Those things in the state-owned third-line factory

State-owned third-tier factories are full of memories and emotions of China's post-50s, post-60s and partial post-70s. At that time, being able to enter the state-owned third-tier factories was a symbol of pride, not to mention being a big factory, the real working class. Many young people in business and service industries (now called the tertiary industry) are eager to have the opportunity to transfer to state-owned factories, even if their welfare is good. At that time, the consciousness of the working class was really high. At that time, there was a jingle called "Give youth to life, give life to children and grandchildren". Everyone happily dedicated their youth, and many old masters in the factory dedicated their lives to the factory.

How to raise lazy people with a pot of rice

When it comes to professionalism, it is by no means a talk. It is said that at that time, the big pot raised lazy people and worked more and less. In fact, the person who said this is either ignorant or has ulterior motives. People everywhere are olive-shaped, and the advanced ones are a few. How else can you call them advanced? Lazy people are in the minority, otherwise how can they be called backward? Advanced elements are glorious, while backward elements are looked down upon. What kind of people do you think are more? How many lazy people can a big pot of rice support? As for the restructuring or bankruptcy of state-owned enterprises, I don't understand that lazy people are raised in the same pot. Anyway, there are very few lazy people. There are three or two workshops with hundreds of people, and a production team with dozens of people is great. And lazy people are not easy to be. Laziness means that others must work harder. Do you think others will give you a good look? Is it easy to be despised and isolated in a group? Even without self-esteem, at least it is boring.

To put it bluntly, it means "do more and do less", but it is not "everyone is the same". This is a misunderstanding. Many people think that it is "everyone does more and does less", but in fact it is "doing more and doing less". What do you mean? In other words, the salary at that time was fixed per person per month, and everyone was paid the same amount for more work and less work. There is no such thing as overtime pay. The level of salary is determined by the type of work and level. The old master entered the factory early and made many contributions, so his level was high. For example, the salary of level 6 workers is higher than that of level 3 workers, and the highest level is eight. So everyone is different, and everyone is not a horizontal comparison; And everyone's promotion, in addition to the length of service, but also to test technology (including writing and operation), but also comprehensive performance and mass evaluation.

It is now popular to call it "equal pay for equal work", which is wrong. For example, a 20-year-old young man who just entered the factory and a 40-year-old master who has worked in the factory for 20 years have the same salary as long as they are in one position. Hehe, laugh when you feel reasonable at the age of 20, and cry when you feel unreasonable at the age of 40.

Don't say it's reasonable or unreasonable, don't worry. Just tell me about myself. My factory is a medium-sized factory, which specializes in producing machine tools. How many people are there in the whole factory? I don't know because I'm not the factory director, but I used to be a militia. I only remember that the militia system in our factory is a regiment, hehe.

At that time, you had to be an apprentice to enter the factory. The concept of this apprentice is not the same as it is now. At that time, the concept of "apprentice" was to get "apprentice salary". I remember it was about every month 189 yuan. Apprentice for three years, salary unchanged. After three years of "full-time teaching", you will become a junior worker, and your salary will rise to the standard of junior workers accordingly. I studied grinder (a kind of mechanical work). Why put quotation marks on "Man Shi"? Because the full division is not about whether you can operate independently or "get out of the mountain", but the concept of time, that is, three years, not a day less. Another reason for the quotation marks is that after I took my apprentice for a year. When I brought my second apprentice the next year, the first apprentice also brought his apprentice. I became a veritable teacher. By the time I was a full-time teacher for three years, I had brought three apprentices to the factory. In these three years, our "three generations of mentoring" received the same apprenticeship salary. Do you think this is fair? But I don't think it's unfair, because other old masters come here like this. I only remember that before I became a teacher, I was proud to be a teacher.

As for the big pot of rice, does it raise lazy people? I don't think so. It's just that no one can starve to death or get rich. It is true that everyone lives step by step, and material desires are not as strong as they are now. Anyway, everyone has the same money, less competition and less bad ideas. Later, it was restructured and many state-owned enterprises were privatized. Workers are no longer the owners of factories, some people become bosses, but more people are fired.

It used to be called "everything depends on money". With the gap between the rich and the poor, there will be comparisons, there will be time and tide wait for no man, there will be unscrupulous means, and there will be materialistic desires. Without psychological preparation, the national money-making competition will inevitably open the Pandora's box of social mutual harm.

