Where are Nanning people from?

Although there are many opportunities and temptations in these first-tier cities, it is even more difficult to stay in these places. House prices alone discourage many people who are eager for stability.

Therefore, in recent years, more and more people have to flee from Guangzhou to Shenzhen, and Nanning has become one of the major cities for these people.

But it's not just now. Nanning has been an inclusive city since ancient times, accepting people who come here from all directions to take root ~

So, where are the people living in Nanning from?

In fact, in the Stone Age thousands of years ago, traces of primitive human activities appeared on both sides of the Yongjiang River. In the decades after the founding of New China, experts discovered dozens of sites of ancient human activities around Nanning, which can be said to be the earliest "aborigines" in Nanning.

This group of primitive humans lived in caves, made stone tools, learned to fish and hunt, and there is evidence that they had discovered the pleasure of pulling snails at that time! So the snail history of Nanning people is very long ~

Primitive people in Dingsishan are playing with the snail king (photo taken at Nanning Museum).

With a large population and a good life, they want to do business and exchange needed goods, which also makes the relationship between some tribes closer and closer, forming the ancient country of Luoyue.

In 20 10, archaeologists discovered an altar for the sacrifice of Guluoyue people in Sitianping, Daming Mountain. According to preliminary investigation, Daming Mountain in Guangxi is the earliest center of Luoyue ancient country! This is not just a "city center", but a national capital!

Daming Shangluo Yueguo Sacrificial Platform

Therefore, some friends who live in Nanning now must be really "indigenous" and have lived in Nanning for generations since then.

In the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, the communication between Luoyue culture and the Central Plains (middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River), Chu (Hubei, Hunan, Chongqing, Guangdong, Anhui, Jiangsu, Henan and Jiangxi) and Yunnan (now Yunnan) became more and more frequent.

It can be guessed that Luo Yueguo had a lot of economic and cultural exchanges with people in these three areas at that time, which can be seen from the cultural relics unearthed in Shang and Zhou Dynasties ~

The chimes of Yun Leiwen in the Western Zhou Dynasty unearthed in Binyang (Yun Leiwen is the most representative decoration method for bronzes in the Central Plains).

Warring States boot cymbals (a weapon, a typical Yunnan cultural relic)

Pottery pots with water ripples unearthed in Wuming (water ripples were one of the most popular natural patterns for making utensils in Chu at that time).

Moreover, during the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, a large number of bronze weapons were unearthed in the tombs of Yuan Longpo and An Deng Miao near Nanning. This shows that the merger war between tribes at this time is very frequent and intense. You know, the war will bring about a large-scale migration of population, and people in this land of Nanning must have experienced a "big reshuffle."

During the Qin Dynasty, Qin Shihuang unified Lingnan and established Guilin, Nanhai and Xiangjun. At that time, Nanning was under the jurisdiction of Guilin County, which was the first time that Lingnan area was included in Chinese territory.

Perhaps it was because Lingnan was relatively backward and difficult at that time. After the reunification of Qin Shihuang, criminals moved here from the Central Plains and lived with Vietnamese for thirteen years. Therefore, among the "Nanning people" at that time, there were many new faces "degraded" from the Central Plains.

(network diagram)

At the end of Qin Dynasty, Qin Ershi's tyranny led to Guangwu's uprising, and Chen Sheng. Some people say that "all opportunities are reserved for those who are prepared". It turned out that Zhao Tuo, the deputy commander-in-chief who was sent by the King of Qin to pacify Lingnan, took the opportunity to lead troops to win the South China Sea, Guilin and Xiang Jun, established the South Vietnamese regime, called himself the "King of South Vietnam" and began to "develop" Lingnan.

Zhao Tuo (photo by Hebei News Network)

Zhao Tuo governed the country with the policy of "ruling by harmony", which not only respected the local customs and habits, but also encouraged the intermarriage between Han and Yue, and even allowed the places with weak imperial power to be autonomous by Yue people.

(Photo taken at Nanning Museum)

Although Xiao Circle doesn't know whether this is the earliest "autonomous region", Xiao Circle thinks that Zhao Tuo's move must have "introduced" a batch of China Han sister papers to Nanning.

In the Han Dynasty, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty pacified South Vietnam. This time, six counties were established, and Nanning became the local county jurisdiction of Yulin County. The establishment of counties also led to the rise of cities.

In particular, Ma Yuan, the general of Fu Bo in the Eastern Han Dynasty, dredged the canal and allowed navigation here, which was more convenient for both foreign trade and population movement when he traveled south (now the north) and passed through Umantan.

General Ma Yuan's South Expedition (photo taken at Nanning Museum)

Not only that, Ma Yuan's southern expedition also brought about population migration, because many soldiers later settled in Nanning and married our locals.

Today, Ma Yuan has become the "Fu Bo God" who punishes evil, promotes good and ward off evil spirits. Fubo Temple is in memory of him!

The Governor's Office of Tanzhou was established in the Tang Dynasty, hence the abbreviation of Nanning. At that time, Tanzhou had become an important border town in southern Xinjiang in the Tang Dynasty.

