Chinese courseware of the second volume of senior one: short songs

The first teaching goal

1. Taste the thirst for talent expressed in poetry.

2. Improve students' ability to appreci

Chinese courseware of the second volume of senior one: short songs

The first teaching goal

1. Taste the thirst for talent expressed in poetry.

2. Improve students' ability to appreciate ancient poetry.

3. Cultivate noble moral sentiments

Teaching methods of reading appreciation, discussion and analysis

The teaching idea is to experience the thoughts and feelings of "sadness", generosity and sadness in "short songs" through reading, analysis and discussion.

One class hour is used for teaching.

Specific teaching steps

Mao Zedong in Qinyuanchun? In Snow, monarchs of past dynasties were admired by the imposing manner of puffing away: "I cherish the Hanwu of Qin Huang, but my literary talent is a little poor, which is slightly inferior to that of Tang Zong's ancestors. "A generation of Tianjiao, Genghis Khan, only knows how to shoot an eagle with a bow." It is true that with Mao Zedong's literary skills, we can really overlook the feudal emperors from such a height. If only one person can compare with him, it can only be Cao Cao and Wei Wudi.

Second, the author introduces.

Cao Cao (155-220) was an outstanding politician, strategist and writer in the Three Kingdoms period. He implements the policy of "elite management". "Holding the emperor to make the princes". "There is martial arts outside and literature inside" has made an indelible contribution to the development of history. Cao Cao has a high artistic accomplishment. His Yuefu poems inherited the realistic spirit of Han Yuefu folk songs. His poems are simple in language, deep in emotion, desolate and tragic in style, and have high artistry. And Cao Caoji.

Third, the writing background

On the eve of Chibi War, after Cao Cao's army was chained to the ship, Cao Cao looked at the mighty momentum of the army and thought that in a few days, he could wipe out the four seas and unify the Central Plains, and he could not help but be overjoyed. So he prepared drum music, sang and danced to strengthen the military power, and drank until midnight when he suddenly heard the reputation of crows flying south. When Cao Cao felt this scene, he sang this short song, expressing his ambition to unify the Central Plains. I can't help feeling. Unfortunately, not long after, Cao Cao was defeated by Sun and Liu Lianjun in Chibi, but this immortal Yuefu poem was widely sung.

Fourth, the understanding of the topic

"Short songs" is an old topic in Han Yuefu, which belongs to "Chorus? Flat tone. Yuefu also has Long song. Long song, a short song refers to the length of a tune. Line, a genre of ancient songs. This is probably a song for the party.

Fifth, students have emotional recitation demonstration recitation

Sixth, the overall perception and appreciation of the whole article.

(A) appreciate deconstructive poetry section by section.

Decomposition 1 is the song of wine, the geometry of life? For example, morning dew is much more difficult to go to Japan. Be generous and unforgettable. Du Kang is the only one who can solve the problem.

The author emphasizes in the book that he is worried, so what is he worried about? What style (personality)?

"When drinking songs, life geometry? For example, Chaolu is much more difficult to go to Japan. " Sad mood, lamenting the shortness of life and the passage of time; More importantly, the whole poem is full of high emotions and contains the idea of timely efforts. It is closely related to the poet's pursuit of virtue and achievement.

In these eight poems, the main emotional feature is a word "sorrow", which needs to be dispelled by wine. The emotion of "worry" itself cannot be evaluated, only the objective content of this emotion can be evaluated, that is, what is "worry". Worrying because of selfishness, decadence and even reaction is a negative emotion; On the contrary, worrying about the purpose of some progress becomes a positive emotion. Looking at the specific historical background, the melancholy expressed by Cao Cao here belongs to the latter and should be properly evaluated in history.

Break down two green wild peas and put them leisurely in my heart. But for your sake, I've thought it over. A herd of deer, yo, ate mugwort in Ye Yuan. I have a group of good guests, playing the piano and playing the piano.

Doubt: What verses are quoted here? What does it say? What's the technique?

Qing: These eight sentences are lingering and profound. Is that "Qingqing" actually the Book of Songs? Zheng Feng? In Jpua, the original poem is about a girl who misses her lover. Even if I don't go, I'd rather not send a message? "Your green collar deeply bothers me. Although I can't come to you, why don't you take the initiative to send me a message? ) Cao Cao quoted this poem and said that he had been reciting it in a low voice, which was really ingenious. Allusions directly refer to the yearning for "talents"; But more importantly, he omitted two sentences: "Even if I don't go, I'd rather not send a message?" Because it is impossible for Cao Cao to look for those "talents" one by one, he reminded them in this subtle way: "Even if I don't look for you, why don't you take the initiative to look for me?" From this implicit sentence, we can see that his intention of "seeking the virtuous" is really thoughtful and has touching power. And this touching power embodies the combination of politics and artistic creation.

