Please give examples in the history of literature or art and talk about your understanding of inheritance and rebellion.

A guide to high marks in modern Chinese

essay

Overall grasp: read the full text, understand the context of the article, have a clear understanding of the object of the author's lyric, be able to roughly repeat the writing ideas, and then answer questions.

Specific questions:

First, sentence excerpts:

1, 1, search method: according to the key words in the stem, target is locked in the palindrome and copied directly.

Example 1: The fourth paragraph is about "ancient" cypress. In the sixth paragraph, the author thinks it is "unfinished business". The sentence that expresses this meaning in this article is _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

(analysis: grasping the unfinished work of the slave, the author portrays Cooper in an anthropomorphic way, and returns to the fourth paragraph specifically. The detailed description sentence is the answer. Note that the phrase "unfinished jade girl" in the sixth paragraph is just a general statement and should not be extracted in the sixth paragraph. )

Example 2: According to the requirements, fill in the appropriate contents about mountains on the horizontal lines in the table below.

Mountains in the south: _ _ _ _ _ _

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ is physically strong and swollen.

Mountains in the west: _ _ _ _ _ _

(analysis: note that the two spaces on the right should be adjectives, so just grab the characteristic words of the two mountains and fill them in. )

2, 2, summary method: go further than the "search method", remove miscellaneous information and decorative elements, and condense the original text on the premise of retaining key sentences.

Example 1: Summarize the singularity of the "singularity" tree written in the third paragraph.

(analysis: in the original text, the "singularity" of cypress is described by metaphor and rhetoric, and it is always removed when summarizing. Compress long sentences into short sentences and change complex sentences into single sentences. Key sentences can be underlined. Pay special attention to the first sentence and the last sentence, which may be a summary or a summary. )

Example 2: Summarize Lu Xun's reading attitude.

(analysis: there are two points in the original text, that is, the attitude of reading two books. Be careful when answering questions, don't leave out. )

Second, the text analysis:

1, 1, meaning: The meaning of a word in a text is generally a word derived from its original meaning, or a rhetorical device is adopted. Pay attention to the relativity of parts of speech when solving problems.

Example 1: The word "founder" in "This founder not only influenced the lives of Beijingers, but also influenced the thoughts of Beijingers" means _ _ _ _ _.

(analysis: "founder" is a noun here. "Not only should we pay attention to the structure ... but also", and answer questions from two aspects: "life" and "thought". )

Example 2: "Kidnapping" means _ _ _ _ in the sentence "Kidnapping from the leaderboard at least first".

(analysis: "kidnapping" is a noun, and here is obviously its extended meaning. Similar to "kidnapping" means "bondage" and so on. In this paper, it is not physical, but obvious mental and psychological. Here, it is "reading ability". )

Exodus 3: "Natural death" in the first paragraph means _ _ _ _ _.

Analysis: Say the name of the subject first, that is, "newspaper", and then "death" is a verb, that is, "disappearance". )

2, 2, a. expand from the local to the whole. Find out what the underlined sentences have to do with the context and analyze them with the central idea of this paragraph.

Example 1: The underlined sentence at the end of the sixth paragraph means _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

(analysis: this sentence is actually written about trees, but it is actually written about people. It can be inferred from the figures listed above in this paragraph. So it is enough to analyze this sentence from the perspective of human nature. )

Example 2: What does the underlined sentence in the seventh paragraph mean? "So these excellent souls are broken like silver fireworks and filled the sky above us?"?

(Analysis: Grasp the two key words of "soul" and "sky overhead" to organize the language, that is, "good character and noble spirit make people respect and admire". Note that when answering questions, don't use modifiers, but have concise and popular explanatory sentences, otherwise it is no different from not explaining. )

3, 3, title analysis: grasp the expression of the title for analysis.

Exodus 1: The title of this article is "The Classical Mellow", and its advantage is _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

(analysis: mellow obviously uses rhetorical devices, specifically metaphor and synaesthesia. Analyze it according to the method of analyzing rhetorical devices. Finally, the theme of the article is brought out by combining the text. )

Example 2: The title of this article is "window containment and door parking", which is quite special. Please briefly talk about the benefits of this topic.

(analysis: the title uses Du Fu's poems, which are full of literary color and point out the object of the article. )

Example 3: The topic "shipwreck" has two meanings: one is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _; The second one is _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

(analysis: obviously, the two meanings of "shipwreck" here are one table and one mile. The surface is a ship as a thing, a ship that sank in a naval battle; Extension is the defeat of Beiyang Navy and the decline and demise of the Qing Empire. )

4, 4, paragraph analysis: generally divided into two parts, namely content and structure. Make a statement when answering questions.

