand in high spirits and excitement and refused to let go.

Premier Zhou said humorously, "Mr. President, your hand has reached across the widest Pacific Ocean. Welcome. "

Later, Nixon and Premier Zhou arrived at Diaoyutai State Guesthouse in a "Red Flag" car.

When Nixon entered the room to have a rest, he saw a poster on the wall that said, "Down with American imperialism!" " "

Nixon believes that this is intentional. He was so angry that he didn't rest at all. He wants to ask Chairman Mao clearly.

As a rule, Chairman Mao usually receives foreign heads of state only the day before they return home. Out of concern for Sino-US relations, Chairman Mao decided to meet Nixon at 3 pm that day.

Nixon was still dissatisfied with the poster on the hotel wall. After shaking hands with Chairman Mao, the distraught Nixon first asked Chairman Mao, "Mr. Chairman, why did you put the slogan on the wall of your hotel?" Is it because you hate our guts? "

When this was said, the atmosphere at the scene became tense. No one expected that the dialogue between the two heads of state would start with a question.

All Nixon's receptions were arranged by Premier Zhou himself, but he didn't expect such a mistake. Premier Zhou looked at Chairman Mao and felt deeply guilty.

Unexpectedly, Chairman Mao smiled, and then calmly said three words to Nixon: "Empty gun"!

"Empty cannon"? Nixon was puzzled after hearing this. He doesn't understand what an empty gun means.

Premier Zhou instantly understood Chairman Mao's intention, and immediately added: "Chairman means that just as you call for the elimination of socialism every day, we also call for the overthrow of American imperialism every day, but we only hear its voice and do nothing. This is an empty gun. "

Nixon also smiled. He didn't expect Chairman Mao to be so humorous.

In order to avoid embarrassment as much as possible, Chairman Mao and Nixon first talked about philosophy, and their words and deeds showed Chairman Mao's extremely high political wisdom.

Compared with Chairman Mao's ease, Nixon lost all the talkativeness in American politics. Instead, he was too excited by Chairman Mao's humor to speak. He tries to stay as calm as possible, but he always falls behind inadvertently.

According to Chairman Mao's physical condition, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs has scheduled the meeting for about 15 minutes in advance. But for the sake of the overall situation of Sino-US relations and the future of the new China, Chairman Mao gritted his teeth and insisted on communicating with Nixon for 65 minutes.

Chairman Mao conquered Nixon with his wisdom, wit, wit and philosophical thinking, and made Nixon know a unique China leader.

Nixon carefully prepared three gifts for his visit to China:

One is two American fir trees.

One of them just arrived in China and withered due to insect pests. The other one was cultivated in Hangzhou and has been growing vigorously.

The other is a pair of musk oxen.

Musk oxen were sent to Beijing Zoo for breeding. One of them died in 1975, and the other lived to 1980.

The third is the detailed latitude and longitude map of the sinking of the Japanese "Apomaru" and the list of treasures on board.

The contents of the list are staggering: 40 tons of gold, 0/2 tons of silver/KLOC-0, 40 boxes of cultural relics and artworks, 0/5000 carats of diamonds/KLOC-0, 0/0000 tons of rubber/KLOC-0, tin ingots, rice and 2009 corpses.

Apomaru is150m long, 20m wide and12.6m deep, with a total tonnage of about11250t.

Abo returned from Indonesia, and 2009 Japanese military and political dignitaries, diplomats and their families in Southeast Asia boarded the ship with nearly 10,000 tons of goods.

On April 1945, 1, the Apomaru sailed to the waters of Niu Shan in the Taiwan Province Strait and was sunk by the US military with four torpedoes.

During the three years from 1977 to 1980, more than 600 divers in China made 3,600 dives. 54 18 tons of materials were salvaged, with a value of more than 50 million yuan, and 368 Japanese remains were salvaged.

Nixon also gave Chairman Mao four personal gifts: a porcelain swan, a crystal glass vase, Nixon's business card and a goblet.

Porcelain swan

Fired in Bohm Ceramic Art Center, New Jersey, USA, it is very beautiful. Unfortunately, the swan's fifth feather was broken during transportation. Although glue is used, it has obvious defects.

Nixon was embarrassed to apologize to Chairman Mao.

