Analysis on the Construction of Ecological Campus Greening in Shandong University of Technology?

Analysis on the Construction of Ecological Campus Greening in Shandong University of Technology _ Bi Sen You Xin _ Architectural Design _ Architectural Chinese Network Landscaping is an important means to beautify the campus. The beauty of a campus, in addition to being good at using topography, roads, rivers and buildings to match the environment in campus planning, design and construction, can also reflect the beauty of the campus flexibly and skillfully, and can also use the different shapes, colors, uses and styles of trees and flowers to configure a green space with rich colors in four seasons. In campus buildings, trees, shrubs, flowers and turf are layered on top of each other. It not only makes the campus covered with green clothes, but also its magnificent colors are accompanied by fragrant flowers, dotted in trees and lush green shade, which can play a role in making the finishing point and icing on the cake.

1. Campus greening construction

1. 1 Campus greening plays a great role.

1. 1. 1 beautify the environment

Landscaping is an important means to beautify the campus. The beauty of a campus, in addition to being good at using topography, roads, rivers and buildings to match the environment in campus planning, design and construction, can also reflect the beauty of the campus flexibly and skillfully, and can also use the different shapes, colors, uses and styles of trees and flowers to configure a green space with rich colors in four seasons. In campus buildings, trees, shrubs, flowers and turf are layered on top of each other. It not only makes the campus covered with green clothes, but also its magnificent colors are accompanied by fragrant flowers, dotted among trees and lush, which can make the finishing touch and add icing on the cake, creating a beautiful, fresh and comfortable learning and living environment for teachers and students.

1. 1.2 purifying air

Garden plants play a unique role in purifying air. They can absorb soot dust, harmful gases, carbon dioxide and release oxygen, all of which play a good role in purifying the air.

1. 1.2. 1 absorbs smoke and dust.

Dust in the air and dust flying out of factories are harmful substances that pollute the environment. Because the school is located in Zibo, a heavy industrial base, the total weight of these dust particles in the atmosphere is amazing. Every time 1 ton of coal is burned, 1 1 kg of dust will be discharged. In addition to coal dust, there are dusts produced by crushing industrial raw materials, including metal dust, mineral dust, plant dust and animal dust. Dust not only contains particles such as carbon and lead, but also sometimes contains pathogenic bacteria. When it enters the nasal cavity and trachea, it is easy to cause rhinitis, bronchitis, asthma and other diseases. Some dust enters the lungs, which will cause serious diseases such as silicosis and pneumonia. After planting trees, trees can greatly reduce the dust and dust in the air. The role of trees in absorbing and filtering dust is manifested in two aspects: on the one hand, because trees have dense branches and leaves, they have a powerful role in reducing wind speed, and with the decrease of wind speed, the large dust carried in the airflow decreases. On the other hand, because the leaves of some trees are rough and fluffy, they secrete viscous oil or juice, which can absorb a lot of dust and floating dust in the air. After being washed away by rain, dusty trees can restore their dust retention function.

The total leaf area of trees is very large. According to statistics, the sum of forest leaf area is dozens of times of forest area. Therefore, it has a great ability to absorb trapped smoke and dust. According to the preliminary determination of general industrial areas in China, the concentration of floating dust in the air in green areas is less than that in non-green areas 10%-50%. It can be seen that trees are natural filters of air.

Lawn plants also have a good dust retention effect, because the leaf area of lawn plants is 22-28 times that of lawn. According to the test, the dust content over the football field with lawn is 2/3-5/6 less than that over the football field without lawn.

1. 1.2.2. Absorb harmful gases.

Sulfur dioxide and other toxic gases produced in industrial production are the main harmful gases produced by smelting enterprises, which are large in quantity, widely distributed and harmful. When the concentration of sulfur dioxide in the air reaches 0.00 1%, people will have difficulty breathing and cannot work for a long time; When it reaches 0.04%, people will die soon. Many trees can absorb harmful gases. For example, Cryptomeria fortunei 1 hectare can absorb 60 kilograms of sulfur dioxide every month. Under the condition of sulfur dioxide pollution, the sulfur content of Ailanthus altissima leaves can reach 29.8 times of normal sulfur content and 8 times of oleander.

1. 1.2.3 absorbs carbon dioxide and releases oxygen.

Because the campus population is relatively concentrated, people not only exhale carbon dioxide and absorb oxygen on campus, but also emit a lot of carbon dioxide and oxygen when various fuels are burned.

