Sentences describing the parts of Chinese rose

Rose is a thorny shrub, or it is tendril-like and climbing. Evergreen or deciduous shrubs, erect, brown stems, spiny or spiny, some almost spineless. Branchlets are green, leaves are dark green, most of them are pinnate compound leaves, broadly ovoid or ovoid oblong, 2.5-6 cm long, with sharp tips, serrated leaves, hairless and smooth on both sides; Stipules and petioles are connate, entire or glandular toothed, and the tips are separated into spikes. Flowers are often clustered, rare and solitary, with many colors and colors, 4-5 cm in diameter, mostly double and single petals; Sepals caudate, long pointed, with pinnate lobes at the edge; Style separation, extending out of calyx tube mouth, equal to stamens; Each ovary 1 ovule. The fruit is ovoid or pear-shaped, with a length of 1-2 cm and sepals falling off. Flowering: April-June 5438+1October. Most of them are complete flowers. It's hermaphrodite.

Place of production

Rosaceae plants are native to the northern hemisphere, almost all over Asia and Europe, and China is one of the origins of Chinese rose. As for the modern Chinese rose, the blood relationship is extremely complicated.

Roses are also found in Beijing, Tianjin, Dalian, Nanchang, Changzhi, Yuncheng, Changzhou, Anqing, Suzhou, Yichang, Zhengzhou, Bengbu, Ji 'an, Wu Shang, Jiaozuo, Pingdingshan, Huai 'an, Taizhou, Fuyang, Zhumadian, Sanmenxia, Hengyang, yingtan, Huainan, Huaibei, Qingdao, Weifang, Jiaonan, Wuhu and Shijiazhuang. 5, alternate, odd (odd) pinnate compound leaves, leaflets generally 3-5, oval or oval, 2-6 cm long, serrated leaves, glabrous on both sides, smooth, stipules and petioles united. Peanuts are at the top of branches, and flowers are often clustered, rare and solitary, and there are many colors. There are thousands of varieties, most of which are double petals or single petals. These flowers are slightly fragrant. The flowering period is April-10, with the most flowering in spring. The fleshy rose fruit is red and yellow when it matures, and the top is cracked. "Seeds" are achenes and chestnut brown. [Edit this paragraph] The growth habit is adaptable, cold-resistant and drought-tolerant, and the requirements for soil are not high, but the microstrip acidic sandy loam with rich organic matter and good drainage is the best. I like light, but too much direct strong light is not good for bud development. Petals burn easily and like warmth. Generally, the temperature is 22-25℃, and high temperature in summer is not conducive to flowering.

I like sunny, airy, well-drained and sheltered environment, and I need proper shade in midsummer. The optimum temperature of most varieties is 15 ~ 26℃ in the daytime and 10 ~ 15℃ at night. It is cold-resistant, and it goes into hibernation when the temperature is below 5℃ in winter. If the high temperature lasts above 30℃ in summer, the flowering and quality of most varieties will decrease, and they will enter semi-dormancy period. General varieties can tolerate the low temperature of-65438 05℃. It needs rich organic matter and fertile and loose slightly acidic soil, but it has wide adaptability to soil. The relative humidity of air should be 75% ~ 80%, but it can also be slightly dry or slightly wet. Characterized by continuous flowering. It is necessary to keep the air circulating and pollution-free. Poor ventilation is prone to powdery mildew, and harmful gases such as sulfur dioxide, chlorine and fluoride in the air are toxic to Chinese rose. [Edit this paragraph] The main types of rose are cut rose, edible rose, vine rose, big rose, rich rose, miniature rose, tree rose and ground cover rose.

Cut roses

This kind of rose has long branches, upright and straight, high cup-shaped buds, beautiful patterns and many colors. In this base, the stem cuttings and fruit seedlings of Japanese thorn-free rose are used as rootstocks to graft into seedlings, and the root system is particularly developed (reticulate) and has strong stress resistance. The annual output can reach 150-200 branches/square, which is an ideal seedling for fresh cut flower production.

