As the new year is approaching, it is necessary to collect this snow driving skill.

It's freezing, snowflakes are falling, and the cold wave is finally here!

In the face of the snow and ice that don't fall often, we always have a lot of helplessness, especially the riders in the south, who rarely have the opportunity to drive on the snowy road. But with the arrival of the new year, many southern motorists will go to the north to drive by car. At the same time, in addition to the old drivers, many new drivers in the north lack driving experience on ice and snow roads. As a southern cyclist, I have traveled to the west and northeast by car many times in winter. According to my own experience, I collected some information, tried to combine theory with actual driving, and discussed driving skills and experience sharing on ice and snow roads with you.

There are many modern cars with different shapes and functions. However, in addition to special-purpose vehicles, there are three ways to drive cars on the road:

Front drive, rear drive and four-wheel drive. For vehicles with different driving modes, there are also different driving control modes on ice and snow roads. In many cases, you can't change snow tires at will (if you are a cyclist in the north, especially in the northeast, it is necessary to change snow tires or even nail tires in winter). At this time, it is very necessary to understand the driving mode of our vehicles and use scientific driving methods in a targeted manner.

1.？ Front wheel drive (FF) vehicles

For vehicles with front wheels, the engine, gearbox and transmission mechanism are all installed at the front and rear of the front axle, and the weight of the front of the vehicle accounts for almost 60% of the whole vehicle, so it shows that the front of the vehicle is very heavy in the snow. It is prone to understeer, that is, the so-called "pushing head" state. After steering, the front reaction will always be one beat slower.

If the electronic system is not involved, the front wheels will slip when starting.

begin

The advantage of the front drive is that the front drive mode makes its body not sway, and the rotation of the steering wheel can change the direction of the driving force, which is relatively stable in the snow. Therefore, there are no other precautions when starting with a front-wheel drive in the snow, except to avoid a large throttle.

Brakes

When braking, because the weight is concentrated in the front of the car, the front wheel is easy to overload, and ABS(EPS/VDC) will quickly intervene, which greatly reduces the electronic system function of the rear wheel with small load. Therefore, the braking distance of the front car in the snow is almost twice that of the dry land, so the distance between the front car and the front car is at least twice as long as usual. This is especially important!

turn towards

Turn a corner on the snowy road and drive in front of the car-that is, slow down in advance! The turning angle of the steering wheel should be controlled within 180 (half a turn). Ensure that the front wheels can turn effectively. Once you feel that the vehicle is understeer, you should immediately stop the oil and slow down, slowly and lightly step on the brakes to turn back to the direction, so that the front wheels can regain their grip as soon as possible and prepare for the next turn.

At this time, you must not continue to slam the direction and increase the angle. It's useless to hit the direction because of insufficient steering. The car will only rush out of the corner helplessly. Refueling will aggravate this trend.

To sum up, when front-wheel drive is driving on ice and snow with poor adhesion, remember not to turn sharply. This will not only fail to achieve effective steering, but will make the front wheels enter the sliding state in advance, causing the vehicle to obviously push its head and lead to out of control.

There is a saying in the racing industry that there are different effective steering angles at different speeds, and the faster the speed, the smaller the angle. If the steering exceeds the maximum effective steering angle, the front wheel will completely lose its steering function and enter the taxiing state. For the front drive, if the steering angle of the front wheel exceeds the effective steering angle, it is necessary to turn back as much as possible and slow down the speed to restore the grip of the front wheel.

Precautions before driving:

1, starting: small throttle to avoid front wheel slip;

2. Braking: If the safety distance increases by more than 1 time, judge the braking in advance;

3, steering: slow down in advance, try not to brake in corners, slow down and hit the direction;

4. Push the head: collect the oil, lightly brake and turn back.

Front and rear drive (right front)

Nowadays, many models will have rear-drive driving mode, and we will also use rear-drive vehicles in our work and life. Such as micro-surface, MPV and other commercial vehicles. Therefore, it is necessary to know some skills and experience of FR driving cars on ice and snow roads.

