Do you know the rise and fall history of the three shogunates in Japan and the history of weavers?

Before the establishment of the Kamakura shogunate, it was a peaceful period in Japan, a prosperous time in ancient Japan, and the most prosperous era of the Japanese emperor's regime. However, when everything reaches its peak, it will inevitably begin to decline. There are many reasons for the gradual loss of the emperor's power, such as political, economic, cultural and military reasons. The most important reason is the emergence of "customs politics" in the last years of Ping 'an. The politics of customs clearance is very simple, that is to say, the powerful public aristocrats have mastered the power and overhead the emperor. In fact, this is a way to marry the royal family. This noble family is the four families of Fujiwara. They claim to be heroes who "bring forth the old and bring forth the new", and they are favored by emperors of past dynasties, monopolizing state affairs, and gradually the emperor can't control them. Fujiwara married his daughter into the royal family, married the emperor, gave birth to a son and became the heir to the throne. Then, after the death of the old emperor, the little emperor succeeded. Fujiwara family members occupied the most important position of "Guan Bai" in the name of assisting the young emperor, which was passed down from generation to generation. This is "breaking away from politics". In the later period, the life of the imperial court was extravagant and decadent, and the people exploited the people at will, especially the martial arts in the wild, but they looked down on suppressing the martial arts everywhere in political and social status.

The Wu family is a new landlord class in opposition, with both young people and emerging lords. Although they have no political rights in the imperial court and their social status is not as noble as that of public nobles, they control the local economic strength, especially they have a strong private army.

The contradiction between the people and the Takeshi family became more and more serious, and eventually "Pingmen Rebellion" and "Fujiwara Rebellion" broke out. Although the rise of the Pingjia samurai finally quelled the chaos twice, the status of the Wu family, especially its military status, was recognized by the court. In the subsequent Chang Rebellion, the imperial forces were obviously insufficient, and the fighting capacity of generals and soldiers was low, so we had to send another samurai army, the Qinghe Genji Army. Since then, the root armor warrior has risen.

After these changes, samurai finally appeared and stood on the historical stage of Japan. Pingjia and Yuanjia became the two leaders of all military schools in Japan, and started the "Yuan Ping dispute". At first, Pingjia mastered the imperial court and surpassed Yuanjia in all aspects. Then Yuanjia gained the upper hand. After some tug-of-war, the dispute between Yuan Ping ended in the final victory of Yuan Jia. During this period, there appeared many famous military commanders and stories, such as Yuan Yijing and Benkei Musashibo. In a word, Pingqing flourished and declined, and Yuan Laichao killed his own enemy, thus destroying the last army of Pingjia. 1 185, the shogunate was founded in kamakura, 1 192, and the Yuanlai dynasty was named as a "foreign general", thus Japan entered the era of shogunate politics in which the emperor had no right.

The Kamakura shogunate is the ninth generation, about 140.

2. Muromachi shogunate.

At the end of Kamakura shogunate, shogunate politics declined day by day, and local nobles and people became increasingly dissatisfied with the rule of shogunate. At this time, the emperor's family, which had been silent for more than 65,438+040 years, was ready to move. In particular, the emperor's inheritance right was controlled by the Kamakura shogunate, and there were two imperial systems, namely "Jimyoin series" and "Daigakuji series". The emperor's right to inherit is often controversial. Later, the Kamakura shogunate presided over the inheritance of these two systems, and designated Daigo's successor as gonizyouteNnou's son, which deprived Daigo's son of the right of inheritance. As a direct cause, Emperor Godego actively launched an all-round political, cultural and military campaign.

After the "change in the middle" movement, the politics of Kamakura shogunate was in jeopardy. In addition, the shogunate at that time was ruled by Kosuke Kitajima, and Kosuke Kitajima was unpopular when his position was high. The local martial arts nobles rebelled one after another, and the people began to rise up. The troops sent by the shogunate to suppress were either destroyed or defected. The most famous time was when the shogunate's conquering general Ashikaga Ilong suddenly raised the banner of rebellion during the battle, Ueno Hirozu. 1333, Takashi Kitajima and his family committed suicide. The kamakura shogunate perished.

However, it is useless to reuse these military commanders after Daigo has mastered the affairs of state. On the contrary, he only appointed public nobles to be in charge of state affairs, which caused dissatisfaction among military commanders involved in advancing to the Kamakura shogunate. Finally, the Ashikazu family (that is, the Ashikazu family, which was awarded a statue by the emperor for its positive actions) rose again, expelled Daigo, the Go, and changed Ming Yingzong to the new emperor. Ming Yingzong named the Ashikazu family "Zheng" as the Northern Dynasty.

Daigo, who was expelled from Weiqi, fled to Yoshino, Yamato, with "three artifacts" of the Japanese Emperor's family, a Kusanagi sword, an eight-foot jade hook and eight mirrors, and became the Southern Dynasty. Since then, Japan has entered an era of opposition between the Northern and Southern Dynasties.

After many attacks and defenses, the power of the Southern Dynasties declined. Finally, the Southern Dynasty emperor handed over these three artifacts to the Northern Dynasty emperor, ending the era of the Southern and Northern Dynasties.

