The origin of the surname "Qu"

The origin of the surname

The surname Qu (Qū) has a pure origin and comes from two sources:

1. It comes from the surname Ji, which is named after the place. According to "Customs", during the ancient Zhou Dynasty, King Wu of Zhou sealed his third son in the land of Jin. This prince was named Shuyu. The eighth-generation grandson of Shu Yu was the Marquis of Jin Mu of the Spring and Autumn Period of Jin. Marquis Jin of Jin appointed his young son as a guru to the leader of the Quwona people (in the northeast of present-day Wenxi County, Shanxi Province). His descendants became Taking the name of the fiefdom as his surname, he became the Quwo family. Later, it was changed to the single surname Qu, and then the Qu family was passed down from generation to generation.

2. It originated from Qu Ni, the minister of King Jie of Xia, and his descendants also formed a surname named Qu.

The ancestor of the surname: Uncle Quwohuan. Chengshi, a native of the Jin Dynasty during the Western Zhou Dynasty and the early Eastern Zhou Dynasty, the ninth grandson of Shu Yu, the third son of King Wu of Zhou Dynasty, the son of Mu Houlin, and the younger brother of Wenhou Qiu. When Qiu Zi was the Marquis of Zhao, his uncle was granted the title of Uncle Huan in Quwo. The land of Quwo is larger than the capital of Jin. In addition, Uncle Huan is highly virtuous and is quite popular among the people of Quwo. Later, Pan Fu, a minister of the Jin Dynasty, killed Zhaohou and replaced Huan Shu. Because the Jin subjects shared the same hatred, Huan Shu was defeated and returned to Quwo, and died in depression a few years later (732 BC). His son Quwo Zhuangbo also raised troops to attack Jin, but to no avail. When it was passed down to his grandson Quwo Wu Gongji, the clan was strong and the people were popular. He killed three monarchs (Aihou, Xiaozihou, Hou Min) in a row and merged them all into the Jin Dynasty. After Wu Gong succeeded the Jin Dynasty, he still had his capital in Yiyi, the capital of the former Jin Dynasty (today's Yicheng, Shanxi Province), and stayed in Quwo's ??clan. Later, he took the place as his surname, named Qu, and respected Uncle Huan of Quwo as the ancestor of the surname.

■Migration Distribution

The surname Qu originated in the Quwo area of ??present-day Shanxi Province, and basically flourished and lived here for a long time after the surname was obtained. During the Warring States Period, the Three Kingdoms were divided into the Jin Dynasty. Some people with the Qu surname entered present-day Hebei and Henan due to official relations or other reasons. However, those with the Qu surname who thrived in their ancestral homelands either moved north to Linfen, present-day Shanxi, or south to present-day Shanxi due to various reasons. , Henan and Shaanxian areas, and then enter Shaanxi. During the Qin Dynasty, there was a censor named Qu Gong, who was the grandson of Uncle Huan of Quwo. During the Han Dynasty, in addition to rapidly multiplying in Linfen, Shaanxi Province, and Shaanxian County, Henan Province, another branch of the Qu family moved north to Yanmen County, where they gradually formed a large settlement. During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the Qu surname was very popular in Linfen, Shaanxi Province, and Shaanxian County, Henan Province, with a prosperous population. The surnames were Pingyang Junwang, Yanmen Junwang, and Shaanjun Junwang. During the Sui and Tang dynasties, the above-mentioned counties with the Qu surname still existed, especially Qu Huan, a native of Anyi, Shaanzhou (now Xia County, Shanxi Province), was an outstanding representative. Some of his descendants who lived in Longyou (now Dongjun, Qinghai) settled here. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, Qu Chengyu entered Annan for official reasons, and his descendants stayed there. During the Song Dynasty and the Song Dynasty, especially after the Zhao and Song dynasties moved east of the Yangtze River, more and more people with the Qu surname moved to the south. In the early Ming Dynasty, the Shanxi Qu surname was one of the surnames of the people who migrated to Hongdong Dahuai tree, and was moved to places such as today's Shaanxi, Gansu, Hebei, Shandong, and Beijing. From then on to the middle of the Qing Dynasty, people with the Qu surname gradually dispersed in Inner Mongolia, Hubei, Guangxi, Guangdong, Yunnan and other provinces. After the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, people with the Qu surname from Shandong, Hebei and other places entered the three northeastern provinces to make a living, and their descendants stayed there. After liberation, with the development of the Great Northern Wilderness, military reclamation, and agricultural reclamation movements, more people with the surname Qu settled in the Northeast. People with the Qu surname basically multiplied and moved around Quwo, Shanxi Province. Before the Ming Dynasty, they mainly lived in Shanxi and at the junction of Shanxi and Henan. It was not until the immigration movement in the early Ming Dynasty that the ancestors of the Qu surname spread to the northern provinces of China. The Ming Dynasty, established after the peasant uprising at the end of the Yuan Dynasty, faced the following situation: on the one hand, the peasant army dealt a heavy blow to the Mongolian and Han aristocrats and landlord classes. The Mongolian ruling group was overthrown and many Han landlords were killed. The feudal rulers' wanton massacres in suppressing the peasant uprising, the internal fighting among the Yuan Dynasty ruling groups, and the melee fighting between local warlords, left the social economy in ruins, the population dropped sharply, and the land was barren. Shandong and Henan regions have long been devastated by the Yuan Dynasty warlords. As a result, the roads are blocked, the people are cut off, and most of them are deserted places. The new dynasty established by Zhu Yuanzhang would obviously not be sustainable if it did not try to change this situation. Therefore, Zhu Yuanzhang took a series of measures to stabilize society and organize production. Among them, farming is a very important measure. There are three types of military settlements: military settlements, civilian settlements, and commercial settlements. Military settlements are the largest and most complete in organization.