Because the weight distribution of front-drive and rear-drive vehicles is relatively balanced, some manufacturers can achieve almost equal front-drive and rear-drive axle loads, but the driving mode of rear-drive is easy to make vehicles swing and appear. Oversteer, that is, the state of swinging the tail.

begin

The rear wheel drive adopts the drive mode of pushing back, which determines that the start is not smooth. If there is snow or ice under the front wheel when starting, it is easy to shake. Therefore, the rear wheel drive is easy to swing when starting. You need to straighten the steering wheel and keep it steady, so as not to lose control of the steering wheel.

The driving mode of pushing backward at the start makes the resistance of the front wheel and the driving force of the rear wheel form a group of opposite forces. If the two groups of forces are not completely opposite, the tail will swing. State. There is snow or other obstacles in front of the front wheel, and even if the front wheel turns to one side, the rear of the car will swing. Therefore, when the rear drive starts, the direction should be positive and the oil should be lifted.

apply the brakes

The weight distribution of the front and rear axles driven by the rear wheel is relatively uniform, so that the rear wheel can obtain greater downforce and increase friction when braking, which is convenient for four wheels to participate in braking at the same time. For the intervention of electronic acceleration slip adjustment, the rear wheel will be more obvious. Therefore, the braking ability and effect of rear wheel drive are obviously better than that of front wheel drive.

turn towards

The biggest problem of rear-wheel drive is that, contrary to front-wheel drive, it is easy to oversteer on ice and snow roads due to the push of rear wheels and insufficient power of front wheels.

When turning, the instability of rear wheel drive is very obvious at this time. If there is no electronic system intervention, the rear wheel drive is easy to turn around, 180 degrees. . This oversteer is difficult to control. Once the side slip of the car body exceeds the steering limit of the front wheel, no operation can make the car return to normal, which is very dangerous. The reason for oversteering is generally that the speed of entering the bend is too fast, or the oil enters the bend. People often say that "drift" is a kind of oversteer within the controllable range. Deliberate drift is technology, and uncontrollable drift can only be dangerous. Therefore, the effect of rear drive is relatively better than that of front drive when playing drift car.

If the steering is excessive (the rear of the car slides outward and the front of the car points to the bending center), first of all, the direction should be reversed in time, so that the front wheel points to the expected direction to collect oil. General? This treatment can restore normal state. If the car body swings a lot and the front wheel can't point in the forward direction even if it is dead, then step on the brakes and hold the steering wheel tightly. Good posture, ready for collision. The safe cornering method of rear wheel drive is to slow down in advance and enter the corner slowly. Don't give oil in the bend, and bend by inertia.

Precautions for rear-drive driving:

1, starting: the steering wheel turns back stably, and small oil starts;

2. Braking: If the safety distance increases by more than 1 time, judge the braking in advance;

3. Steering: slow down in advance, turn inertia, and don't give oil during turning;

4. Tail flick treatment: collect oil in the opposite direction.

Next, I want to talk about ice and snow driving with four-wheel drive. Qi Jun's old models are all four-wheel drive models, and New Qi Jun's 2.5 and 2.0 are also four-wheel drive models. Drivers who buy four-wheel drive models will be more used for self-driving travel, and riders in the north and west will be more inclined to four-wheel drive, because driving on ice and snow roads will have better handling.

Front four-wheel drive (4WD)

Four-wheel drive is the most stable vehicle in the snow, because all four wheels have driving force, the front and rear counterweights are relatively balanced, and the operation is relatively stable. But what about the current market? Most of the four-wheel drive vehicles in the world are pseudo-four-wheel drive vehicles, which are formed by installing a central differential with an electronically controlled multi-disc clutch on the chassis of the front drive vehicle. Because there is no mechanical differential, this kind of car can't distribute the driving force linearly, and the rear wheel intervention is blunt, so it is dangerous to some extent. Although Qi Jun is a professional SUV chassis, not an SUV pulled up by a car, and its central differential is the most stable and outstanding in its class, it still can't be as relaxed on the ice and snow road as the mechanical differential and the low fourth gear. Therefore, the discussion here still hopes that everyone will pay attention to it and communicate with each other.

Qi Jun's four-wheel drive is to distribute power to the rear wheel after the front wheel slips; When the wheel slips, a certain power distribution is given to the wheel that does not slip. Qi Jun can achieve 50:50, and New Qi Jun has advanced to 5 1:49! It can be seen that the promotion scope is very limited.

begin

When a pure electronically controlled four-wheel drive vehicle starts, the detection of front wheel slipping will cause the rear wheel to intervene, so the front wheel will slip like ordinary front wheel drive at the beginning of the start, and then the rear wheel will intervene? Drive. It is easier to drive than the first two cars. As long as you step on the accelerator at will, the starting speed is obviously higher than the first two cars.