Edible rose

Damascus rose has pure fragrance and high oil yield. After drying, it can be made into rose scented tea (or smoked tea), which is the best among many edible, medicinal, health care and beauty flower varieties.

The stem is about 8 cm, with 25-30 petals, 5- 10 per branch at a time. Bud yield is high, and fragrance blooms all year round. It is an excellent new rose variety in China. There are 500 plants per mu and 500 kilograms of dried flowers per mu.

A rose with big flowers.

There are many varieties, which are the main part of modern Chinese rose. It is characterized by strong plants, single or group flowers, large flowers, elegant and beautiful patterns, many colors, bright and bright, fragrant and ornamental.

Chinese wistaria

Vines, green rookie, climbing growth type, developed root system, strong resistance, fast branch germination and vigorous growth. A plant has 7-8 main branches every year, and each main branch is open, with a maximum growth of 5 meters per year and strong disease resistance. Extensive management, pruning resistance, rich patterns, continuous flowering in four seasons, gorgeous colors, unrestrained, lasting flowering period and rich aroma. The colors are vermilion, scarlet, scarlet, pink, golden yellow, orange yellow, multicolor, white and so on. Biennial internodes germinate, blossom all over, and have many flower heads, which can form flower balls, styles, flower walls, flower seas, arches, corridors and other landscapes.

Roses in full bloom

The flowery roses are expanding and growing, with clusters of flower heads. Cold resistance, high temperature resistance, drought resistance, waterlogging resistance, disease resistance and strong adaptability to the environment. Widely used in urban environmental greening, garden flower beds, highways and so on. Moheim Palace, greenhouse and other flower-rich varieties are the first choice for the rejuvenation of the base. In that year, the stem of a single plant was about 70 cm, the height was less than 60 cm, the rooting depth of a single plant was more than 1m, and the root distribution diameter was about1.5m. Their colors were not affected by temperature and never changed color.

Mini rose

A new variety of Rosaceae, with short, spherical and numerous flower heads, is also called "Diamond Rose" because of its unique characteristics. Mainly used for potted ornamental, lawn decoration and pattern layout.

Dendritic rose

Tree-shaped roses, also known as rose trees and rose trees, are upright trunks and crowns that have reached the standard after more than two times of grafting. Current tree-shaped rose specifications (height 0.4-2.0m, stem 1-5cm).

Advantages: good viewing effect, unique shape, noble and elegant, distinct layers and refreshing visual effect; Various shapes, such as spherical, fan-shaped, waterfall-shaped, miniature, etc. It not only retains the advantages of rich fragrance, long flowering period and diverse colors of ordinary rose, but also shows novelty, nobility and enthusiasm, so it has high aesthetic value.

Greening is widely used in streets, parks, scenic spots, residential courtyards and other places with green space around the city, and tree-shaped roses can play a beautification role.

The corolla of tree-shaped rose with strong adaptability is farther from the ground than ordinary flowers, and it is not easy to be infected with soil diseases and insect pests; The trunk is rose, with developed root system and strong vitality, especially in high alkalinity areas. Ordinary roses are difficult to grow, and tree-shaped roses fill this gap.

Ground cover rose

The latest ecological vegetation, ground cover rose, grows as follows: 1. It is creeping and expanding, and its height is no more than 20 cm. Each plant germinates more than 50 branches every year, and the branches take root when touching the ground, and each branch blooms 50- 100 flowers at a time; Second, the most developed roots are rooted at more than 2 meters; Third, the coverage area is large, and the coverage area of a single factory building is greater than 1 square meter; Fourth, the flowering period is strong and continuous.

Its biological habits are as follows: 1. Drought-tolerant, can grow in areas with annual rainfall 150-200mm; Second, it can be planted and grown in barren, sloping, shady and difficult irrigation areas; Third, high temperature and high humidity resistance-30℃ low temperature and 42℃ high temperature can grow normally; Fourth, extensive management, strong disease resistance, no pesticides, no pruning, reducing a lot of management costs; 5. The arrangement effect of color blocks and road belts is obvious, which not only beautifies the environment, but also reduces noise and heat absorption. It is a good product of soil and water conservation. (It has been successfully introduced in Korla, Altay and other places in Xinjiang and Jilin, Harbin and other places in the northeast).

