How to make LED luminous characters?

LED has a positive electrode and a negative electrode. The easiest way is that the words that glow don't need to be changed. After the LED to be lit is patterned, all the positive poles (or negative poles) are connected to the positive poles (or negative poles) of the DC power supply, and the other poles are connected to the negative poles (or positive poles) of the power supply with series resistors. The resistance in series generally depends on the power supply voltage you use. Generally speaking, if you use a 5 mm red LED, the DC power supply uses 65438+. Brightness: Try to connect the power supply with a single LED and resistor. This range can be relatively large. This is a parallel mode. The advantage is that a broken lamp will not go out completely. The disadvantage is that the string has more resistance, higher cost and larger current, and the brightness of each led will be inconsistent.

The other is series connection, that is, the positive and negative electrodes of all LEDs are connected end to end, and finally connected to DC power supply with resistors. The voltage of the power supply depends on how many LEDs you connect, or you can use alternating current to supply power through the series resistor behind the rectifier bridge. Advantages are low power consumption and good brightness consistency of lamps. Disadvantages are that if one LED is broken, the whole string will be completely black, and the voltage is difficult to control. This is not recommended.

The power can be calculated with an led of about 0.03W, and the resistance can be calculated with the color ring resistance of 1/4W or 1/8w.