Trees are consumers of carbon dioxide and natural producers of oxygen. Trees absorb carbon dioxide in photosynthesis and release oxygen necessary for human survival. Generally 1 ha broad-leaved forest can absorb 1 ton of carbon dioxide and release 570 kg of oxygen every day during the growing season. If an adult needs 0.75 kg of oxygen and emits 0.9 kg of carbon dioxide every day, then everyone has a forest area of 10 square meter, which can consume the carbon dioxide emitted by breathing and supply the needed oxygen. It can be seen that street trees and lawns on campus play an important role in regulating air. This is why people feel the air is particularly fresh in places with dense trees.

1. 1.3 adjusting climate trees can absorb heat, shade and increase air humidity.

1. 1.3. 1. During the growth of trees, it takes about 300-400 kg of water to form 1 kg of dry matter, because 99.8% of the water absorbed by the roots of trees will evaporate, leaving only 0.2% for photosynthesis, so the humidity of the air in the forest is 38% higher than that in the campus, and the humidity in the park is 27% higher than that in other parts of the campus. 1 hectare broad-leaved forest can transpiration 2500 tons of water in summer, which is equivalent to the evaporation of reservoirs in the same area and 20 times higher than that of land in the same area. According to the survey, the monthly transpiration of Pinus tabulaeformis is 43.6-50.2 tons per hectare, and the daily transpiration of poplar forests in Canada is 5 1.2 tons. Because of the strong transpiration of trees, increased water vapor and moist air, the humidity in green area is 65,438+00-20% higher than that in non-green area. It has created a cool and comfortable climate environment for people's production and life.

1. 1.3.2. Adjusting the temperature The temperature in the green area is often lower than that in the building area. This is because trees can reduce the direct sunlight on the ground and consume a lot of heat to transpiration the water absorbed from the roots and make nutrients. Especially in summer, the temperature in the green space is 3-5℃ lower than that in the non-green space, but about 10℃ lower than that in the building area, and it is densely shaded. Even in the grass without trees, the temperature is lower than that in the open space without turf. According to the measurement, the temperature of asphalt pavement in July and August is 30-40℃, while that of grassland is only 22-24℃. In summer, the bare surface temperature of treeless campus is extremely high, far exceeding its temperature. When the maximum temperature of the open square is 3 1.2℃ at the height of 1.5 m, the maximum ground temperature can reach 43℃, while the ground temperature in the green space is much lower than that in the open square, which is generally 10- 17.8℃.

The windproof effect of trees is remarkable. In winter, green space can not only reduce the wind speed by 20%, but also keep calm for a longer time than non-green space. Proper close planting of trees can increase the windproof effect. It is windy in spring, and the effect of green space on reducing wind speed increases with the increase of wind speed. This is because the wind speed is high, and the swing and friction of branches and leaves are also great. At the same time, when the airflow passes through the green space, it is blocked, rubbed and shaded by trees, which consumes the energy of the airflow. In autumn, green land can reduce the wind speed by 70-80%, and the quiet wind time is longer than that of non-green land.

1. 1.4 Reduce noise.

The population near the campus is concentrated, the traffic is frequent, all kinds of machines and motors are noisy, and cars, trains, planes and construction sites roar and scream, which often makes people in a noisy environment, which not only affects people's normal life, hinders their sleep and conversation, but also makes people upset, hearing impaired or even deaf, and easily causes fatigue.

Dense trees can absorb and block noise. According to the measurement, the 40-meter-wide forest belt can reduce the noise 10- 15 decibels; The forest in the park can reduce noise by 26-43 decibels; Compared with non-green streets, green streets can reduce noise by 8- 10 decibels. According to experiments, the explosion of 3 kilograms of TNT explosive, the sound travels 4 kilometers in the air, but it can only reach more than 400 meters in the forest. In the forest, sound travels a short distance because trees scatter sound waves. When the sound wave passes, the branches and leaves swing, which weakens the sound wave and gradually disappears. At the same time, the pores and coarse hairs on the surface of leaves can absorb noise like the porous fiber sound-absorbing board in the cinema.

1. 1.5 sterilization.

All kinds of bacteria are scattered in the air, and the content of bacteria in public places on campus is the highest. Plants can reduce the number of bacteria in the air, on the one hand, because the dust in the air in green areas is reduced, thus reducing bacteria, on the other hand, plants themselves have bactericidal effect. The water extract of Sanguisorba officinalis root can kill the pathogens of typhoid fever, paratyphoid fever A and paratyphoid fever B and Shigella dysenteriae strains within 65438 0 minutes. 0. 1 g ground rough buds can even kill flies in 1 s. 1 ha juniper Berlin can secrete 30 kilograms of bactericide every day, which can kill diphtheria, tuberculosis, typhoid fever, dysentery and other germs.