Example 1: There is a long tree description after the third paragraph "Now". What role does this play in the text?

(analysis: in terms of content, closely follow the title of "autumn tree" and name the writing object of the article. In terms of structure, I refer to the last article "Trees show the process of life cycle, showing the ups and downs of nature and vitality", and at the same time triggered the following feelings about trees. )

Exodus 2: In the article, the author wrote a scene at dusk, which shocked him. What two aspects did the author write? What do you mean by two aspects?

(analysis: back to dusk. The first part is about Shui Ying in the Boundless Mountains, which reflects the author's confusion of not finding a pair of childlike eyes in the adult world. The second half describes the "endless" road, which means that the long road of life has no end. Grasp the characteristic relationship between descriptive words and images. )

Third, sentence conversion:

1, abbreviation: the original sentence: "His wife, the country woman who eloped with him after the failure of free love, reluctantly left this world after giving birth to a son for him." Please shorten this sentence to 10 words.

(analysis: just grasp the subject-predicate object of the original sentence, such as "my wife is dead." All other modified components will be deleted. )

2, 2, imitation: In view of the unique structure in the original sentence, create another sentence (be careful not to use the sentence in the text).

Exodus 1: How grateful we are that Li Bai is not as old-fashioned as Master Shaoxing or as resourceful as Kong Ming, otherwise the history of literature will be bleak.

(Analysis: "... is not like ..., and I don't like ..., otherwise ..." is the characteristic of example sentences, and any one can be quoted, such as the history of drama and painting. Pay attention to whether the contrast object corresponds to the characteristics one by one, for example, "Kong Ming" corresponds to "playing tricks". )

Example 2: At the end of the article, comment on the significance of the church to different people by analogy. Try to fill in the missing parts.

For the church, the church is a place to preach; For Christians, it is a place to find comfort and wash the soul; For artists, _ _ _ _ _ _.

(analysis: the stem is limited, defined as the scope of "artists". You should rely on this aspect when answering questions. Note that it should end with a noun. )

Fourth, literary common sense: there is no trick by accumulation.

Five, Lenovo sentiment:

1, 1, Lenovo class: connect the article with your own life and verify a truth with life examples.

Example 1: Friend, there must be many treasures in your "happiness basket". Please share them with us.

(analysis: talk about "happiness" in combination with the article. This is a narrative style. )

2. Inference: Give reasonable answers according to your own ideas.

Example 1: In the last paragraph, the author said: "With the progress of the times, many painful things and feelings of Li Qingzhao have been answered." According to your inference, what is the author's "answer"?

(Analysis: From the situation that Li Qingzhao is not accepted by the public, it is not difficult to speculate that her wish is that her pain can be understood by future generations. On this basis, it can be properly elaborated. )

3. Description: Generally, it is a scene description, and lyric sentences are often used.

Example 1: Use your imagination to describe a scene according to the underlined sentences in Shao Bao's seven-rhyme poems.

Analysis: this poem is a description of "crane dance", which can be interpreted by grasping the movements and demeanor of cranes and people when writing. )

Example 2: At the end of the article, it is said that it is difficult for "modern people" to "fly romantically". Please write a paragraph centering on "romance" and describe a romantic life scene.

(analysis: this "romance" is not a "romantic" style, but a free state of life. Think from this point. )

4. Perception category: inspiration from the article. The argument should be clear, and then elaborate.

Example 1: The opening of Desert Rose gives the author a way to know history. Please talk about the enlightenment it brings to your understanding of things in real life.

(analysis: the examination should be clear, this is the enlightenment of "desert roses bloom", then the argument is "paying attention to the process of things changing" and give another example in life to prove this point. )

Exodus 2: Please associate with "bridge" and talk about your understanding of "bridge".

(analysis: grasp the characteristics of the bridge, such as "bending", "obscurity" and "persistence". Describe it in a lyrical way. )

Explanatory genre

Overall grasp: grasp the object and characteristics of the explanation. Require accuracy and pay special attention to details.

Specific questions:

First, analyze the reasons: review the full text and analyze the phenomenon. Take the sentences in the text as evidence.

Example 1: The main reason for the enduring art of paper-cutting in customs clearance is _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

(Analysis: There are two tips. Then it should be summarized from two aspects: "technology" and "function" )

Example 2: The reason why China is rich in flower resources is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

(Analysis: The first sentence of the fifth paragraph of the article is "China is rich in flower resources ...", so the answer lies in this paragraph. Among them, the iconic word "except" indicates two reasons. You are indispensable when answering questions. )

Introduction: Generally speaking, there are two kinds of people and things, as follows.

