Examples of two excellent lesson plans from the Book of Songs

Excellent lesson plan example 1

Learning objectives:

1. Understand the common sense of "The Book of Songs": Feng, Ya, Song, Fu, Bi, Xing.

2. Learn the metaphorical techniques in poetry and the composition of repeated chapters and choruses.

3. Understand the realist tradition of "The Book of Songs" and understand the characteristics of realist creative methods.

4. Understand the lives of ancient working people.

[Teaching time] One class hour

Preview check:

What literary common sense about the Book of Songs have you learned?

Literary common sense Introduction:

The Book of Songs is the earliest poetry collection in my country. It collects 305 poems from about 500 years from the early Western Zhou Dynasty to the middle of the Spring and Autumn Period. In the pre-Qin Dynasty, it was called "Poetry", or the whole number was called "Poetry Three Hundred". It was revered as a Confucian classic during the Western Han Dynasty and was first called the Book of Songs, which is still in use today. The lyrics recorded in "The Book of Songs" are all lyrics that were once included in music. The style of "The Book of Songs" is divided according to the different nature of music, and is divided into three categories: wind, elegance and song.

①Wind is the local music of different regions. "Wind" poems are folk songs collected from 15 regions including Zhounan, Zhaonan, Wei, Tang, Qin, Chen, Hui, Cao, etc. ***160 articles. Most of them are folk songs.

② Ya is the music of the areas directly under the Zhou Dynasty, which is the so-called Zhengsheng Yayue. "Ya" poems are songs for palace banquets or court meetings. According to different music, they are divided into 31 "Daya" poems and 74 "Xiaoya" poems.

③ Songs are dance songs and songs used in ancestral temple sacrifices, and their content is mostly about praising ancestors’ achievements.

The so-called "Six Meanings" of "The Book of Songs", among which Feng, Ya, and Song refer to the classification of styles; Fu, Bi, and Xing refer to the expression techniques. Regarding Fu, Bi, and Xing, Zhu Xi of the Song Dynasty gave a more precise explanation: "Fu" describes the matter and speaks straightforwardly; "Bi" refers to comparing other things to this thing; "Xing" refers to other things in advance to evoke what is being said. The words of chant are also. ?The successful application of Fu, comparison and xing techniques is an important reason for the strong local flavor of folk songs in The Book of Songs. The Book of Songs is the glorious starting point of Chinese realist literature. Due to its rich content and high ideological and artistic achievements, it occupies an important position in the cultural history of China and the world. It created an excellent tradition of Chinese poetry and had an indelible influence on later literature.

"The Book of Songs?"

Teaching Objectives

1. Through this article, understand the customs and customs of Wei and understand the life experiences of the hero and heroine.

2. Understand the content of the text and be familiar with the characters in the text and the relationships between them.

3. Look through the surface of things to discover the character’s unique inner experience and summarize the character’s personality traits.

4. Learn unique language expression techniques, compare the differences between ancient and modern times, and master the meanings and different expression methods of ancient words.

Teaching time: one lesson

Teaching steps

1. Introduce the topic

Love is an eternal topic for human beings. Wherever there are people, there will be Can write different love stories. Today, let us go into the distant Wei Kingdom in BC, listen to an ancient story, and experience what happened at that time and place. Let us get closer to them and experience it for ourselves. Let’s take a look at this love story that has been sung for thousands of years.

2. Read the sample essay aloud and become familiar with the meaning of new words.

p> If you don’t eat mulberries, you can still say that they are yellow and fall.

I am gradually tired of driving, curtains, and clothes.

Sleeping hard all night After the words have been said, I bow and mourn myself, and I have nothing to do with the scholars.

Content words:

Bu: a currency, not as mentioned in the annotation, has the same meaning as modern Chinese.

Bandit: Pronounced in the upper tone, it is not a common falsehood.

Jiang: read qiāng, wish, please, such as "Jiangjinjiu".

By: board. Bribery: property.

Said: Tong?Tue?.

Gradually: pronounced as jiān, splashing, soaking.

Shuang: Error.

Extreme: Standard.

De: mind, affection.

Wang: None.

Function words

Yi: Come with your car, and I will bribe you to move (the former? Yi?, use; the back? Yi?, take)

Take him The wall is in hope of returning to the pass (meaning to take over, meaningless). Autumn is for the period of time (handle)

Its: its yellow and fallen (instead of fallen leaves) its leaves are fertile (instead of mulberry tree) Shi Er's journey (by himself) (of)

His smile (verbal particle, meaningless) does not think about his opposite (you): between subject and predicate, soothing tone, no real meaning (the mulberry has not fallen, the mulberry has fallen, the woman's) Danxi General Corner’s Banquet) Think about it (this matter) quietly

Conjugation

Erbuer筮 (Bu and 筮 are both nouns and used as verbs, meaning to use tortoise shells , yarrow divination) Shi Er Qi Xing (numerals are used as verbs, not specific to?)

Idiom Er San Qi De, swearing by one's word, working hard and sleeping hard at night.

3. Students can read aloud by themselves, experience the feelings of the poems, and also communicate and discuss. Clarify the levels of the whole poem

Question: Which stages of the marriage process of this couple are described in this narrative poem?