In the second year of Tang Kaiyuan (7 14), Sima Lu people in Yongzhou began to dig ditches and build city walls in Nanning. According to the Yongle Dadian, Yongzhou City Wall was about 3.3 kilometers long and 5 meters high at that time, surrounded by two trenches with a depth of 3.3 meters.

The area in the lower right corner was Yongzhou City (the picture shows Nanning Museum).

It is worth mentioning that today's Shibu Town has become the seat of Liao and Jockey Club in Tang and Song Dynasties, also known as "Shibuwei", selling agricultural and sideline products, cloth, mountain products, aquatic products, horses, salt and production tools. At that time, it was an important place for the trade of Liao, Liao and other ethnic minorities, and it was famous far and near.

Interestingly, it was called "Liao" because many ethnic groups living in Nanning at that time liked singing, and the songs contained the voice of "Liao", so they were called "Liao" people. Hey, snail ~

In addition, due to the frequent large-scale wars between the Song Dynasty and the northern minorities at that time, the production in the north was destroyed and the economic center of gravity moved south, so three Boyichang, Yongping Village and Qinzhou were set up on Guangnan West Road. Among them, Boyichang in heng shan cun (now Tiandong County of Baise) and Boyichang in Yongping Village (now Ningming County of Baise) belong to Yongning Prefecture.

At that time, the most important commodity in heng shan cun Boyi Fair was "Mama", that is, horses produced in Dali, Zi Qi and Luodian. At that time, in order to buy horses here, the Song Dynasty set up a "horse-buying official", and all ethnic groups in Dali, Zi Qi, Luodian and other places in the southwest also brought their own products, such as musk, medicinal herbs, Hu sheep, bell chicken, carpets and Yunnan knives.

Song Yongzhou City Model (taken at Nanning Museum)

The main commodity traded in Yongping Village Cloth Yard is narrow cloth produced by Zhuang people in Wuyuan County (now Wuming). It is said that at that time, a handful of salt could be exchanged for a piece of cloth, which attracted many people from Luo Yao (now Viet Nam) to trade their various famous incense, rhinoceros horn, ivory, gold, silver, salt and money.

Two small scarabs, actually just a little bigger than buttons, are beautifully carved (taken at Nanning Museum).

How prosperous were these markets at that time? "Notes on Foreign Habitats in Yongzhou" wrote that "there are thousands of prizes in cities where officials and private individuals live ([p]: the same as" horses "), and there are countless other prizes". Only since Qi (the minority regime in eastern Yunnan and southwestern Guizhou in the Southern Song Dynasty) have thousands of people come to Hengshan to exchange markets.

Song Yongzhou City (photo taken at Nanning Museum)

In addition, there were a large number of folk business gatherings near the city at that time. There must have been many domestic and even foreign businessmen living in this city at that time, which made my Nanning amazing!

In the Yuan Dynasty, the Zhuang leaders in Shangsizhou, Lai 'an Road and other places accepted the invitation of the imperial court and sent envoys to Beijing to pay tribute, and the war in southern Xinjiang gradually subsided. In September of the first year of Taiding (1324), in order to celebrate the surrender of southern Xinjiang, the rulers of the Yuan Dynasty at that time changed the Yongzhou Road (the "road" of the Yuan Dynasty is equivalent to the current region and area) to Nanning Road, which means "peace in southern Xinjiang".

Because Nanning is an important town in the southwest border and the hub of land and water transportation in Guangxi, during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the towns of Nalian, Tingzi and Yangmei along the Yongjiang River flourished because of trade.

From Nanning to Zuojiang, you can go to Annan (now Vietnam); Against Youjiang, you can go directly to Guizhou and Yunnan. You can go to Liuzhou and Guilin along Yujiang and Gui Jiang.

At this time, Nanning has gradually developed into a circulation center and main material distribution center in southwest Guangxi and Yunnan-Guizhou-Sichuan region. Not only these places mentioned above are lively, but Nanning is also a bustling commercial port with prosperous industry and commerce.

The porcelain at that time was really beautiful ~

As the number of people from Guangdong, Hunan, Jiangxi, Anhui, Henan, Fujian and Guangxi counties who go to Nanning to do business and make a living has increased, the population of Nanning city has also increased, with rows of houses and many streets, which is "as prosperous as the Central Plains City".

(Photographed in "Old Things in Nanning", edited by Nanning Municipal Bureau of Culture and Nanning Museum)

In Nanning in the late Qing Dynasty, while commerce and trade flourished, gangsters ran rampant. At that time, businessmen and tycoons would build their houses into such a closed courtyard with watchtowers around it, just like a defensive fortress.

Restoration model of Yang Yang's former residence in Tuantuan, Xinjiang (photo taken at Nanning Museum)

During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, business groups from various provinces in Nanning gathered and set up fellow townsmen's guildhall as an activity place for discussion, fellow townsmen's gathering and discussion, which can be said to be a "clubhouse" in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.