New long March commandos

The most powerful reason for the restructuring of state-owned enterprises is "on the verge of bankruptcy". I am not an economist, but when it comes to bankruptcy, I think it should still be a problem of industrial structure and market distribution, which has little to do with workers. In fact, in those days, most factories were operated on two shifts, that is, the morning shift (8: 00-17: 00) and the middle shift (14: 00 -23: 00), and many large state-owned factories were operated on three shifts, that is to say, in theory, the machines operated all day. How can foreigners be as hardworking as China people?

At that time, the production task of our factory was also quite tight. It is normal for all workers to work in two shifts. By the end of the month, they always have to work overtime to catch up with the task, but there is no overtime pay for overtime work. In addition to working overtime normally in groups, the factory also evaluates the "March 8th Red Flag Bearer" and "New Long March Assaulter". I am young and will naturally be "surprised". This "surprise" is to do more work than others in front of the machine tool. Then at the end of the year, I will send a towel or an enamel tea jar as a souvenir. I also have a towel with the words "New Long March Assaulter" printed on it, which I have been reluctant to use.

At that time, it was normal for everyone to work overtime at the end of the month, that is, two shifts, 16 hours. My personal record is four shifts in a row, that is, from the first morning shift to the second morning shift, which is theoretically 32 hours according to the 8-hour working system. Of course, after midnight, I am really sleepy. I rested for an hour in order to turn off the machine tool safely. This kind of experience is only once, but it is common for everyone to work two or three shifts in a row. At that time, he was young, energetic and energetic. As long as the production report of the workshop shows that the task has been completed, everyone will be happy and it will be natural. Completing the task every month is just a sense of honor.

At that time, there was no overtime pay, but there was a snack fee, which was fifty cents a night for middle-class people. Therefore, I like to go to the middle class best. If there is a householder or someone needs to change the early shift, I am happy to change to the middle shift. It's best to work in the middle class all month. Think about it. Young people are night owls. Even if they go to the morning shift (day shift), they will go to bed after 1 1 at night. The middle class can sleep late in the morning, and work and rest will not be affected at night. Once I came home from work in the middle class and lay in bed reading the martial arts novel Legend of the Condor Heroes until dawn, which did not affect my going to work the next day.

The most important thing is that there is a snack fee of 50 cents every day. Eat a bowl of noodles at most 1 gross food stamps in the canteen at night, and the snack fee of 50 cents is real money. So at that time, the midnight snack last month at the beginning of the month was very time-consuming, and that was when we young people made a fortune. Most importantly, you don't have to pay for your parents' dinner, and you can save your own money.

By the seventh year of my work, I had been promoted to level 4, bathed in the spring breeze of reform, and the factory implemented the director responsibility system. The factory director has the right to a personal salary increase (reward salary), and I was unexpectedly given a half-level salary increase by the factory director. The director doesn't know me at all. It must be the quota reported by the workshop. So far, I'm grateful, and it's my honor to be a senior three.

Factory infirmary

At that time, there was another advantage of being a working class, that is, it was really convenient and happy to see a doctor.

Needless to say, all state-owned factories have their own hospitals, such as bosses like WISCO. Smaller ones also have their own health centers. Let's call it the infirmary, but it's actually a small factory. As long as there are more than 100 people, there will be an infirmary. Generally, two factory doctors work in two shifts.

The infirmary of our factory is relatively large, with several factory doctors, middle-class staff and full-time pharmacists. At that time, some factory doctors were assigned from schools after graduation, some were demobilized military doctors, and some doctors "helped" after retirement (there was no re-employment at that time). The infirmary of our factory also has special employee medical records, just like those of hospitals.

Factory doctors are actually very powerful. Now they are general practitioners and "personal doctors" for employees. When dealing with machines in factories, minor injuries at work are commonplace. It's convenient to go to the infirmary for debridement and dressing. Like sewing two or three stitches, some factory doctors can do it, and then prescribe a few anti-inflammatory drugs, and it will be done in ten minutes without going out. Workers usually have headaches and brain fever. Just go to the infirmary and prescribe some medicine. Even if you go to the hospital seriously, you can get an injection back to the factory on time every day, and you can get an injection at work. I remember that the infirmary of our factory can also have intravenous drip. The point is that these are all free, and they are all paid by the factory. You said it was convenient or not, happy or not. Unlike now, if you don't look at a minor illness, you can't. If you have to go to the hospital, it is extremely difficult to park in or around the hospital. It takes a long time to go to the hospital, no matter what the illness is. Sometimes I think about it, I'd better bite my teeth and carry it. At that time, there were factory doctors, and it was not efficiency to see a doctor without delay.

