What kind of person was Zhuge Liang in history?

Historically, Zhuge Liang has always been a god-like figure, and his image has almost become a symbol of China people's wisdom, unprecedented and unprecedented. Most people understand that Zhuge Liang started from the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, but many false elements in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms are written about Zhuge Liang. Even if the description of Zhuge Liang in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms is true, it is enough to show that people's evaluation of him is exaggerated. It is a fact that Zhuge Liang is of course a very outstanding politician and strategist.

First of all, as a general with troops and a ruler, he needs courage, but Zhuge Liang, as a scholar, obviously lacks in this respect. An obvious example is that Wei Yan suggested that cavalry attack Chang 'an in the Northern Expedition of Cao Wei, but Zhuge Liang refused mercilessly. In fact, such a plan is not impossible. Marching to fight is a risky gamble in itself, or to beat it. One more thing, Zhuge Liang is too clever to protect himself. Zhuge Liang is a clever man. He naturally knows who is more suitable to be the successor of Shu. However, when Liu Bei sought his advice, he avoided it in order to avoid falling into the court struggle, which undoubtedly laid the groundwork for the decline of Shu. His original intention was to be loyal to Liu Bei, but he didn't do the right thing to be loyal to the monarch. Since you want to be loyal, you must tell Liu Bei the truth. Liu Bei's death cannot be said to have nothing to do with Zhuge Liang. When Liu Bei decided to send troops to Wu Dong, Zhao Yun and other generals tried their best to stop it, because they knew it wouldn't work strategically, and Zhuge Liang, as the strategist who even resisted Cao Wu, was basically silent at this time. Liu Bei sighed after he left: If only the law were still there. As a courtier, where is the spirit of daring to anger and dare not speak?

Secondly, as a great politician, we should be broad-minded and tolerant of different opinions. But Zhuge Liang is obviously congenitally deficient in this respect. The most typical case is that he created the biggest unjust case Wei Yan in the history of the Three Kingdoms. & gt Among them, Zhuge Liang said that Wei Yan had an anti-bone on his head, which was probably a fiction of the author of his book, hoping to highlight Zhuge Liang's perfect image. But if there is a true face in history, we will find that the contradiction between Zhuge Liang and Wei Yan is only the contradiction of fighting style and character. Zhuge Liang was cautious by nature and acted cautiously. Wei Yan dares to think and do, and is quite courageous and thoughtful. When they March to fight, Zhuge Liang is usually the commander in chief and Wei Yan is the pioneer. He is the second in command in the army, but Zhuge Liang has the final say in military decision-making, and Wei Yan's strategy is often not adopted. However, in the battle, Wei Yan has been in the forefront and made great contributions. It can be said that Zhuge Liang tried his best to crowd out Wei Yan in decision-making and used him more in frontal combat. This can not help but cause Wei's dissatisfaction. Zhuge Liang was very suspicious of Wei before his death. This discord between generals and commanders can be said to be largely caused by Zhuge Liang. Zhuge Liang set up a plot against Wei Yan when he died, which eventually led to Wei Yan's rebellion. It can be said that Zhuge Liang caused all this. Another typical example that can't accommodate different opinions is that Zhuge Liang left a letter to the late ruler Liu Chan before his death, asking Liu Chan to keep the old rules and regulations of Shu unchanged in such a changeable society at that time. A system can't be effective forever, and later the political laxity in Shu was also related to it. These may be caused by a series of successes of Zhuge Liang when he was young. He succeeded too much, which led to too many people being superstitious about him, and finally he was superstitious about himself.

Zhuge Liang's biggest mistake is probably the mistake in the personnel system. Zhuge Liang's choice and application of talents was incomparable to the founding monarch in the Three Kingdoms period. Liu Bei can know people, Cao can win people, and Sun Quan can accept people. During Zhuge Liang's period, the talent selection system in Shu was almost lax, so that there was no general in Shu after his death. He only valued two people before his death, one was Ma Su, but Ma Su was a hollow reputation, so he could only talk on paper.

Another shortcoming of Zhuge Liang is his temperament. According to modern parlance, it is emotional intelligence. Zhuge Liang is undoubtedly a very fragile person. Especially in his later years, the most typical time was when he attacked Wei. He heard the news that Zhang Bao was killed, and finally he had to retreat and even delayed his fighter plane. Zhuge Liang never understood that he was the only hope of Shu, and his body was not just his own. But the whole Shu state, and his life and death are related to the life and death of Shu state. He never understood it, so that he had to ask himself every detail, and he forgot to eat and sleep because he was too worried, which led to his weakness. It was not until his death that he realized that there was only hope, but it was too late.

Although Zhuge Liang made so many mistakes, he was still an outstanding political strategist on the whole. No one is perfect, so we should not expect perfection too much. I just make the following articles for your reference.