Chairman Mao solved Nixon's embarrassment with a pun: "Didn't Sino-US relations also connect you?"

If you don't want to be indecent, Chairman Mao will naturally return the favor and return Nixon's four "Dahongpao".

Gu Song weighed four taels of tea and thought it was too little. He felt that Chairman Mao looked down on him, and his heart was uncomfortable and his expression was a bit strange.

Seeing Nixon unhappy, Premier Zhou explained, "This is not enough for you, but it is half of what Chairman Mao gave you."

Nixon was confused. How can a mere four taels of tea have anything to do with half the country?

Knowing that Song did not understand, Premier Zhou went on to explain that there were only three mother trees in Dahongpao, and the yield was extremely limited. Chairman Mao only has eight taels. I'll give you four taels a word, which is half the country.

Things are scarce, so Nixon suddenly spoke and treasured four taels of tea.

When Nixon left, he asked Chairman Mao for Mo Bao. Chairman Mao readily agreed, splash-ink wrote 12 words:

LaoSou, the Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon, a tour.

Seeing the words 12, Nixon looked at the flowers in the fog and was at a loss.

No one in the entourage could understand it, and CIA experts studied it carefully and didn't understand the mystery.

The meaning of this word has not been determined until nearly half a century.

This word 12, compared with Chairman Mao's solemn and magnificent poems before, is really not mysterious and abstruse, but "mysterious and mysterious, the door to wonders".

Chairman Mao never explained the true meaning of the word 12, which became an unsolved mystery. Opinions have been divided for a long time American Ross Terrill, who wrote and published Biography of Mao Zedong and Old Age of Mao Zedong, gave this explanation:

The Old Man Sitting on a Stool is about an old man sitting on a stool, implying that the old man refers to the United States, looking at the whole world proudly, but not knowing that the world is changing quietly, and the American emperor can't keep up with the situation, which is suspected of sitting on a well and watching the sky.

The Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon is an ancient legend, which tells the story of a woman flying to the moon. The artificial satellite "Dongfanghong-1" launched by China shows China's powerful scientific and technological strength.

Mao Zedong used this idiom to imply that Nixon's visit to China was very short, just like a cursory tour.

Ross Terrill's explanation of this 12 seems reasonable, but careful analysis is always far-fetched.

So, what is the real meaning of the word 12 given to Nixon by Chairman Mao?

The author thinks:

The "old man" in The Old Man Sitting on a Bench does not refer to Nixon, but to Chairman Mao himself.

First of all, when Chairman Mao met Nixon, Chairman Mao was 79 years old, calling himself an "old man" was in line with his age orientation, while Nixon was 59 years old, so it was not suitable to call him an "old man".

Secondly, when Nixon visited China, the international situation was turbulent and the world was very restless. Chairman Mao used "the old man sitting on a stool" to mean that he was sitting on a stool, watching the clouds roll and relax, listening to the flowers bloom and fall, and listening to the ebb and flow, no matter how big the storm is, I still am.

This is Chairman Mao, whom we are familiar with. He is self-respecting, confident, calm, arrogant and different.

Second, Chairman Mao quoted the allusions of "the Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon". First, he affirmed that Apollo 1 1 landed on the moon. Second, he told Nixon that there were stories about landing on the moon in ancient China. In the near future, China people will surely land on the moon.

Sincere pride, confidence, humor and romance are exactly what we admire about Chairman Mao.

Third, Chairman Mao quoted this idiom to tell Nixon:

He came and went in a hurry and didn't really know China. Only through long-term and in-depth contact, mutual understanding and mutual respect can China and the United States establish a stable, harmonious and win-win relationship between the two countries.

This is a signal released by Chairman Mao to Nixon to further develop Sino-US relations.

In the 1970s, Chairman Mao attached great importance to Sino-US relations and hoped that China and the United States would establish good diplomatic relations, which was an important strategic decision made by Chairman Mao under the historical background at that time.

Chairman Mao 12 words, "Old people sit on stools, the Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon, and have a quick look at flowers", reflect Chairman Mao's broad mind, rich experience and profound education, and there are many free and easy romances of poets, great talents of politicians and majestic atmosphere of great country leaders between the lines.