When I was in my twenties, I became the production team leader. The team leader was divided into two classes, and each class had more than a dozen people in several processes. When I said that I was a team leader in my twenties, I didn't praise myself, but because I was young and ignorant, I made jokes and I still remember them vividly.

At that time, factory doctors not only had the right to prescribe, but also had the right to write fake notes. Even the fake notes sent by the employees of the outside hospital have to be verified by the doctors in the factory and become sick notes in the factory. Once, a young female worker in the group who was two years older than me came back from the infirmary and gave me a sick note saying that the factory doctor told me to rest. I glanced at the sick note, and everyone knew the doctor while dancing. I looked at it carefully and couldn't understand it, but I couldn't say that I didn't understand it. I nodded and agreed that she was ill and went home. But I have doubts in my heart. The workshop dispatcher, not much older than me, found a machine tool stopped and asked why. I said someone called in sick. What did he ask? I took out my sick note and asked him, "What is pain?" The buddy couldn't understand it for a long time, so we asked an old master next to her. Unexpectedly, she laughed out of breath: "What hurts? It's dysmenorrhea It's the girl's fault. You don't care about her. If the doctor asks for sick leave, that's fine. " We fainted on the spot. Doctor, please stop doodling next time and be serious.

Summer high temperature heatstroke prevention

I don't know how to prevent heatstroke in the factory in summer. It seems that the high temperature fee has been paid. Now all the money has been punched in. It is really unclear whether the high temperature fee has been refunded. Even if it is paid, it still lacks human touch. It is not known whether employees will really use it for heatstroke prevention and cooling.

At that time, the factory's high temperature heatstroke prevention was still very good. Big Macs in state-owned factories have their own internal soda factories, cold drinks factories and popsicle factories, which are produced and supplied to the workers in the factories. Although our factory is not big enough to have its own branch, I have seen the old masters in the factory develop their own popsicle machines according to the requirements of the logistics department in the factory. For our factory, it is said that guns can be produced as long as there are drawings. It's no small matter to build some popsicle machines. So the popsicles in our factory are made by ourselves at three o'clock every afternoon in summer. When we arrive, each workshop will send someone to take the washbasin back and distribute it. It's really cool to go down to one, hehe, it's very sweet. In addition to making our own popsicles, our factory, like all other factories, makes its own cold drinks, such as iced sour plum soup and sherbet, and sends them to various workshops in insulated barrels for employees to drink. Also distributed their own printed cold drink coupons, employees can use the coupons to go to designated places and pour them home with thermos bottles for the elderly and children to drink.

At that time, all units distributed soda and watermelon for heatstroke prevention, and the amount was different according to the type of work. For example, there may be more heat treatment workshops in our factory than other workshops, but there are usually several boxes for one person. No one wants to let the unit drink, and take the whole bundle of bicycles home to honor the elderly and children. All the bottles and cans that have been drunk must be carried back to the unit for unified return. The happiest thing is to share watermelons. The factory uses its own truck to pull watermelons in other places. If the bus comes back late, everyone will stay after work according to the notice of the factory. At that time, there was no mobile phone, and I didn't know what happened on the road or where I was. Even the factory director is as pure and stupid as we are. As soon as the bus arrived, everyone helped unload the melons. Watermelon basks in the sun all the way, and even when it arrives at the factory at night, it feels warm. Then everyone divided the area into piles according to the number of people on the ground, trying to match the size, but no one would care too much. Generally, each person can be divided into five or six at a time. Tie two trouser legs together as a bag with overalls, put them in just right, then cross the back frame of the bicycle and return with a full load.

Watermelon can be eaten for a week when it is moved home and rolled under the bed. When eating, you can take one in advance and ice it with well water, which is full of happiness.

Bulk electric fan

I remember watching the Japanese movie Chase, and I was deeply impressed by a desk fan on Shi Cun's desk. I really envy you. It would be great if electric fans were popularized in China.

Later, electric fans were also sold in domestic shops, but tens of dollars was a luxury compared with our wages at that time, and few people could buy one.

I didn't expect the factory welfare to come. At that time, many large manufacturers contacted various electric fan factories to customize electric fans, or they might draw their own drawings and find different manufacturers to customize accessories. Anyway, every employee can order one, or it is floor-standing (now called vertical), and the price is almost the cost price. It's quite cheap, and almost no one gives up ordering.