Common varieties of large-flowered ornamental roses with different colors are:

1, white: Chubai, white satin, Lv Yun, Tannick, white wine, etc.

2. Yellow: golden phoenix, Ohio Gold, Rhine Gold, Gold Medal, Sorido, Green Field, Princess Kanter, etc.

3. Red: Fan Fei, Xiangyun, Milan Lipstick, Cato Card, Xiangmo, Han Qian, Councillor Buda, Olympic, etc.

4, blue: there are blue moon, blue peace, sapphire, blue ribbon, jacaranda, heaven and so on.

5, purplish red: there are big purple light, black whirlwind, porphyry, black pearl, Zhu Guang Mo Ying, Zhu Mo Shuang Hui and so on.

6. Green: There are green stars and green calyx.

7. Orange: In Jestajoy, Quintley, Masina, Grand Medal, etc.

8. Pink: Pink Fans, Pink Peace, Miss First Class, Japanese Pink, Zui Xiang Wine, Chuck Red, etc.

9. Multicolor: peace, double happiness, Greek hometown, Milan capriccio, love, my choice, light of peace, modern art, Kirk, Princess Monaco, Cai Yun, Garivada and so on. [Edit this paragraph] Propagation by cultivation techniques: cuttage propagation is mostly used, and branching and layering propagation can also be used. Cutting can be done all year round, but it is suitable to cut in winter or autumn. Water management and temperature control should be paid attention to when cutting green branches in summer. Otherwise, it is not easy to take root, and cutting in winter is generally carried out in greenhouses or greenhouses. If you are cutting in the wild, you should pay attention to increasing moisturizing measures. Used for sow breeding and sexual hybridization breeding. For a few famous species that are difficult to take root, grafting propagation is adopted, and the rootstock is Rosa davurica. Such as yellow series varieties.

Management: The transplanting of Chinese rose is carried out from June 165438+ 10 to March of the following year, and pruning can be carried out at the same time. First cut off dense branches and dead branches, then cut off old and weak branches, leaving 2-3 buds that grow outward so as to spread in all directions; Cut off particularly strong branches appropriately to strengthen the growth of weak branches. When new branches grow too densely in summer, they should be thinned. After each batch of flowers wither, the upper branches connected with the residual flowers should be cut off in time to prevent them from consuming nutrients, and the middle and lower branches should be kept full to promote the early flowering of new branches. Roses like to apply basal flowers before flowering, and then apply quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer to strengthen seedlings and promote flowers. Roses are very strict about water, neither too wet nor too dry. Too dry will wither, too wet will damage the roots and leaves.

The main pests of Chinese rose are aphids, leaf curl moths, thorn moths and so on. Pesticides such as 1000- 1200 times dimethoate or isocarbophos are mainly used for control.

Propagation is mainly based on grafting and cutting, supplemented by sowing and tissue culture. Commonly used rootstocks are: wild rose, pink rose, "Tang Baiyu" (rose) and so on.

When planting Chinese rose in the open field, you should choose a place with leeward and sunny drainage. In addition to applying base fertilizer again, topdressing is needed during the growing season. Pruning is an important operation. In addition to pruning during dormancy, attention should also be paid to picking buds, cutting off residual flower branches and rootstocks for germination and tillering during growth. Greenhouse cultivation is mainly to supply cut flowers. It is often planted with a row spacing of 30cm×30cm, and maintained at 15 ~ 17℃ at night and 2 1 ~ 25℃ during the day. Chinese rose can be potted and watched indoors. The key points of its cultivation and management are: loose soil, suitable pot diameter, moderate humidity, thin fertilization, picking flowers and pruning, controlling pests and diseases, and changing pots every year. [Edit this paragraph] The flowering period control of Chinese rose is also called "Moon Red". The natural flowering period is May-June,165438+1October, and the flowering period is continuous. However, it is still very important to control the flowering period of rose during the Olympic Games, especially the flowering period of potted rose and cut rose, for the successful completion of the temporary flower arrangement task and fresh cut flower supply task in various venues during the Olympic Games.