Xinhui Academy (picture of green fungus)

Yuedong Guild Hall

At that time, the more famous ones were Yuedong Guild Hall, Xinhui Guild Hall (also known as Xinhui Academy), Anhui Guild Hall, Zhang Yu Guild Hall, Fujian Guild Hall and Yulin Five Genus Guild Hall. It can be seen that many foreigners came to Nanning at that time.

/kloc-At the end of 0/9th century, the closed-door Qing Dynasty was gradually opened by western powers. With the forced opening of Beihai, Longzhou and Wuzhou, Huang Huai, the governor of Guangxi, sized up the situation and invited him to open his own commercial port in October (1898 65438+February) in the 24th year of Guangxu. In February of Guangxu thirty-three years (1March of 907), Nanning Pass was established.

(Photo taken at Nanning Museum)

Western culture once poured in from Nanning and collided with local culture in Nanning. Foreign businessmen who wanted to do business with foreigners also came to Nanning, making Nanning more prosperous.

(Photo taken at Nanning Museum)

Xuantong Year 2 (19 10) According to the official population statistics, the total population of Nanning city and suburbs is 36,542, while the population of Nanning area is 67,7241[Source: Guangxi local chronicles of the last five years of the Qing Dynasty (1907-65438+]]

(Photo taken at Nanning Museum)

Nanning's opening not only attracted many foreign businessmen to do business, but also attracted missionaries. Churches began to appear in Nanning, and later in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, churches helped many Nanning people who suffered.

He Lu Church in Nanning, formerly known as American Missionary Society, was founded in Nanning during Tongzhi period of Qing Dynasty (photo taken with Bajiao girl).

The outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression broke the tranquility of Nanning. 1938 Since August, the Japanese army has frequently attacked Nanning and sent troops to occupy it.

Japanese troops occupied Nanning (photo taken in Old Events in Nanning, edited by Nanning Cultural Bureau and Nanning Museum)

Burning, killing, looting and wanton behavior lasted for a year and a half. The Japanese army killed and wounded more than 50,000 soldiers and civilians in Nanning. Now the "Thousand Graves" on the South Huangzhangling in Lexian Village, Shajing Township, Nanning is an indelible historical witness.

Thousands of graves are the common graves of the dead compatriots killed by Japanese invaders from 1939 to 1940 in Nanning Shajing area. (Photo Nanning Evening News

After the founding of New China, the total population of Nanning was less than 65,438+10,000. And these people are basically the ancestors of Nanning people now.

(Photo taken at Nanning Museum)

With the continuous development of Nanning, people from other places come to Nanning to study and work, especially after Nanning has become the permanent venue of the China-ASEAN Expo, more and more foreigners come to Nanning to develop and settle down.

Map of Nanning now (Nanning municipal government portal website)

The floating population in Nanning has increased from 52,000 in 1985 to 17.5% every year. By 2006, the registered floating population was about 680 thousand, and by the beginning of 20 10, the registered floating population was close to 1 10 thousand. (Data source * * * Nanning Municipal Party Committee Propaganda Department "Guangxi Spirit Promotes the Rapid Development of Capital Economic Construction")

As of 20 17, the floating population in Nanning exceeded1400,000, with an inflow of 740,000. (Source: Nanning Daily)

(network diagram)

Here basically answers the question of where Nanning people came from: the aborigines in Nanning came from the ancient Yue country and experienced war, trade, migration and exchange ... the blend of cruelty and peace all happened in this land of Nanning. However, due to the long history, our tracing back to these ancestors can only be a general and vague definition.

Tomb area of Dingsishan site (photo by Pu Xiaodong) (photo by official website of Nanning Museum)

Having said so much, I actually want to tell you that Nanning people have been a group that lives by water and forests since ancient times, especially with the characteristics of water-being good at water and being virtuous. So many different people have come to Nanning, which has made great contributions to the history and development of Nanning, and at the same time, Nanning has absorbed excellent cultures from all over the world and become more beautiful.

Morning exercise in Minsheng Square (Figure 7)

However, the question of where Nanning people come from today is not only a question of where they were born, but also a deeper question-where to go. Nanning is developing continuously. We still have a long way to go. Nanning people who live here and Nanning people who will come to live in Nanning should shape a Nanning and write a history.

I hope the future of Nanning can be written by you.

(Photography Li Tingzhan)

PS: This article is a simple interpretation of the circle based on Nanning Museum and some reference materials. If you have more in-depth research or anything wrong, you can submit it to Maidong (ID:area077 1) or make corrections in the comments area!

References:

1, Nanning Museum

2. Guangxi Net "Where do Nanning people come from? 》

3.Nanning Evening News

3. Guangnan. Com, Yongnian Liao, Southwest Collection.

4. Liao Yin, Xiao, "Research on Boyi Field in Song Dynasty —— Focusing on Boyi Field in Guangxi", in Song History Research, 20 12( 1).

5. Old Events in Nanning, edited by Nanning Cultural Bureau and Nanning Museum, published by Guangxi Nationalities Publishing House.