Then he quoted the Book of Songs? Xiaoya? Four sentences in "Luming Literature" describe the scene of the banquet between the two parties, which means that as long as you come to me, I will treat you wholeheartedly as a "guest". In these eight sentences, the word "seeking talent" is still not clearly stated. Because Cao Cao writes poems, he uses allusions as metaphors. This is the expression method of "being gentle, respectful and frugal" (that is, the implicit expression).

Decomposition 3 is as clear as the moon, when can it be achieved? The troubles come from this and cannot be cut off. The weirder, the more useless. Talk about the banquet and miss the old grace.

Q: How did this group of poems relate to the previous poems and develop poetry?

Tip: These eight sentences are the focus and care of the above sixteen sentences. The above sixteen sentences mainly have two meanings, that is, worrying about seeking the virtuous and treating the virtuous with courtesy. The first four sentences are about sadness, not the first eight; The last four sentences are about the arrival of "talents". These are the last eight sentences. Therefore, the whole poem is more restrained and deep, and the lyrical intensity is strengthened. Judging from the literary theme of expressing poetry, these eight sentences are not simple repetitions, but contain profound meanings.

The first statement: the bright moon in the sky has been running and will not stop ("stop" means "stop" and "short song played by Jin Yue" means "stop"); In the same way, my idea of seeking the virtuous will not be cut off. On this point, the author will make it more clear below. It is just a connecting link and plays a transitional and buffering role.

The second way of saying it: "As bright as the moon, when can I forget it?" Literally, it means "when can the bright moon in the sky be picked?" Here, a metaphor is used to compare talents to the bright moon, which appropriately expresses the desire of talents to return. Without realizing this, "troubles come from this and cannot be cut off."

In April, the stars were broken down, and the black magpie flew south and circled the tree three times. What can we rely on? The mountain is not too high, the sea is not too deep, the duke of Zhou vomits, and the world returns to the heart.

Doubt: What can I do to interpret the first four sentences?

The first four sentences are descriptions of the natural environment. According to legend, this poem was written on the eve of the decisive battle between Cao Cao and Sun Quan. Cao Cao hosted a banquet in honor of the generals by the Yangtze River. In fact, the moon is near noon, which makes the poet be elated. Therefore, Cao Cao used the scene of black magpies circling trees and "with what branches" to inspire the wise. Don't be half-hearted, be good at choosing branches and live, and come to your side quickly These four poems vividly describe the situation and mood of the hesitators, but the author not only does not accuse them at all, but reveals his concern and sympathy for these people in his rich poems. It is completely reasonable to attract and strive for talents, and it also gives full play to the unique infectious role of poetry.

Question: How do the last four sentences express the main idea?

Analysis hint: The last four sentences make the finishing point, and are bold and clear. I hope all talents will come back to me and understand the theme of this poem. Quoting the allusions of "Duke Zhou's gluttony" highlights the author's thirst for talents. The sentence "The mountain will never be too high and the sea will never be too deep" also convincingly shows that the more talents, the better (the mountain will never be too high, so it can be high; The sea never tires of water, so it can become deep; You never tire of scholars, and the world returns to your heart.

(2) Answer the questions according to the group discussion.

1. What is the theme (theme) expressed in this poem?

2. What artistic expressions are used in this poem?

3. How does the poet express his thirst for talent in twists and turns?

Seven. abstract

The short song reveals that the author is eager to recruit talents and make contributions, and hopes that a large number of talents will be used for himself. In his political activities, Cao Cao strongly emphasized that "meritocracy is the best way to do things", and for this reason, he successively issued orders such as seeking talents, talents and leisure. The short song is actually a thirsty song. Because of its poetic form and rich lyric elements, it can play a unique infectious role. Vigorously publicize his persistence and cooperate with the decrees he promulgated.

Eight, homework skillfully read and understand the main ideas.

Nine, blackboard writing design

Chapter 2 1 discusses the status and content of textbooks.

"Short Song" is the second song in Lesson 8, Unit 2, a compulsory language in Senior One of People's Education Press. This unit mainly studies the poems from the pre-Qin Dynasty to the Southern and Northern Dynasties. The unit content includes: The Book of Songs, two poems by Li *, Peacock Flying Southeast and three poems by Han, Wei and Jin Dynasties, which is another stage for freshmen in senior high school to learn poetry on the basis of compulsory 1 Unit 1.