Scientific pruning and reasonable pruning are the key to control the flowering period of Chinese rose, and pruning should be carried out according to the comprehensive growth of Chinese rose plants in practical work. There are two types of buds on the branches of Chinese rose. The buds on the upper branches point to 1 ~ 5 leaves under the flower, and the flower branches are shorter, about 6 ~ 9 leaves. Buds are early, usually 15 to 18 days, and flowers are small. The bud in the middle of the branch (6-9 leaves under the flower) is round, and the flower branch from the round bud is about 13 ~ 16 leaves, which takes a long time to sprout, generally about 25 days, and the flower is large; The bud eye at the base of the branch is flat, the bud activity is low, the branch is slow, the branch is easy to grow, and the flower bud appears for a long time, generally more than 30 days. It can be seen that the heterogeneity of rose buds determines the time of flowering, budding and flowering. Knowing the habits of flower buds can accurately control the flowering period. Generally speaking, it takes about 45 days for Chinese rose to germinate from new bud to blossom.

In practical work, the specific situation is analyzed. According to the geographical location, from August 8 to 24, under the condition of ensuring continuous flowering, let the ground-planted roses bloom more and better. The following methods are for reference: Around June 20th, all the residual flowers and some flowering branches of ground-planted Chinese rose will be pruned to the round bud position in the middle mature part of the flower branch according to the proportion of 50%, and the flowering viewing period is about August1~15; Prune all residual flowers and all flowering branches around June 30 according to the above method, and the flowering viewing period is about August 10 to August 25. Trim the residual flowers at any time after June 30 and let them bloom naturally. Potted roses and cut roses can be used to calculate the flowering date, and branches should be pruned about 45 days before flowering.

Fertilizer and water management in the above pruning, scientific fertilizer and water management should be carried out in combination with plant growth. When the new generation buds do not germinate after pruning, spraying fertilizer on the leaves with 0.2% urea every 5 or 6 days can promote the germination of new buds; If plants grow fast and new branches grow fast, controlling water supply can delay growth when it exceeds the planned range. In the process of water control, the key is to spray water in time after the branches and leaves wither and recover within 1 hour. Water is the carrier of various enzymes in plants. Insufficient water supply will reduce the activity of enzymes and slow down metabolism, thus slowing down the growth of plants. If the buds of new branches appear later than planned, the leaves will be sprayed with 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate every 5 or 6 days, and the buds will grow rapidly. The Chinese flowering period consumes a lot of water and nutrients in the body, and the water supply should be sufficient.

Flowering condition

Rose is a very sunny plant. If the light is insufficient, it is difficult to bloom every month. Generally speaking, as long as we grasp the following key points, we can make roses bloom every month.

(1) The sunshine must be long. The place where Chinese roses are planted should be ventilated and have sunshine for more than half a day. This is the first condition for it to bloom like a flower. If it is placed in a semi-cloudy and semi-sunny place or in a shady place with insufficient light, it can only bloom in spring and autumn at most. Therefore, families whose living conditions can't meet the requirements of lighting, it is best not to plant Chinese rose flowers, but to plant shade-loving flowers and plants.

(2) Prune frequently. Although the sunshine conditions are good, roses will not grow well if they are not pruned for a long time. The method of pruning is. Prune the Chinese rose once a year after 12 months when the leaves fall. The height of the remaining branches is about 15 cm, and the pruning position is about 1 cm above the outward leaf buds. The lateral branches, diseased branches and concentric branches should be pruned at the same time. After May, after each flowering, 2/3 or 1/2 of the flowering branches will be pruned, so that there will be more opportunities to regenerate flower buds. If you want to make the flowers bloom, you can also pick some when the buds are long, which can not only concentrate nutrition, but also achieve the purpose of prolonging the flowering period and opening in batches.