If someone thinks that four-wheel drive vehicles can act recklessly on icy roads, it is absolutely wrong. Because the braking system is basically the same as the first two types of vehicles, the distribution of braking force is also roughly the same. Four-wheel drive SUV is heavier, but it will have greater inertia, which will lead to longer braking distance. Therefore: slow opening and early braking are also important safety rules for four-wheel drive!

apply the brakes

The four-wheel drive system can't shorten the braking distance, but the relatively heavy body will make the braking distance longer!

When braking, drivers of four-wheel drive often have blind trust in vehicle performance because of the four-wheel drive system. When braking, the four-wheel drive system can't help, but it's worse. The heavy body makes the braking distance longer. The braking distance of heavy-duty SUV models on snow can sometimes be twice as long as that on dry land. So it is recommended to keep driving twice as long as usual? Distance, brake in advance.

Four-wheel drive with front wheel (Qi Jun) will show the characteristics of insufficient steering with front wheel when entering the corner. If the fuel valve is added at this time, the front wheel will slip, and the electronic system will start the intervention of the central differential to power the rear wheel, so the vehicle will instantly turn to the oversteer state. Therefore, the steering of four-wheel drive vehicles should prevent excessive steering after turning, and do not accelerate refueling when turning.

The steering principle of four-wheel drive on ice and snow pavement is: keep the throttle steady, do not refuel when steering, and the steering operation is basically the same as normal driving.

Of course, if it is a safe performance or experience, it can be accelerated when cornering, and the tail flick or drift can be completed through the cooperation of rear wheel drive. The premise is that the steering operation must be advanced.

turn towards

Car owners are also prone to be blind and arrogant when turning, and over-trust the manufacturer's water injection propaganda. The steering of electronically controlled four-wheel drive includes two States: pushing head and swinging tail. When turning, the four-wheel drive system does not start, showing the front wheel pushing state. When the electronic system detects the pusher, combined with the multi-disc clutch in the center, the rear wheel instantly obtains the driving force and the vehicle immediately enters. The state of wagging the tail. For inexperienced drivers, it is often easy to panic in the face of this instantaneous state change. The correct way to drive is not to be superstitious and exaggerate publicity, and slow down? Into the corner, inertia through. Because of its large mass and high center of gravity, SUV turns slower than cars. If there is a head push or tail flick, keep your direction steady and gently step on the brakes.

Don't think that four-wheel drive models can sit back and relax, and four-wheel drive is not necessarily omnipotent in the snow.

The following focuses on four-wheel drive precautions:

1, let's go: you can do whatever you want, but don't step on the accelerator again, sometimes it will swing;

2. Braking: the safety distance is increased by 2 times, and the braking is judged in advance;

3, steering: slow down in advance, inertia cornering, you can give oil in the corner, but not too much;

The four-wheel drive with rear drive structure is much more stable than the four-wheel drive with front drive structure.

Compared with the four-wheel drive of the front chassis, the four-wheel drive of the rear chassis is much safer, even the four-wheel drive system of the electronically controlled clutch. When does the four-wheel drive of the rear-drive chassis turn into a corner? Displays the tail flick status. At this time, the four-wheel drive system distributes power to the front wheels, which can smoothly resolve the state of tail flick and turn corners in a normal state.

In addition, the central differential is more fun with pure mechanical four-wheel drive. The change from rolling to taxiing is linear, which is easy for drivers to master and express? The tail-swinging characteristic has the pleasure of rear-wheel drive, but it is not so easy to spin, and it is easy to change from the tail-swinging state.

In snowy areas in winter, you can consider preparing a set of snow tires. The adhesion of snow tires on the snowy road is obviously increased. The above methods are all indigenous methods. It is best to prepare a set of winter tires when driving in areas with perennial snow. Does winter tire have a brush tread structure? Increase the adhesion to the snow surface, and even "catch" the snow on the tire surface, so that the vehicle can contact with the snow when driving, so as to obtain better adhesion. What is the purpose of nailing the fetus? A tire for handling ice. Nails on the tread can be embedded in smooth ice, making the ice run like land.