So everyone is looking forward to the arrival of goods every day, not the whole finished electric fan, but spare parts. All the motors will arrive today, one for each person, and all the chassis will arrive tomorrow. The fan blades will arrive in two days, the mesh cover will arrive in a few days, and then the keyboard will switch the box. Finally, all the accessories arrived, and everyone happily began to assemble the electric fan, because they were all mechanics. With the finished parts, it is no problem to assemble the electric fan yourself, even the female workers. The most technical thing in assembling electric fans is to install fan blades. Now all the blades bought online can be used. It was different then. The balance quality of blades is not as good as it is now. Coupled with the slight deformation that may be caused during transportation, there will be wind and noise if the installation is not good. Therefore, most fan blades should be tested and corrected with a dial indicator on the workbench before installation, so that they can be installed safely. Now a small number of locksmiths are very awesome, especially women workers and young women workers are all around begging, hehe.

The assembled brand-new floor-standing electric fan is quite arrogant in the eyes of neighbors in the compound. After all, the welfare of workers in big factories is good! In the evening, neighbors moved the bamboo couch into the yard to enjoy the cool, so they dragged a wiring board to move the electric fan into the yard to share with everyone. This feeling is great.

The militia began to drill.

Another feature of the working class at that time was that it was also an organized militia Large state-owned factories are militia divisions, which are divided into infantry regiments and anti-aircraft artillery regiments. Medium-sized factories are also militia groups, and there will be anti-aircraft machine gun companies inside. The average factory also has the scale of battalion and company, and even the smallest factory is organized into company and platoon for formal training. In the concept of national defense at that time, the militia was indeed an armed force that could not be ignored. Because of the particularity of the working class, it is organized and disciplined, so once there is war mobilization, any city can pull out the whole regiment and division at any time and quickly form an army.

Our factory is the size of a militia group, and we should also conduct regular training. Militia training is a happy moment. First of all, young people, especially boys, don't like guns. Secondly, although the training will be arranged at a time when the production task is a little empty, it is equivalent to "playing with guns" during office hours. Can you be unhappy?

In fact, at that time, the militia's military literacy and combat effectiveness were quite good. Platoon leaders are usually veterans and demobilized cadres. There should be no problem with the quality of individual soldiers, and they also organize training at ordinary times. Speaking of shooting assessment, most of the 7 th to 9 th rings are basic results. Our training venues are generally two kinds. When time is enough, we will go to nearby Wu Shan to find a vacant lot. When time is short, we go to the roof of the factory building. Basic training is aiming at the target. I like both places. Going up the mountain with a gun, I can't help humming the theme song melody in Albanian movies: Go up the mountain quickly, warriors, and we will join the guerrillas in spring. Training on the top of a tall factory building, walking around, pointing the gun at your face, will ring the classic lines in Yugoslav movies: this city is called Walter!

In addition to training, the factory also regularly arranges militia backbones to take turns cleaning guns, oiling them and maintaining weapons. At that time, the militia's guns were put in their own factories. Our factory had a special arsenal, in which besides rifles, there were light machine guns and heavy machine guns, which were placed on rows of wooden gun racks. We will spread tarpaulins, dismantle guns and load oil in the open space of the factory, and the workers coming and going in the factory are also commonplace. At that time, people in China had no mystery about guns. We marched up the mountain with guns on our backs, and people on the road turned a blind eye. Even if we practice aiming on the grass on the mountain, only a few Xiong Haizi will watch with envy occasionally. Most of our rifles are semi-automatic rifles, that is, they imitate the 56-type semi-automatic rifles of SKS in the Soviet Union. They should all be old guns eliminated by the army, but they are equipped with triangular bayonets, not the old sword-shaped flat bayonets in the poster of "Island Women's Militia", which shows that the equipment is still possible. There are also several Type 56 automatic rifles (China classic AK-47), which are new, presumably to familiarize the militia. But we all like semi-automatic shooting, which is convenient and easy to use. Sure enough, not long after, in the front line of the self-defense counterattack against Vietnam, the 56th Division and a half still performed well.

In addition to training and maintaining guns, militiamen are also on duty on holidays. At that time, there were no big holidays, not even weekends. Saturday is the weekend. However, there are still normal holidays, so there will be young militia on duty during holidays, mainly at night. There were no thieves, and I don't know who was on duty. It smells like a factory guard anyway. Militiamen are not equipped with guns on duty, but when patrolling (turning around) after midnight, in addition to important places such as warehouses and financial offices, the armory is also a point on the prescribed route. One Spring Festival, it was my turn to be on duty. When I visited the armory in the middle of the night, I really felt a sense of sacredness mixed with inexplicable tension.

Later, I don't know when the guns of the factory militia were handed over to the local people's armed forces department, and our factory's arsenal also completed its historical mission.