(3) Fertilization should be done frequently and in time. Generally, newly planted or transplanted potted Chinese rose can be cultivated with humus and loose loess, and it is best to add 1/4 rice husk ash or a little bean husk, bean cake or chicken pigeon manure to make Chinese rose continuously absorb various nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium from the soil. If the old potted flowers need to be replaced, base fertilizer can also be applied according to the above method; If you don't change pots, you can dig 2-3 cm into the soil, and put some fresh fish intestines or chicken pigeon droppings and bean cake scraps as base fertilizer. This is the best way when the Chinese rose is dormant in1-February. In this way, the fertilizer will gradually ferment into fertilizer solution, which will penetrate into the roots with rainwater or poured water, achieving good results. May is the peak season for the growth of Chinese rose. Top dressing 65,438+0 times every 65,438+00 days. The rotten fermented fishy smell juice and vegetable leaf juice can be mixed and applied in the proportion of 3 parts fertilizer and 7 parts water, and the fertilization is stopped at 1 1 month. If you can follow the above requirements, you can make the roses and flowers meet you every month. Roses are naturally fond of heat and grow best when the temperature is 20-25 degrees; It is difficult to grow above 30 degrees. If we master fertilization, we can overcome its weakness of being afraid of high temperature in summer.

(4) Pay attention to exterminating pests. In spring, Chinese rose is prone to aphids, so cigarette butts can be soaked in water or diluted with water and sprayed with trichlorfon to eliminate pests within half a day. Black spot disease and powdery mildew are prone to occur in summer, which are mostly caused by too humid and sultry, and some diseased leaves can be picked lightly; Severe cases can be prevented and treated by spraying Bordeaux mixture, Tobuzin and bactericidal spirit. 2-3 times every 10 day.

(5) change pots. There is no need to change the pan every year. If you change the small pot into a big pot, it can be done all year round. [Edit this paragraph] Early spring management Early spring, the roots of Chinese rose began to stretch in the soil. The most important tending work at this time is pruning. Warm areas should be pruned in late February, and colder northern areas should be pruned in March ~ April. Pruning is about 1/3 of plant height. The first step is to cut off weak branches, diseased branches and dead branches. Last year, these plants grew the most vigorous new branches. If you choose this main branch, leave 2-3 branches, up to 5 branches. According to the original growth situation of the plant, the part about 50 cm from the ground and 65,438+0 cm above the robust bud is pruned with branch shears. The so-called robust bud is a bud that has not yet germinated, plump and raised. In order not to make the buds grow into too dense branches, we should choose strong buds above the outside of the plant. In addition, pruning should be carried out in the full part of the branches. When pruning with scissors, the sound of "clicking" is the complete part. If you think the incision is soft, cut it to a hard place. The aging parts of plant branches are rough and swollen, and there are no strong buds at all, so they should be cut off.

The middle part of the 2~3-year-old main branch is the part with many new buds, and only 10~20 cm can be left when pruning. Generally, if you want to spend more flowers at flowering stage, you should cut them weakly. If you want a good flowering period, you should cut it hard and don't ask for more flowers. In addition, we must make up our minds to cut down plants that are not growing well, because the roots of such plants are underdeveloped, and if the crown is too large, it will easily lead to insufficient nutrient supply. It is best to do a high-concentration disinfection at the same time of pruning, which has a remarkable effect on pest control.

In order to make the pruned branches tilt outward, they can be fixed with posts (wooden sticks, etc.). ) make the tree balanced and beautiful, and avoid the branches and leaves rubbing against each other when it is windy. The branches from the buds under the oblique branches are strong and the flowers are lush, so we should pay attention to protection.

After the sting, the insects woke up from hibernation and began to move. At this time,10ml cartap (pesticide) and 20g of wettable sulfur powder for controlling powdery mildew were dissolved in10l of water, and the plants were sprayed with the completely dissolved concentrated solution. Because roses have not yet grown leaves, there is no need to worry about phytotoxicity.

About 20 days after pruning, the buds began to germinate, and in the process of germination, the weak buds were often eliminated naturally. In order to make the flowers bloom well, it is necessary to leave buds according to the thickness of the main branch, 3~4 buds for the thick branch, 1~2 buds for the pencil thick branch, and remove all the rest. In cold areas, germination is late, and the time of bud removal can be postponed.