How to embody the concept of "Chinese literacy" in the new curriculum standard in the test questions

What is the connotation of Chinese literacy? The experts who make the new curriculum standards of Chinese in senior high school have a certain understanding of the basic requirements of Chinese literacy of senior high school students. Summing up these requirements, we can summarize the main connotation of high school students' Chinese literacy, including the following aspects: 1 Cultivation of basic Chinese knowledge. This is not only to master the basic knowledge of the language, but also to form feelings for the language of the motherland and correctly understand and use the language of the motherland. Rich language accumulation, good sense of language and thinking quality. 2. The cultivation of basic Chinese ability means cultivating better reading comprehension and communication ability. 3. Cultivate autonomous learning ability. Including: correct learning methods and good study habits; Preliminary independent thinking and independent choice ability. 4. Form an open vision, innovative consciousness and initial innovative ability. 5. Cultivate noble aesthetic taste and certain aesthetic ability. 6. Form a certain cultural accomplishment. Including: excellent cultural heritage and high cultural taste of the Chinese nation; Actively absorb advanced human culture and respect and understand diverse cultures. 7. The formation of scientific literacy. Including: the cultivation of scientific spirit, scientific thought and scientific method; Have basic information technology and information processing ability. 8. Cultivation of socialist morality and citizen's quality. Including the following three aspects: patriotism, willingness to cooperate and the spirit of serving the people; Socialist ideology and morality and awareness of democracy and legal system; Strong sense of social responsibility and strong ability to participate in social practice. 9. Have a confident and enterprising attitude towards life and a healthy lifestyle. The connotation of "Chinese literacy" covered by the above nine aspects comprehensively embodies the training goal of Chinese curriculum for students' quality development. The first five items are the same as the traditional formulation and belong to the goal of knowledge and ability, but they are much richer in connotation. The basic knowledge is no longer only the mastery of words and sentences, but also the accumulation of language and the cultivation of language sense. The formation of feelings for the language and characters of the motherland is no longer achieved by rote memorization, which requires students to deeply understand knowledge and experience it in daily use. The last four aspects further improve the training objectives, cultural literacy, scientific literacy and attitude towards life of Chinese curriculum, which is not only the comprehensive requirement of modern society for the quality of talents, but also the need of personal all-round development. In the final analysis, high school Chinese curriculum focuses on the all-round development and lifelong development of students' individual quality, and promotes the formation of students' Chinese literacy. How to embody the concept of "Chinese literacy" in test questions? Strengthening the assessment of language and culture accumulation does not mean rote learning, nor does it mean stereotyped writing training. The assessment of language and culture accumulation can't be simply understood as just examining the common sense of language and literature and doing some fill-in-the-blank questions and multiple-choice questions. The key to the accumulation of students' language and culture is the cultivation of literature and classics. Because we are used to emphasizing standard answers, and the cultivation of language and culture is not as easy to detect as individual knowledge, the cultivation of language and culture has long been ignored in practical teaching. Students read few classics, or even don't read them. This is really a fatal blow to education in China. Because the Chinese curriculum standards recommend many extracurricular reading materials, it is stipulated that the total amount of extracurricular reading should not be less than 654.38+0.5 million words. Why not use it to promote students' learning? It is likely to play a fundamental role in education in China. As for how to test the accumulation of language and culture, there are various methods. Take the following two examples: example 1: "Reading Romance of the Three Kingdoms (or other famous works) activity week" was held in school. Please draw a poster for one of the activities. Example 2: 1. Take the characters in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms as an example to talk about the names and characters in ancient China. 2. The history of the Three Kingdoms has formed a series of cultural phenomena. Please choose an angle and draw up a discussion outline. Examples of topics are as follows: (1) From history to literature and art (storytelling, poetry, couplets, novels, operas, TV dramas, etc. ) (2) From man to god (3) Originated from the Three Kingdoms. 2. Pay more attention to subjective questions According to the characteristics of Chinese subjects, the compilation of subjective questions in Chinese exams should be the main one. As far as the reading test of literary works is concerned, its focus is on the image, artistic conception and language of the works, thus causing emotion. The fuzziness of literary image determines the uncertainty of people's understanding of literary image and its social significance, and students cannot be simply evaluated with a unified and fixed answer, which limits their thinking. There is often more than one correct answer to things. Students should be encouraged not to be satisfied with one conclusion and to explore the essence of things from multiple angles. If we are used to measuring students with a standard answer or making multiple-choice questions for them to choose from, they will never form their own thoughts. In the past Chinese learning, in order to adapt to the examination mode and marking score of the college entrance examination, the answers of the simulated test paper were standardized, fixed and unique, and the marking score was as "objective" and "operable" as possible, so "objective questions", especially multiple-choice questions, were widely used for evaluation. Students can only accept one of the limited ideas and opinions provided by the proposer, but can't have their own independent opinions, let alone