Qiao Feng's Bell and Lonely Smoke in the Desert come from which ancient poem?

A night-mooring near maple bridge by Zhang Ji in Tang Dynasty.

A night-mooring near maple bridge is a poem written by Zhang Ji, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, when he passed through Hanshan Temple after the Anshi Rebellion.

In this poem, the poet accurately and delicately tells the observation and feelings of a passenger liner who sleeps at night on the night scene in late autumn in the south of the Yangtze River, and outlines the scenes of the moon setting, frosty night, fishing in the river, solitary boat passengers and so on. In addition, this poem also fully shows the author's yearning for travel, his worries about his home country, and his worries about being in troubled times and having no home. It is a masterpiece of writing troubles.

This poem is vivid and can be painted. The logical relationship between sentences is very clear and reasonable, and the content is easy to understand. Not only China's poetry anthology and Tang poetry anthology were selected into this poem, but also the primary school textbooks in some Asian countries included this poem. This poem is not only a household name in China, but also very influential in Japan. After this poem was published, Hanshan Temple became famous all over the world and became a tourist attraction.

The original text of a night-mooring near maple bridge

Night berth near Fengqiao

The moon sets, the sky is full of frost, Jiang Feng fishes, the fire burns, and he sleeps sadly.

Hanshan Temple outside Gusu arrives at the passenger ship at 8: 00, 9: 00 and midnight bell 10.

To annotate ...

Qiao Feng: Outside Nagato, Suzhou.

Berthing at night: To dock a ship at night.

Wuti: Speaking of crows, it is Wuti Town.

Frost all over the sky: frost can't cover the sky, and the word "frost" should be understood as severe cold; Frost is the image language of extremely cold air.

Jiang Feng: Generally interpreted as "the maple tree by the river", Jiang refers to Wusong River, which originates from Taihu Lake, flows through Shanghai and flows into the Yangtze River, commonly known as Suzhou River. Some people think it refers to "Jiangcun Bridge" and "Qiao Feng Bridge". "Qiao Feng" is located in the western suburb (Liuhe Gate) outside the south gate of Wuxian County. Its real name is "Qiao Feng", but it was changed to "Qiao Feng" because of this poem by Zhang Ji.

Fishing fire: generally speaking, "fishing fire" is the lamp on the fishing boat; Some people say that "fishing fire" is actually a fishing partner.

Worried about sleeping: the meaning of worrying about sleeping, this sentence personifies the words Jiang Feng and Yu Huo. However, people who don't understand poetry in later generations doubt how Jiang Feng can sleep on fire, so he attached a sentence saying that sleep on sorrow is the name of the mountain opposite Hanshan Temple.

Vernacular translation

The moon sets, crows crow and the sky is cold. They sleep sadly on the maple trees and fishing fires by the river.

In the lonely and quiet Hanshan Ancient Temple outside Gusu City, the bell ringing at midnight reached the passenger ship.

Creation background

According to Volume III of Biography of Talented Scholars in the Tang Dynasty, Zhang Ji was promoted by Yang Jun, assistant minister of does, in the 12th year of Tianbao (753), that is to say, he was admitted to the rank of scholar. In January of the 14th year of Tianbao, the Anshi Rebellion broke out, and in June of the 15th year of Tianbao, Xuanzong rushed to Shu. Because the political situation in Jiangnan was relatively stable at that time, many scribes fled to Jiangsu and Zhejiang to avoid chaos, including Zhang Ji. One autumn night, the poet anchored at Fengqiao outside Suzhou. The beautiful scenery of autumn night in Jiangnan water town attracted this traveler with travel worries, which made him appreciate a poetic beauty with meaningful feelings and wrote this poem with clear artistic conception.

Make an appreciative comment

This four-line poem is unified with a sad word The first two sentences are full of images: falling moon, crow, frosty sky, Jiang Feng, fishing fire, sleepless people, which creates an aesthetic situation with rich meanings and rhymes. The last two sentences, the image of the city, the image of the temple, the image of the ship and the image of the bell, are an ethereal and far-reaching artistic conception. Lit a fishing fire in autumn night by the river, and the guest will smell the bell in the quiet night. The selection of all scenery is unique: one is static and one is dynamic, one is bright and the other is dark. The collocation of scenery and the artistic conception of characters have reached a high degree of tacit understanding and blending, and * * * has formed this artistic realm that has become a model for later generations.