People: name, dynasty (China), country (foreign country), personality, masterpiece, status.

Things: name, appearance, (family and genus), habit, function, value, (image).

Example 1: Combining with the full text, briefly introduce plum blossom.

(Analysis: omitted)

Example 2: Please make a summary of the main content of the article about 100 words.

(analysis: the object of the article is "urban color", which is analyzed from the definition, present situation and prospect. Follow this line of thinking when answering questions. )

Exodus 3: Among the newspapers you often read, which newspaper do you like best (sign up)? Please briefly introduce it from two aspects.

(analysis: first of all, we must propose the name of the newspaper. Pay attention to the introduction of "two aspects" in the question stem, which should be clearly reflected in the answer. For example, you can use such related words as "first … second …" or "except …". )

Example 4: According to the context, introduce "Deng Shichang" in concise language.

(Analysis: The position and deeds of Deng Shichang mentioned in the article should be noted not to be omitted. )

Third, induction and generalization: identify key paragraphs and extract them appropriately.

Example 1: From the text, the most important basis for people to judge seal cutting's aesthetics can be summarized as _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

(Analysis: There are three tips. The corresponding content is in the fourth paragraph of the article. Note that if the topic is "artistic aesthetics of seals", the answer is not the characteristics of "printing body" and "printing buckle" mentioned in the first paragraph, but the three items after the "most important point" in the middle, namely "the trinity of calligraphy, composition and knife cutting". )

Example 2: Please organize the ideas of this article and write a summary of about 100 words.

(analysis: the context of the article is clear, and it can be sorted out in the order of "the newspaper industry is facing a crisis" and "the enterprise's coping strategies". )

Example 3: According to the context, the difference between artists and craftsmen can be summarized as _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

(analysis: there is a clear contrast at the beginning of the second paragraph of the article. When answering questions, pay attention to sorting out, the characteristics of artists are grouped together, and the characteristics of craftsmen are classified separately. )

4. Inference and guessing: There is no direct information in the text, but you can make appropriate guesses based on the context and your existing knowledge to answer questions.

Example 1: The author used the word "quiet" when referring to the business districts of European cities. Please infer the reason of "silence"

(Analysis: The article gives the common problems of many advertisements in domestic business circles, which is obviously caused by the lack of effective management. Relatively speaking, "quiet" is the result of effective management. Another point is to extend thinking. In addition to management, human consciousness is also an important part. A similar answer, as long as it is reasonable. )

Exodus 2: According to the context, can we infer the physiological structure characteristics of Archaeopteryx? (Please write three)

(Analysis: The answer can be drawn from the comparison between Archaeopteryx and other birds. Note that some are given in proportion, and some need to be discussed from the opposite side. )

Verb (abbreviation of verb) extended introduction: accurate language and detailed description.

Example 1: imitate the writing form of "staying in the garden", choose a scenic spot you are familiar with and briefly introduce it.

(analysis: try to use descriptive language and describe it in detail. It is advisable to introduce familiar and sure scenic spots. )

Ex. 2: China jade is famous all over the world. Please write a recommendation for "Chinese jade culture" to apply for world cultural heritage.

(analysis: the title is a recommendation. In addition to introducing the characteristics of jade, it should also be properly rendered to enhance the appeal of the article. )

Example 3: For example, talk about the cultural mentality reflected by today's clothing.

(Analysis: We can look at this problem from many angles. For example, brand worship, cultural diversity, open and inclusive mentality and so on. )

Please give another example in the history of literature or art to talk about your understanding of the relationship between inheritance and rebellion.

(Analysis: The objects of "inheritance" and "rebellion" should be clear, inherit the spirit of "innovation" and rebel against "unchanging tradition". Examples should be accurate, especially in the field of literature or art history. Pay attention to the clear presentation of the first and last arguments. )

Argumentative writing

Overall grasp: analyze whether the text is an argument or a rebuttal. If it is a paper, what is the author's opinion? If it is a rebuttal paper, what is the author's rebuttal point of view and his own point of view?

Specific questions:

1. Looking for arguments: The author puts forward arguments in various ways, including directly indicating arguments and denying assumptions. Pay attention to analysis.

Example 1: The author thinks that the condition of success is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

(analysis: the first paragraph "because there is no objective goal and scientific attitude and method, it is difficult to succeed." Put forward opinions from negative assumptions. When answering questions, explain them positively. )

Example 2: A and B have expressed different views on the advantages and disadvantages of Chinese characters in the information society. Please write down the opinions of the two authors _ _ _ _ _.