creative reading. Such an examination method not only violates the original meaning of reading appreciation, but also cannot comprehensively, truly and objectively evaluate students' Chinese learning literacy. The essential feature of subjective questions is to pay attention to process and language application, so it is easier to detect students' actual Chinese level than objective questions. For example, usually some of our questions like to ask students to answer what rhetorical methods are used here. In fact, such a topic is far from good for students to make sentences with this rhetorical method or imitate a sentence according to a certain sentence pattern. This is because knowing that a certain rhetorical method is only an examination of noun terms, while making sentences and imitating sentences are the practical application of language and the test of students' practical application ability. It can show students' Chinese learning ability better than the comprehension rhetorical method test. Therefore, the examination combines subjective questions with objective questions, paying more attention to subjective questions, which is more in line with the essence of Chinese practice. In the past, social science reading appeared in the form of objective questions, and subjective questions appeared in the provincial compulsory module research exam: Reading Wang Zeke's Money). According to the passage, refer to the following supplementary materials, contact your own life reality and talk about your views on "money" (Need opinions, reasons and analysis. About 120 words. ) (1) To be the master of money, the key is to give up the possessiveness of money and adopt a non-possessive attitude. In other words, I really regard money as something outside my body. No matter what I have got or will get, I can keep my distance from it and give up at any time. Only in this way can we keep a free mind in front of money and be a free person. Anyone who holds a possessive attitude towards money is also possessed by money and becomes a slave to it, just as the ancient Greek philosopher Chaoyue said when talking about a rich miser: "He didn't get wealth, but wealth got him." (Zhou "Talking about Money") 2 Money is water, which attracts everything, permeates everything, integrates everything and is everywhere. It has no shape itself, so it is with the container. What is put in the public safe is public money, and when it is sent to an individual, it has a private name. Grasping the transfer of funds in the hands of the boss and falling into the hands of corrupt officials has become evidence. It is called profiteering to earn money that should not be earned, and it is called conscience to pay what should be paid. (Excerpted from Prose Overseas Edition) 3. Attaching importance to language sense and combining knowledge examination with contextual language sense are unavoidable problems in Chinese teaching, and its cultivation and testing are inseparable from language environment. In fact, context is the premise of the occurrence and development of speech activities. Communication between people is not carried out in a vacuum, but in a specific time, place and background, in order to complete a specific communication task. Communication, whether oral or written, is actually a process in which the author and the speaker constantly adapt to the context and generate speech. Combining the context to test Chinese knowledge, the knowledge gained by students is vivid. For example, the following multiple-choice questions are well designed: how powerful our grass is in that slender and weak body! No wonder the poem "_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _" written by ancient poets is still exciting to read after thousands of years. A. But how much love there is for an inch of grass? B. The grass withered and the eagle suffered from eye diseases, and the snow was as light as horseshoes. C. Wildfire never consumed them, but they grew taller in the spring breeze. D. The moss marks on the upstairs steps were green, and the grass in the curtains was green. 4. Increase the selectivity of the test questions. The Chinese test should be oriented to all students rather than a few top students, so the test questions should be more selective. Taking writing as an example, there may be both compulsory and multiple-choice questions. The required questions are based on basic requirements, while the multiple-choice questions focus on letting different candidates play their own specialties. This choice is very common in science exams. Why can't I try the Chinese exam? For another example, can every student be required to bring a dictionary and dictionary into the examination room, so that the Chinese exam can test students' ability to retrieve reference books in a real environment, instead of designing many single knowledge questions for them to recall and identify as in previous exams? In addition, how to test students' ability to effectively filter information in reading is a problem worthy of serious consideration in the examination reform. We believe that as long as we persist in guiding the reform practice with the new curriculum concept according to the characteristics of the subject, the Chinese examination will certainly make a major breakthrough. In the future, the college entrance examination cannot be based on the textbook proposition, but on the outline proposition based on the new curriculum standard. The foundation is the same, and there will be basic unified requirements. There are elective courses in high school, so there will be multiple-choice questions on the test paper, that is, * * * * do part and choose part. 5. Promote personalized reading at the beginning, which is very personal. The reading requirements of the new curriculum standards reflect brand-new reading values, pay attention to personalized reading, pay attention to personal reading feelings, and read out your own feelings in reading. Cultivate independent reading ability. The study of the article focuses on feeling, experiencing and finding problems. The subtlety of literature and beauty can only be truly understood if the subject of study experiences it personally. Cooperative learning should also be conducted on the basis of individual independent reading. The examination questions should provide an open platform for students to show their personality as much as possible. For example, read excerpts from two novels "Home" and complete the topic: When Ba Jin talked about the prototype of "Feng Ming", there was such a passage: "... there was a girl named Cui Feng in our family. I