As for "immigration to the countryside", the implementation of Mintun was also one of the important measures. Compared with other northern provinces at that time, Shanxi had neither the suffering of war nor the harm of famine. The weather was good, the grain was abundant, the population was prosperous, and the population was large. There were more than 4 million people, which was more than the combined population of Hebei and Henan provinces at that time, so it became the main base for population export. According to genealogical records in villages around Qingdao, especially in the Laoshan area. Most village genealogies record that their ancestors migrated from Yunnan, and the villages with the surname Qu also have similar records. For example, the genealogy of the Qu family in Nanjiang Village, Shazikou Street, begins with: "It is said that our ancestors lived in the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty. Migrated from Dahuaishuli in Yunnan..." Although this is a rumor, combined with other surrounding villages and relevant historical records, it should be said that Nanjiangqu's surname is an immigrant from the Ming Dynasty, which is basically consistent with historical facts. But there is a common problem, that is, most family trees record that their ancestors came from Yunnan rather than Shanxi. Regarding this issue, Guangming Daily published an article titled "Ask Your Ancestors Where They Come From, The Big Locust Tree in Hongdong, Shanxi" as early as before the Cultural Revolution. It cited a large amount of authoritative information and conducted a detailed study. Discussion. Today, Qu surnames are widely distributed across the country, especially in Liaoning, Heilongjiang and other provinces. The Qu surnames in these two provinces account for about 55% of the Qu surnames of the Han nationality in the country. The surname Qu is the 164th surname in China today, accounting for approximately 0.06% of the country's Han population.

■Historical Celebrities

Qu Huan: A native of Anyi in the Tang Dynasty, he was promoted to Sikong and was granted the title of King of Jinchang County. Good at war, good at riding and shooting. During the Tianbao period (742-756), he was awarded General Guo Yi. An Lushan rebelled, defended Dengzhou, pacified Hebei, defeated Tubo, and became famous. Later, he was appointed as the military governor of Chen Xu. He was lenient in taxation and simple in teaching. Within three years, he had a good harvest.

Qu Duan: A native of the Northern Song Dynasty, he was a combination of civility, Taoism and martial arts. He punished corrupt officials and treacherous villains, and the people were happy and lived in peace and contentment. Official Xuanzhou observer envoy, good at reading, good at writing articles, and good at military strategy. Later, he was framed by treacherous officials and died in prison. People felt extremely sorry for him.

Qu Lian: A county official in the Ming Dynasty, he controlled floods, rewarded farming, and had excellent political performance.