1.2 Current situation of campus greening

At present, the campus greening area has basically reached a high level, with hundreds of plant species. However, due to the lack of planning, campus greening highlights some problems: the integrity of roads, buildings, green spaces and lighting is not good, and the relationship between them is not prominent enough. The configuration of plants is also chaotic because of excessive pursuit of diversity and change; In the selection of trees and shrubs, there are too many kinds of plants in some areas, and the changes of tree species and tree height are lack of discipline.

In addition, the management and maintenance cost of campus green space increases with the increase of green space area, and excessive expenditure brings a certain burden to the school.

1.3 Discussion on Campus Greening Management Mode

1.3. 1 set up a special campus greening management team and formulate detailed laws and regulations to ensure that there are laws to follow and rules to follow in future campus greening.

1.3.2 Implement the green space adoption system.

Divide the campus green space into different areas, use the university and cultural effects and advertising effects to recruit green space adopters for social enterprises and groups. The units that adopt green space will allocate a sum of money for the maintenance and maintenance of green space every year, and the school will make a billboard for the units that adopt green space on the corresponding green space. Work-study program posts can be set up internally, and entrusted managers of green space can be recruited for students of the College of Life Sciences. This not only saves the school's annual expenditure on green space maintenance, but also provides students with aid posts and promotes the connection between the school and society, which can be said to be multifaceted.

2. Humanized landscape design

Some inconspicuous places in ecological design often shine brightly because of their outstanding humanization. The following points are some ideas about humanized landscape design.

2. 1 Set a simple campus map behind each street sign on campus. For people who have lived in school for a long time, maps are of little use, but for freshmen, teachers and strangers who come to school to find someone to do things, maps are of great use.

2.2 On both sides of the main road of the campus, especially where the teaching staff wait for the bus, stone benches are set for rest.

2.3 Setting up IC telephone booths on roadsides and teaching buildings can facilitate teachers and students to make phone calls anytime and anywhere, and make up for the shortcomings of campus culture.

2.4 Designate a special parking area for bicycles, motorcycles and cars. They are all parked indiscriminately, so as to rectify the current situation of campus parking. Take the front of the teaching building 13 as an example, the main passages in the building are full of cars, which brings a lot of inconvenience to pedestrians and some security risks. If there is an emergency in the teaching building, this parking mode will bring serious consequences. Secondly, passing pedestrians also bring many hidden dangers to cars parked on the road.

2.5 Change the school fence into a hedge. On the one hand, it can facilitate the entry and exit of various animals and promote the diversity of campus species. On the other hand, a broad vision can make people feel comfortable, which is more conducive to the work and study of teachers and students.

2.6 Noise pollution countermeasures. At present, the noise in the campus mainly comes from cars outside the campus, especially the cars behind the second and third apartments, which is extremely serious and seriously affects the normal life of students. Ginkgo biloba is the main tree species planted in this area. Because of its slow growth, it is difficult to reduce noise in a short time. Therefore, it is suggested to replant some tall plants in this area, such as Populus tomentosa. In addition, the school radio station is also a big noise source, and the rest time at noon every day and the broadcast of the fourth class in the afternoon will affect the study and rest of most students. Considering the particularity of the nature of radio stations, it is suggested that radio stations adjust their broadcast time.

3. Classified recycling of campus garbage

3. 1 Present situation of campus garbage

At present, campus garbage mainly includes waste paper, waste plastic bags and waste batteries. Among the three types of garbage, waste plastic bags are frightening white pollution, and waste batteries are even more "resource killers". However, there are many shortcomings in campus garbage disposal. First, there is no classification of garbage, there is only one kind of trash can. Second, the location of the trash can is not reasonable enough. For example, there are no trash cans in some public places in the classroom.

3.2 Design and rational layout of classified garbage bins

3.3 Management of dustbins

The implementation of garbage sorting and recycling system needs a period of adaptation. In view of the high quality of people in universities, the adaptation time is much shorter than that in society, and the garbage sorting and recycling scheme is easier to implement. For the management of garbage bins, * * * will be cleaned by cleaning staff during the adaptation period. After the adaptation period, the garbage bin management will be contracted, and whoever contracts will benefit from cleaning. In the long run, you can save a lot of money.

4. Moderate publicity

The construction of ecological campus needs the participation of all teachers and students, and the concept of ecological campus construction is deeply rooted in the hearts of the school through various effective ways. Specific ways can include running newspapers, giving lectures, watching educational films and so on.

Campus is the campus of all teachers and students, and the construction of ecological campus is related to everyone's study, life and physical and mental health. As long as scientific and effective measures are implemented, the ecological campus construction of Shandong University of Technology can not only be realized, but also not far away.

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