The first sentence of the poem describes three closely related scenes at midnight: the setting of the moon, crows and frost all over the sky. The first quarter moon rose early and sank in the middle of the night, leaving only a gray light and shadow in the whole sky. The tree perches probably because of the change of light and shade before and after the setting of the moon, and after being awakened, it makes several crows. The moon sets in the middle of the night, and the frost is black. In the dark and quiet environment, people's feeling of cold at night becomes particularly acute. The description of "frost all over the sky" does not conform to the reality of the natural landscape (frost is on the ground but not in the sky), but it completely conforms to the poet's feelings: the chill that attacks the bones and muscles in the middle of the night and the boats that the poet berthed from all directions at night make him feel that the boundless night sky outside him is filled with frost. The whole sentence, written by the setting moon, written by crows and written by frost all over the sky, clearly reflects a continuous process of time and feeling. And all this is harmoniously unified in the cold and cheerless atmosphere of autumn night in the water town and the lonely feeling of travelers. From here we can see the poet's meticulous thinking.

In addition, some people think that the first poem describes the early morning scene: blackbirds crow, the moon sets, it is dawn, and glistening frost is everywhere. The last three sentences use flashback, and the poet is in a state of insomnia all night.

Brief introduction of the author

Zhang Ji (about 7 15~ 779), a native of Xiangyang, Hubei, Han nationality. Tang Dynasty poet, life is unknown. According to the records of various factions, it is only known that he was a scholar in the twelfth year of Tianbao (AD 753). During the Dali period, Yuan Wailang, the ancestor of the school, was the salt and iron judge of Hongzhou (now Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province). His poems are hearty, incisive and profound, which have great influence on later generations. But unfortunately, less than 50 songs have been handed down. His most famous poem is a night-mooring near maple bridge. [

Solitary smoke in the desert

From Wang Wei's To the Frontier

Ambassador to the Great Wall is a poem written by the Tang Dynasty poet Wang Wei on his way to the frontier to express his condolences to the soldiers. It describes the ambassador's trip to the Great Wall and the scenery outside the Great Wall. The first two sentences explain the purpose and place of this trip and why you wrote this poem; Zhuan Xu's two sentences contain multiple meanings, and the feeling of borrowing grass to write down; The two sentences of the neck couplet describe the magnificent scene of the frontier desert, with a vast realm and magnificent weather. Two sentences in the tail couplet falsely write that the war has been won, showing admiration for DuHu. This poem not only reflects the frontier life, but also expresses the feelings of loneliness, loneliness and sadness caused by the exclusion of the poet, as well as the generous and tragic feelings caused by the emotion being edified, purified and sublimated in the majestic scenery of the desert, showing an open-minded feeling.

original work

Plug (1)

I want to ask the side (2) when riding a bike, and it is a country (3) that has lived for a long time.

Zheng Peng went out (4) and returned to Yan Hu Tian (5).

The lonely smoke in the desert is straight [6], and the long river falls in yen [7].

Xiao Guan rides a horse (8) every time and is guarded by Ran Yan (9).

To annotate ...

(1) sent to frontier fortress: ordered to be sent to frontier fortress. Dispatch: Send a special envoy.

(2) Bicycle: one car, few vehicles, which is easy to describe here. Ask the frontier fortress: visiting the frontier fortress is to express condolences to the officers and men guarding the frontier.

(3) Attribution country: There are several explanations: one refers to the ethnic minorities who are attached to the Han court and retain their country names. There were some governors in the Han and Tang Dynasties. The second refers to the official name. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, there was an official named Cai Guo, who was awarded by Su Wu after he returned to Han Dynasty. The vassal state, which is the abbreviation of the strategic state, was called the official in charge of foreign affairs in the Han Dynasty, and was sometimes called the border envoy in the Tang Dynasty. Here, the poet uses it to refer to his status as an envoy. Juyan: Place name, called Juyanze in Han Dynasty and Juyanhai in Tang Dynasty, located in the northern border of Ejina Banner in Inner Mongolia. There was Juyan County in Zhangye County in the Western Han Dynasty (see Geography of Hanshu), so the old city is in the southeast of Ejina Banner today. In addition, in the secretariat of Liangzhou in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Zhangye Juyan was a vassal state, and its jurisdiction was in Juyanze area. This sentence generally says that Wang Wei passed by Juyan. However, Wang Wei's task does not actually need to go through Juyan. Therefore, Feng's "Selected Poems and Songs of China in Past Dynasties" thinks that this sentence was written in the Tang Dynasty, "The frontier fortress is vast, and the vassal States are all outside Juyan".