Short Songs is a four-character poem written by Cao Cao in Wei and Jin Dynasties with the theme of old Yuefu. Although it inherited the tradition of Yuefu in Han Dynasty, it swept away the decadent poetic style of enjoying life in time in the face of short life in Han Dynasty and replaced it with vivid realistic content-lofty political ideal, desire to make contributions and strong personality, which all reflected the creative style of Wei and Jin literati. Learning it has positive educational significance for middle school students' ideological morality and life value orientation.

Second, talk about teaching objectives

Reading Appreciation is the main part of senior high school Chinese textbook published by People's Education Press. The requirements of the new curriculum standard for this part are that students can constantly enrich their spiritual life, improve their personality and enhance their life realm in appreciation activities; And can read fluently in Mandarin, properly express the thoughts and feelings of the text and their own reading feelings, and improve students' Chinese literacy. Therefore, both the syllabus and textbooks emphasize that the teaching of Chinese poetry appreciation unit in senior high school must focus on cultivating students' good reading quality, and the teaching focus must be on how to guide students to read and appreciate.

According to the characteristics of Curriculum Standards and textbooks, combined with students' basic learning situation, the teaching objectives of this course are formulated as follows:

1, knowledge and skills:

(1), can read poems fluently in Mandarin;

(2) Understand the connotation of Cao Cao's "sorrow" and feel the emotional changes in his poems;

(3) Learn and master the appreciation methods of using metaphors and allusions in poetry.

2. Process and method: Through situational creation, repeated reading, questioning and discussion, students are guided to explore and feel the text independently, and their learning abilities such as independent cooperation and method induction are cultivated.

3. Emotion and attitude: Experience and learn Cao Cao's enterprising spirit and realize the value of life.

Third, talk about the difficulties in teaching.

Teaching emphasis: experience the tortuous expression of the poet's desire to recruit talented people to make contributions.

Teaching difficulties: 1. Grasp the artistic conception (content) of poetry through the language of poetry.

2. Use allusions and metaphors to express feelings.

Fourth, talk about learning.

My class is K- 1 class, and the students' learning situation in this class is as follows:

1. In terms of knowledge and ability, poetry emphasizes reading aloud, but in terms of reading aloud, compared with other literary genres, senior one students in our school are more interested in reading poetry aloud. If we can grasp this point, it will increase the learning atmosphere in the classroom. However, students' understanding of poetry is still at a preliminary level. During the study of the first unit of the compulsory course "Modern Poetry in China", we found that students have a narrow reading range and shallow life experience, and they have no patience to explore the poet's thoughts and feelings through poetry, so it is difficult to grasp the thoughts and feelings of poetry. Although this unit has paved the way for the previous poetry teaching, I feel that the students' foundation of reading poetry is still relatively weak, and their ability to appreciate poetry needs to be further strengthened.

2. Personality: This kind of students are not active enough to study, like silence, can't actively participate in classroom activities, and can't express themselves. Like passive acceptance, teachers should learn a little when they speak, and their autonomy needs to be cultivated and improved.

Learning methods: Due to the limited learning ability, there are more subjects in senior high school, and there are not many subjects that can be completed independently after class, so there is no time to review, let alone preview new lessons. Often a text can't be read before class, and many teaching tasks can only be completed by classroom time.

Third, talk about teaching methods.

According to the content of the textbook and the characteristics of learners, students are encouraged to study independently, arouse their initiative, cultivate their ability to analyze and solve problems, improve their Chinese literacy, and acquire the ability and methods to learn to learn. This lesson mainly adopts the following strategies:

1. experience method: students can read aloud in combination with the situation, which can deeply understand the emotion and connotation of poetry.

2. Questioning and dispelling doubts: guide students to be good at finding and asking questions, and cultivate personalized reading ability.

3. Group cooperation dialogue and communication method: through the dialogue between students and texts-the dialogue between students and teachers, students' autonomy, cooperation and inquiry ability are cultivated.

4. Expanding research method: using old and new knowledge to expand transmission and enrich the cultural connotation of poetry.

Preparation of teaching resources for verbs (abbreviation of verb)

(1) video clip of Cao Cao's poem writing in Romance of the Three Kingdoms.

② Self-made ppt courseware

Sixth, talk about the teaching process.

(1) Review the import scenario and determine the learning objectives: (4 minutes)

2. Introduction topic: Today, we are going to learn a short song that he sang when he led an army of 800,000 troops and lined up along the Yangtze River, hoping to wipe out the "Sun-Liu Alliance" in one fell swoop. There were banquets and poems.

Design intention: Starting from talking about Cao Cao, see how students' knowledge reserves and reading ability are. Guide students into poetry and Cao Cao's heart.

(2), the overall perception of poetry (8 minutes)

1, reading perception: organize students to read the whole poem freely and initially perceive the whole poem.

2. pronunciation. The teacher used multimedia to show the pronunciation of important words preset in this poem.