100 yuan is an economical and convenient choice, but you can't drive at high speed!

Qi Jun Xueditai

Because the price of snow tires is relatively high, a set of several thousand yuan is complicated to install and disassemble. Therefore, the more economical anti-skid way is to use anti-skid chain. At present? There are many kinds of snow chains. In the past, steel chains have been replaced by rubber, nylon and plastic chains. These new chains are lighter and easier to install. But what are the disadvantages? You can't drive at high speed.

Some skills of driving on ice and snow roads

The electronic stability program can help the driver to control the vehicle, and it is not necessary to control the throttle and steering carefully when driving, so the driving process becomes more? Safe. ABS is one of the functions that most vehicles have at present, which is more helpful for snow braking, especially for cornering braking, so that you can brake in? Turn around at the same time. This is an advanced skill without abdominal muscles.

In order to avoid slipping, the manual gear can start in the second gear, and both the manual gear and the automatic gear are easy to slip. Manual gear has higher requirements for oil-oil separation and cooperation, so as to avoid starting slip. 1 gear start slip still works? Starting in second gear will reduce the torque on the wheels and delay the occurrence of slip. Automatic gear can start snow mode, and the gearbox will start in high gear. Don't use low gear, it's easy to slip at first, and it's easy to hit the front wheel when the low gear suddenly closes. Slipped and lost his way.

There are many kinds of automatic gears. At present, the more advanced automatic gearbox integrates ASR-driven acceleration slip adjustment, and the selection is made according to the signal fed back by the wheel speed sensor when starting. Gear. Other gearboxes have snow mode, which will reduce the sensitivity of throttle or start in second gear after opening. If it is an older automatic gearbox, no? Snow mode, then don't choose 3, 2, L, which emphasizes torque output. Start with D gear and the throttle is gentle.

If you encounter uphill and the driving wheel slips, you can sprinkle some sand in front of the wheel to increase friction.

Safety awareness and early judgment are always more reliable than driving skills and equipment!

On the ice and snow road, consciousness is more important than skill. Consciousness avoids accidents, and skills can only be preserved!

Fishermen have a saying, "Be careful to sail for thousands of years", which also applies to people who drive on the road. No matter what kind of driving mode and electronic equipment, no matter how good the car is. There are times when you turn over, and the most important thing is consciousness.

1, pavement

Driving in snowy days must first judge the road surface. Generally, when it just snows, the snow is fluffy, and the road surface is not very slippery at this time. Snow will become denser? Slip and fall. The most slippery is the ice surface formed by the melting and solidification of snow. The lie is that there is a layer of floating snow on the ice, which looks not slippery, but is actually worse than the ice. So sentenced? The condition of the damaged road surface is very important. If you are not sure, you can try to brake a few times.

2. Distance

Don't blindly believe in the performance of the vehicle, even the best performance depends on the tires, which are useless. The braking distance in snow is certain, so? Keep a long safe distance when driving and give yourself enough time to judge, just in case.

3. Speed

The acceleration ability of four-wheel drive is stronger than that of two-wheel drive in snow, but the braking distance is the same or longer. So no matter what car is in the snow, the speed is fatal. If there are no snow tires, it is recommended that the driving speed in snow should not exceed 40 km/h.

4. Blind area

Dark ice in the shade of mountain roads is the deadliest killer in winter. Because the braking distance on the snow is extended, you should consider more steps when judging the road. For example, if you can't see the opposite situation when going uphill, you must slow down; Mountain driving? Don't think that the road on a sunny day can speed up without snow. There is often unmelted snow in the shade.

Step 5 glare

Pay attention to the glare of snow when driving in the snowy area in the north. Looking straight at the snowy road for a long time will lead to snow blindness, so wear sunglasses when driving in snowy areas for a long time? .

Summary: No matter what kind of vehicle you drive, you can safely pass through the snow as long as you "drive slowly". While mastering driving skills, we should not neglect safety awareness. As a professional driver, Men Guangyuan has always emphasized: "Consciousness is always more important than technology." Finally, I wish everyone can control their cars and gallop in the beautiful scenery of this winter!

This article comes from car home, the author of the car manufacturer, and does not represent car home's position.