Clarify: love? marriage? resolution.

Question: What changes happened to the men and women in the poem before and after marriage?

The whole poem is divided into six chapters, and the first chapter has ten sentences (ten clauses can be divided into five complex sentences).

The first and second chapters trace the love life. The heroine "sends off her son to Sheqi" and persuades the gangsters to "not be angry"; she is a warm and gentle girl who laughs and talks after seeing each other again.

Chapter 35 traces married life. The third chapter, "rising up", summarizes the life experience I have gained: "When you look like a girl, you have no time to hang out with scholars!" The fourth chapter, "rising up", summarizes the "three-year-old food poverty", "the scholar is also extremely ignorant," Two or three of its virtues?.

Chapter 6 expresses the feelings and determination after mourning for oneself: What if I don’t think about it?

The author follows the story of love, marriage, and changes. A decisive plot clue narrative. By writing about the heroine's experience of being abandoned, the author creates an image of a hard-working, gentle, and strong woman, and expresses the strong desire of ancient women to pursue independent marriage and a happy life.

The following is the narrative structure and emotional tone of the whole poem:

[Written on the blackboard]

The gangster

(Plot) The decision to change in love and marriage

(Chapter and sentence ) Chapter 1, Chapter 2, Chapter 3, Chapter 5, Chapter 6

(Verse) Autumn has come to an end and there is no time to fight with the scholars.

The scholars who laugh and talk about their deeds

As for violence

(Keynote) Enthusiasm, happiness and resentment, sobriety, strength and strength

Men and women

Hypocritical enthusiasm and kindness before marriage , Passionate

Violent, domineering, hard-working, strong, and sober after marriage

Unprofessional and unsentimental

Summary: The inequality between men and women is not only reflected in Politically, economically, and sometimes in character, the woman's final determination in the poem allows us to see the respectable and admirable side of Chinese women.

4. What artistic techniques are used in this poem? Tell us your views based on the verses you are interested in.

Key points:

①Memories and comparisons

"The Rogue" is narrated and lyrical by the heroine in her memories. Use contrasting techniques in recall. The heroine herself contrasts before and after marriage. Before the marriage, at the president's banquet, he talked and laughed, but when he didn't see her again, she burst into tears. Now that we have seen each other, we are smiling and talking. I am pure and enthusiastic. After marriage, you work hard and sleep all night, and spend time in the morning. You talk quietly, think about it, and mourn yourself. It is hard work and humiliation. More prominently, there has been a profound change in his thinking: "There is no need to talk about women, and there is nothing to do with scholars!" There is no way to talk about women's shame. The comparison of love and life before and after, as well as the contrast of thoughts and feelings, show the heroine's character traits and changes in personality. There is also a contrast between before and after marriage. Before marriage, a gangster behaves like a gangster, but after marriage, a woman is unhappy, and a scholar behaves inappropriately. Once his words are fulfilled, when it comes to violence, he will behave erratically and even become violent. In the comparison of love and life, the heroine also realizes that men and women are not equal in love and marriage, and learns a lesson from the painful experience: There is no need to be embarrassed by a scholar! To put it bluntly, a woman's procrastination cannot be explained. ?She has more regrets than sadness, and is determined but not nostalgic: ?If she doesn't think about it, that's all!? It shows her sober and strong character.

②The Book of Songs pioneered the techniques of comparison and evoking.

Xing's technique is used in Chapters 34 and 4 of "Mang".

Chapter 3, the first four sentences? The mulberry leaves have not yet fallen, and their leaves are like flowers. The doves are sighing, and there are no mulberries to eat. ?The mulberry leaves are fresh and tender, so don’t be greedy for mulberries. This is in contrast to the following six sentences of persuasion: "I am sorry for the girl, but I am not in touch with the scholar", and the poetic meaning is connected.

Chapter 4, the first four sentences: "The mulberry trees have fallen, their yellow has fallen," and the leaves have changed from tender green to withered yellow. This is in contrast to the fact that a scholar's vows have turned into a scholar's deeds. Contains metaphors.

Chapter 34: Qixing’s poem uses natural phenomena to compare the changes in the heroine’s love life. The Qixing’s poem leads to verses expressing emotional life, stimulating readers’ association, enhancing the meaning, and creating a vivid image. , poetic artistic effect. Some people think that using the green and withered mulberry leaves to describe the transition from happiness to pain in love life is more artistic.