The influence of Japan's Southern and Northern Dynasties lasted until modern times. After Emperor Meiji succeeded to the throne, Yukio Qiushui raised the question of whether Emperor Meiji was orthodox. After discussion, it is stipulated that the emperor of the Southern Dynasty is the Japanese orthodoxy, and the emperor of the Northern Dynasty keeps his name, but it is not included in the orthodoxy. This is another story.

From the establishment of the Muromachi shogunate in 1336 to the end of the Southern and Northern Dynasties in 1392, the regime was stabilized during the third generation of general ashikaga yoshimitsu (ashikaga yoshimitsu is well known to everyone, and this clever general was in recess).

Muromachi shogunate has16th generation generals (that is to say,10th generation generals and12nd generation generals are the same person, and10th generation generals Ashikaga Cai Yi retired from the Ming-English rebellion, and later he was reset as a general and renamed Ashikaga Yi Chan). 1573, the last general, Ashikaga Yoshiaki, was expelled by Yasuda Ota, and the Muromachi shogunate perished, which lasted for about 237 years.

3. edo shogunate.

The Japanese entered the Warring States Period from the 1467 Ren Ying Rebellion at the end of Muromachi Shogunate. There are many sayings about the end of the Warring States Period. Personally, I prefer that before 16 15, Tokugawa Ieyasu defeated Toyotomi Hideyori in the summer battle in Osaka, and the Toyotomi family perished. This period covers the end of Muromachi shogunate and the whole Antutao Mountain era.

Everyone in Japan is familiar with the Warring States Period. In a word, there are many famous soldiers fighting in disorder. Nobunaga Oda, Saitō Dō san, Tokugawa Ieyasu, Masanobu Uesugi, Takeda Shingen, Shikang Kitajima, Imagawa Yoshimoto, Chousokabe Motochika and Maori Yuan are also numerous. These are all names. There are many military commanders under them. There are countless titles of three men, four kings, seven guns, ten warriors, sixteen gods and twenty-four generals ... I won't list them one by one ... Before the world's armament was completed, Nobuyuki Oda suffered the change of Beneng Temple, and the gradually unified world suddenly fell apart, and his men were divided into several factions to fight with each other. Yuchai Hideyoshi gradually won, among which Tokugawa Ieyasu's vision and political sense of smell have to be said. Tokugawa Ieyasu has been his ally for a long time, and he stuck to it until the end. When Nobunaga surrounded the net twice, when Nobunaga's career was the most difficult, Tokugawa Ieyasu (then also known as Matsuhei Yuankang) stood firmly on Nobunaga's side and was once his only ally. On the battlefield, you can always see brave soldiers from the Three Rivers rushing in front of the troops, followed by soldiers from Andy and MINO. Tokugawa Ieyasu killed his eldest son to weave nobunaga. After the death of Yasuda Oda, Toyotomi Hideyoshi (that is, Toyotomi Hideyoshi Hatoyama, Toyotomi Hideyoshi is the surname given by the Emperor) also saw the strength of Tokugawa Ieyasu, an ally. Especially after the battle of small grazing and long-term hand in hand, Toyotomi Hideyoshi thought that Tokugawa Ieyasu could not be eliminated, so he turned to constantly win over Konka. In fact, Toyotomi Hideyoshi also had the idea of becoming a general. He wanted to conquer foreigners and establish a shogunate. However, because Toyotomi Hideyoshi was born in a relatively low background, he didn't have his own retainers and generals. He was afraid that others would not accept him. After careful consideration, he accepted the position of Guan Bai. Later, he retired from Guan Bai's post and became a cabinet member. Thanks to Toyotomi Hideyoshi's efforts, the names of these four places were conquered and Japan was reunified. But it didn't last long. After Toyotomi Hideyoshi's death, rumors spread everywhere. In the new era, no matter where, the names of the old military commanders are dead, and no one is Tokugawa Ieyasu's opponent. As one of the five practices of Toyotomi Hideyoshi orphan Toyotomi Hideyori, Ishida Mitsunari believed that Tokugawa Ieyasu threatened the rule of the Toyotomi family, so he contacted celebrities from all over the country to impeach Tokugawa Ieyasu. Finally, the battle of Guanyuan broke out in 1600, and the names of all Japan were divided into the East Army. In the end, Dong Jun of Tokugawa Ieyasu won, and Tokugawa Ieyasu's power was in full swing. 1603, Tokugawa Ieyasu was appointed as a foreign general, and the edo shogunate was established (in order to become a foreign general, Tokugawa Ieyasu once changed his family lineage. It is said that there is an unwritten rule that a foreign general must have Genji family lineage, so he changed his surname to Tokugawa, claiming to be Genji family. 1605, Tokugawa Ieyasu retired from the position of general and handed over the position to three of his men, Xiuzhong. Xiuzhong became Taisho and lived in Fujun City in seclusion, but in fact he still manipulated everything of the shogunate. Later, Toyotomi Hideyori was defeated in the Osaka Summer Campaign, the Toyotomi family was completely destroyed, and the Tokugawa shogunate was consolidated.

Edo shogunate * * *