(4) Peng Qian: The withered Peng who flies away with the wind is the metaphor of the poet here.

Vernacular translation

I want to go to the border crossing by bike, and the country I pass by has passed my residence.

Thousands of miles of cornices also floated out of Sai Han, and the geese heading north soared in the sky.

Solitary smoke goes straight to the vast desert, and the sunset on the endless Yellow River is round.

When you meet detective knight in Xiaoguan, tell me that Duhu is already in Yanran.

Creation background

In the 24th year of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (736), Tubo sent troops to attack Little Bolu in the Tang Dynasty (in present-day north Kashmir). In the spring of the 25th year of Kaiyuan (737), Cui, our envoy from Hexi, defeated the Tubo army in the west. Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty appointed Wang Weifeng Liangzhou as the censor, went out to the fortress to comfort himself and inspect the military situation, and served as our ambassador in Hexi, which actually pushed Wang Wei out of the court. This poem was written on the way to the fortress.

Make an appreciative comment

"Make it in the Shanzhai" is contained in The Whole Tang Poetry 126. This poem depicts the difficult situation of the frontier fortress and expresses the author's sadness and loneliness of wandering around the world.

"I want to ask over there by bike", so I took a light bus. The place I went to was: "I am a country that has lived for a long time." Juyan is now in the northwest of Zhangye County, Gansu Province, far from the northwest frontier.

The poet compares himself to "Peng" and "Yan", saying that he came out of the floating "grass" and entered the "Hutian" like a "wild goose" flapping its wings to the north. In ancient poetry, flying over the eaves and walking over the wall is often used as a metaphor for a wandering wanderer, but here it is a metaphor for a minister with a court mission, who is secretly writing the poet's inner anger and depression. It echoes the "bicycle" in the first sentence. The trip to Wan Li took only ten words.

Then it describes the typical scenery in the desert: "The desert is lonely and straight, and the long river sets the yen."

The last two sentences are written to arrive at the frontier fortress: "Small clearance to ride, all protection in Yanran." When I arrived at the frontier fortress, I didn't see the general. The scouts told the special envoy that the general was at the front.

The poet focused his pen and ink on what he was best at winning-writing landscapes. The author's mission takes place in spring. On the way, I saw a few lines of returning geese to the north. The poet made a metaphor on the spot, and compared himself with returning geese, which was both narrative and scenery-writing, which was natural and appropriate. In particular, the link of "lonely smoke in the desert, long river setting the yen" describes the strange and magnificent scenery outside the Great Wall after entering the frontier fortress. The picture is open and the artistic conception is magnificent, which is called "the wonders of the ages" by Wang Guowei. The frontier desert is boundless, so the word "big" of "desert" is used. The frontier fortress is desolate and wonders. The smoke lit by the beacon tower is particularly eye-catching, so it is called "solitary smoke". A word "solitary" describes the monotony of the landscape, and a word "straight" behind it also shows its strength and perseverance. There are no mountains and trees in the desert, and the Yellow River flowing through it cannot express the poet's feelings unless a word "long" is used. Sunset, originally easy to give people a sentimental impression, uses the word "round" here, but it gives people a feeling of warmth and boundless. The word "circle" and "straight" not only accurately describes the desert scene, but also shows the author's deep affection. The poet skillfully blends his loneliness into the description of the vast natural scenery. A passage from the forty-eighth poem in A Dream of Red Mansions can be regarded as the superb artistic realm of these two poems.

Brief introduction of the author

Wang Wei, a poet in Tang Dynasty. The word stroke. His father was originally from Qi (now Shanxi) and later moved to Yongji West, Shanxi, becoming a Hedong native. Kaiyuan (year number of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty, 713-741) was a scholar. Tired officials give things. An Lushan rebels were hired when they were trapped in Chang 'an. After the chaos, they were demoted to Prince Zhongyun. After the official to ministers right cheng, so also known as Wang Youcheng. In his later years, he lived in Wangchuan, Lantian, and lived an honest and secluded life. Poetry is as famous as Meng Haoran and is called "Wang Meng". In the early stage, I wrote some frontier poems, but the most important one was landscape poems, which promoted hermit life and Buddhism through the description of pastoral landscapes. Exquisite objects, vivid descriptions and unique achievements. He is also proficient in music, painting and calligraphy. This is Wang Youcheng.