6. Assign homework:

1. Read the text again and understand their stories.

2. Use your own language to design another life for them.

3. Preview the next class.

) Not coming ( l?i ) Kong Guilin ( ji? )

Miyu (m? gǔ ) Hustle ( xiāo ) Huanyu ( hu?n ) Descendants of God ( y? )

Food (y?o zhu?n) Mansion (dǐ) Escape (d?n) Xiangbi (mǐ)

Return to employment (p?n) Simu (mǔ) Xiuxiao (ku? ) The villain ( f?i )

Rain and snow are falling ( y? fēi ) Thirst and hunger ( z?i ) Order ( ch? )

(2) Font shape

Follow) 骙(四木骙骙)

遑(不遁)戍(戍 guards) 戎(军装) mi(diffuse) 鬬(rectification)

娨(巷)戌(Wuxu) )jie (martial law) annihilate (eliminate) hurt (sadness)

　(3) Explanation of the underlined words

extravagant room and extravagant home (none) bu te qiju (idle) contained Hungry and thirsty (again), the extravagant envoys return to employ (greetings)

The year is ending (tenth month of the lunar calendar), worried and guilty (very, very), and the military chariot has been driven (already)

Simuyeye (tall appearance) Rain and snow are falling (snowing) I can’t come (comfort, exhortation)

Bierweihe (flowers blooming) Weitangzhihua (same? Flower? )

Pilusihe (same as ?wheel?, cart) Years have passed (same as ?twilight?, end of the year)

2. Read aloud by yourself, clear up the words and sentences, Overall grasp. Think and discuss: What theme does this poem express?

"Plucking Wei" is a piece in "Xiaoya", which expresses the hard life and inner feelings of ordinary soldiers during their years away from home and fighting. Pain, dissatisfaction with the war and longing for hometown are expressed between the lines.

3. How many stages can the emotional development of poetry be divided into? What different emotions are expressed in each stage?

The first chapter writes about soldiers who left their homes to fight against foreign invasion. , the sadness, war weariness and hatred towards foreigners caused by being unable to return home for a long time.

The second and third chapters write about the hardships of military life and the strong longing for home caused by it.

Chapter 4 and 5 directly write about the war. These two chapters are specific descriptions of war scenes based on the previous ones. Through vivid and vivid depictions of horses, chariots, elephants, fish uniforms, generals and soldiers, they reflect the "worry" from another aspect. The reason for Kong Gui's guilt also made the previous "Wang Shi Miyu" fall into place. This further emphasizes that it is precisely because of frequent wars and no fixed residence that soldiers at the lowest level in the barracks have no hope of returning home and are homesick.

Chapter 6 writes about the sad and painful mood of the garrison soldiers on their way back. With the previous series of foreshadowings, after a life-and-death battle, the survivors of the war finally embarked on their way home. However, the work does not describe the joy of the soldiers after their victory. Instead, it creates a scene of the willows in the past and the rain and snow now. It describes the desolation and misery deep in the heart after going through hardships, and is delayed in walking, hungry and thirsty. ?, the road back home is still so difficult.

4. Dialogue and text study

(1) Topic and situation design

A) How do you understand nostalgia?

B) What are the specific connotations of nostalgia?

C) How does nostalgia arise?

Basic points:

A) Nostalgia is the longing for home

p>

B) Missing family members and homeland.

C) Wandering, traveling, and war.

(2) The main direction of text study

A) Carefully read Chapters 2 and 3. What are the differences between the more worrying contents and how to express nostalgia?

B) The poem was written from Caiwei. How is this related to nostalgia?

C) How is the change in the second sentence of the first three chapters related to the thoughts and feelings expressed in the poem?

D) How do chapters 4 and 5 express the theme of the poem?

E) Do you think the first four sentences of the concluding chapter are well written? Tell me why.

The key points of the above questions include: (Reference)

A) Express the intensity of nostalgia in time and space, and exaggerate nostalgia from two aspects: "family members" and "me".

B) It is a commonly used technique in "The Book of Songs", and Weiwei is a common thing in the countryside, so it can naturally evoke nostalgia.

C) This change is not only to avoid repetition, but also to use the growth of "weicai" to hint at the gradual intensification and deepening of nostalgia.

D) Chapters 4 and 5 describe the frequency and intensity of wars, which is the fundamental cause of nostalgia.

E) (different people have different opinions) use sadness to write happy scenes, and the scenes blend together.

The pen of imagination combines the virtual and the real to express the sigh that things are right and people are wrong.

5. Clarify the characteristics and read it by heart.

Artistically speaking, this poem is very unique.

First of all, poetry pays great attention to using specific and vivid details to show life scenes. For example, the description of war scenes does not directly describe the lights of swords and fights, but describes chariots, war horses, and elephants. Mi, fish clothes, tired running around, hungry and thirsty, but through these descriptions we can imagine the cruelty of war.

The second is the blending of scenes. The first four lines of the last chapter of the poem have been passed down through the generations and are regarded as the best lines of blending of scenes. Wang Fuzhi said in "Jiangzhai Poetry Talk": "In the past, when I went there, the willows clung to me; now when I come to think about it, it is raining and snowing." Write sorrow with a happy scene, write joy with a sad scene, and multiply the sorrow and joy. ?

Thirdly, it is the harmony of its melody and syllables. It is sung with three sighs. The first three chapters of the poem have similar starting sentences and are sung repeatedly. On the one hand, the growth of plants is used to imply the passage of time, and on the other hand, the growth of plants is used to imply the passage of time. It also shows the unique musical beauty of poetry in its distinctive rhythm.

6. Expansion and extension:

Have you read those poems about nostalgia, introduce them to your classmates, and talk about your understanding.

More excitement on the next page? Two excellent lesson plan examples from the Book of Songs?