3. Situational infection: Play a video clip of Cao Cao's Romance of the Three Kingdoms.

Please read the whole poem all your life.

Design intention: Only the original ecological reading can truly see the students' learning situation. Teachers should not be preconceived and respect the law of learning from the superficial to the deep. Let students read independently and fluently. The video of "Poetry Poetry" allows students to compare other people's reading, so as to further perceive the emotion of poetry.

(3), the text appreciation process (25 minutes)

Scheme 1 (an attempt of non-indicative teaching method)-autonomy, cooperation and dialogue.

1. Guide students to learn independently: students read poems again and ask questions.

2. Group dialogue: Small and easy problems are solved in the group.

3. Inter-group dialogue: the group sends representatives to write down the representative problems that cannot be solved in the group on the blackboard and ask other groups for help.

Teacher-student dialogue: Problems that can't be solved by group dialogue will be inspired by teachers.

The second teaching scheme: teachers' presupposition and teacher-student cooperation.

1. Solve the problem;

2. Writing background;

3. Breakthrough of teaching emphases and difficulties:

Inquiry 1: What emotions does the poet reveal in this poem? Why is there such an emotion?

(1) Think about what kind of mood Cao Cao was in when he was praising wine, and try to sum up this mood in one word or sentence.

(2) When reading Sing a Song about Wine, did you remember some poems related to the word "wine" that you learned before?

Transition: calendar, drinking reminds me of poetry, poetry reminds me of wine, wine and poetry seem to be twin brothers, and they have forged an indissoluble bond. Please tell me about Cao Cao's mood when he drinks in this poem.

(3) What does the author worry about?

(4) What rhetoric does the author use when describing the short life? What are the advantages of this kind of rhetoric?

Transition: Since ancient times, people have lamented that time flies and life is easy to get old. If so, please tell me.

⑤ The beginning of Cao Cao's Short Songs also expresses the feeling of short time and geometric life. Then why does Cao Cao think that only wine can solve the unforgettable "troubles" after lamenting that life is short?

Question 2: It is often said that one speaks the truth after drinking. Did Cao Cao confide his "truth" to everyone after drinking? If so, what is it? Please explain it with the poems in the text.

(2) What expressive skills are used in these sentences?

(3) What psychological desire does the poet express by quoting allusions, and what is the function of this expression?

Ask a classmate to analyze other sentences with allusions in the text.

⑤ The expression effect of induced allusions.

Transition: Cao Cao, who is knowledgeable and talented, conveyed his sincere desire and courtesy for talents in euphemistic language. According to our analysis of typical sentences, please sum up how to understand typical poems. What are the advantages of using allusions?

Inquiry 3: Besides using allusions, what other artistic techniques are there to express thoughts and feelings? Try to analyze it. Group exploration. (Pay attention to the format of the presentation)

Teacher's summary: Through the understanding of the poet's various expressions, we entered the author's heart and understood that Cao Cao not only showed the heart of seeking talents, but also showed the courtesy to talents and showed a sincere and touching power. It can be said that this poem itself is striving for talent and advertising.

Design intent: 1. Give students the initiative to learn, take the group as a unit, and deeply understand the connotation and expression of poetry through various interactive dialogues such as intra-group dialogue, inter-group dialogue and teacher-student dialogue, so as to learn to appreciate poetry and master corresponding methods and skills. Let the students have the feeling of having a class. This is also a means to break through difficulties.

2. In the process of students' dialogue and communication, read aloud in time, so that students' feelings and understanding can be effectively combined with the text, so that reading can promote enlightenment and enlightenment can promote reading.

3. Students' temporary questions test teachers' basic skills and classroom control ability. This is a challenge for teachers. But I think this class is true.

(4) Class consolidation (8 minutes)

Recite "short songs"

Design intention: This poem expresses twists and turns, full of feelings, suitable for reading aloud, and has many essential sentences, so that students can experience the poet's interest through repeated recitation. Class time is also used to implement and consolidate recitation tasks in time.

Seven, said homework design

Read Cao Cao's "Seeking Virtue Order" and then finish reading the poem "Short Songs". What enlightenment does Cao Cao's view of seeking morality have for modern life and for you? Requirements: Write it on paper first, and then prepare to speak.

Design intention: to train students to understand the content value of ancient literature from the perspective of historical development and draw national wisdom from it; Examine the works with modern concepts and evaluate their positive significance and historical limitations. Let the students communicate through writing after learning the text, and deepen their understanding of this poem through writing.

Eight, say blackboard writing design

Thoughts, feelings and artistic techniques are the key and difficult points of this course. Show these two parts to students and give them a clear and coherent impression. The induction of expression forms is the guidance for knowledge to rise to skills and methods.