(analysis: two people look at things from different angles, so they come to different conclusions. Go back to the text and find the central sentence. )

Second, the process of argumentative writing: argumentative writing can basically be divided into three sections: asking questions, analyzing problems and solving problems, namely what to do, why to do it and how to do it. Arrange the corresponding paragraphs according to the full text.

Example 1: judging from the discussion process, the author started with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

(analysis: three spaces correspond to three basic elements. Just combine the text when you answer the question. )

Third, the text analysis: Generally speaking, the effect of argumentative writing is: to turn the abstract into concrete, to see the big from the small, with rich connotations, to list details and to embody popularity.

1, reasoning type: it is expounded through the qualitative analysis given in this paper, combined with your own sentences.

Example 1: According to the author's point of view, please infer the psychological motives of middle school students' "fashion consumption" (human feelings, communication, famous brands, online consumption, etc. ).

(analysis: first find out the answers given by the author from the text, such as "curiosity", "conformity" and "publicity", and then explain. Pay attention to "psychological motivation", that is, non-objective social environment, and it is wrong to answer the latter. )

Example 2: According to Fukuyama's viewpoint, infer the efforts that China should make for further development, and write the reasons.

(analysis: find a paragraph with Fukuyama's point of view. He proposed that "countries with extensive interpersonal trust" can "develop large multinational companies" better than other countries. It can be seen that "improving the scope of man-machine trust" is the development direction. Pay attention to the reasons, the reasons are also in this paragraph, and you can extract them appropriately. )

2. Abstract type: summarize the full text, focus on the three elements of argumentative writing, and clearly write the central sentence.

Example 1: Please make a summary of the main contents of this article in about 100 words.

(Analysis: The title of the article is "On the Cultural Significance of Fashion", so let's start with the definition, concept and significance of fashion. )

Attachment: Expression mode

1, 1. Rhetoric:

1, 1, metaphor: used to describe, explain and describe things, which can make things vivid, vivid and concrete and give people a vivid impression; When it is used in argumentative writing, it can concretize abstract truth and make abstruse truth easy to understand.

2, 2, analogy: can make readers have a vivid impression on the things expressed, produce strong feelings, and cause * * *.

3. personification: endow people with the characteristics and specific images of the things (scenery) described, and express their love and appreciation.

4, 4, metonymy: can highlight the image and make it concrete and vivid.

5, 5, exaggeration: can arouse rich imagination, better highlight the characteristics of things, and arouse readers' strong * * *.

6, 6, Duality: Formally, syllables are neat and symmetrical, with a strong sense of rhythm and rhythmic beauty; The content is concise and concentrated, with strong generality.

7, 7, parallelism: it can enhance the momentum of language. Accustomed to reasoning, can explain the truth more closely and thoroughly; Used to express feelings, can express feelings to the fullest.

8, 8, setting questions: the overall role is to arouse readers' thinking. Used in the title, it can attract readers, inspire readers to think and better reflect the center of the article; Used at the beginning or end of a paragraph, it can not only arouse thinking, but also play a transitional role in connecting the preceding with the following; When used in argumentative writing, the argument can be deepened and the context is clear.

9. rhetorical question: express definite meaning in the form of questions. Used to strengthen tone and express strong feelings.

10, repetition: semantic coherence, strengthening the feelings expressed; Repetitive intervals have the effect of causing contrast.

1 1. citation: the argument can fully prove the point; Lyricism can make articles rich and elegant.

Second, person analysis: the advantages of the first, second and third person are as follows. Combined with the specific analysis of the text.

First person: Narrating in an immersive tone is true and close, which can enhance credibility.

The second person said: Closer to the distance between the author and the reader, there is an immersive feeling, which is convenient for a spiritual dialogue with the reader, friendly and natural, and easy to express feelings.

The third person: narrated in the form of objective narration, relaxed and free, easy to stretch from multiple angles.

Third, the chapter structure: The first sentence is the title, cut to the chase, get down to business, express your ambition, bond feelings with scenery, make an appropriate overall score, see the big picture from the small, deepen at different levels, take care of it, pave the way, etc.

Fourth, the layout of the article:

1, the function of the beginning of the article: ① leading out the full text; (2) lead to the following and lead to the topic; (3) pave the way for or compare the following.

2. The role of paragraph in the article: It plays a transitional role in the structure.

3. The role of the ending: ① emotional sublimation; ② theme deepening; Words are endless, endless.