only remember one thing about this girl: one of our distant relatives wanted to ask her to be an aunt, and she flatly refused. She is just a "deliveryman" in our family, and her michel platini Su Sheng is an old servant of our family, so she still has such freedom. She later got married happily. She naturally married a poor husband. However, everyone in my family said she was brave. It is really not easy for a girl to choose a "servant" instead of a master. The "Cuifeng" in Ba Jin's Home is happily married, while the "Mingfeng" in Ba Jin's Home is sadly thrown into the lake. Some people think that the writer's artistic treatment is very good, while others think it is not good. What's your opinion? Please analyze the novel Home or Home. This topic not only examines students' cultural accumulation, but also provides a broad platform for students' reading appreciation to show their personal reading feelings and publicize their individuality. Modern reading will also pay attention to students' experiences and feelings. For example, some people think that the image of the big tree in the article is a symbol of vitality, some people think that nature and people live in harmony, and others think that it is a symbol of ancient civilization and traditional culture. What impressed you most about the image of the big tree after reading the whole article? Please write this feeling in the thank-you letter. (about 100 words) 6. Pay attention to students' humanistic quality. Mr. Qian Liqun said that Chinese teaching must be centered on "cultivating people", that is, Chinese teaching should let students know about society, life and self-shaping through language; From imparting knowledge and cultivating students in the past to paying attention to human development. In teaching, it is not only conducive to the development of students' sound personality, but also conducive to the improvement of Chinese ability, which is strongly advocated by the new curriculum standards. Due to various historical reasons, the cultivation of reading ability in the past was often biased towards reading skills, ignoring the cultivation of process, method, emotional attitude and values. The essence of education is to cultivate people and improve their spiritual realm. The new curriculum standard requires reading teaching to be implemented and thought from three dimensions. Combining the cultivation of reading ability with the enrichment of spiritual life, perfecting self-personality, improving the realm of life and deepening the thinking and understanding of the relationship between individuals and the country, society and nature are conducive to promoting students' development and understanding the truth of being a man. For example, "connecting with your own life reality and talking about your views on" money "embodies this aspect. Another topic is as follows: Qian Zhongshu understands "taking pleasure in suffering" as "turning patience into enjoyment is the greatest victory of spirit over material". Contact the materials provided below to talk about your views on happiness. V 1。 Life is to constantly improve the quality of life and enjoy the happy sunshine. V 2 .. Happiness is the ultimate goal of human collective pursuit and the driving force for the growth and progress of groups or individuals. The third edition .. Geneticists believe that seeking happiness is a conditioned reflex established in genes to continue species, and its purpose has nothing to do with personal interests. V 4 .. Religion makes believers enter a happy state through doctrines and rituals, so as to get rid of pain or relieve secular desires. The fifth edition .. Money does not necessarily mean happiness, success does not necessarily mean happiness, celebrities do not necessarily mean happiness, and power does not necessarily mean happiness. Happiness is often after listening to the call of the wise, coming out of the fog, realizing the truth, bravely accepting the cruel reality and shortening the painful time. 7. Chinese test will strengthen the comprehensive single test, which refers to the test around a certain knowledge point, generally without specific context. Its advantages are wide distribution of knowledge points, simple proposition, easy adjustment, objective answer and small scoring error. However, due to the lack of context and other contexts, it is easy to have problems, digressions and strange questions if you don't master them well. Lack of comprehensive degree is not conducive to the development of students' thinking and the improvement of comprehensive ability. Students' Chinese literacy is comprehensive, and the Chinese test will try to avoid the tendency of patchwork in previous exams and further strengthen the comprehensive test. First, the language materials should be comprehensive, that is, chapters or paragraphs in the usual sense; Second, the content of the test should be comprehensive, even the test knowledge and ability should not be single, it should include the relationship between various kinds of knowledge, the ability of reading, understanding, application and evaluation, listening, speaking, reading and writing, as well as the practical application and innovation of the language and other indicators. As we all know, "the extension of Chinese learning is equal to the extension of life", and Chinese learning has comprehensive characteristics in both content and form. Strengthening the comprehensive test in the examination is undoubtedly more in line with the characteristics of Chinese subject. If you used to test pronunciation and typos separately, you can make a comprehensive question in the future, and the typos in your composition should also be counted. If there are no typos in the whole test paper, can't that explain some problems? Plum blossom is China people's favorite flower and enjoys the reputation of national flower. The following poems, words, songs, songs and articles are all related to plum blossoms. Read these paragraphs carefully, compare them, and then answer the questions. Material 1: There are some plums in the corner, and Ling Han opens them alone. I knew from a distance that it wasn't snow, because there was a smell coming. -Wang Anshi's "Plum Blossom" Material 2: Wind and rain send spring home, flying snow welcomes the spring. There is already ice on the cliff, and there are beautiful flowers. Joe doesn't fight for spring, he only reports it. When the flowers bloom, she laughs in the bushes. -Mao Zedong's "Yongmei" Material 3: Red plums bloom on the red rock, and thousands of miles are frozen at the foot. On March 9 th, the river was frozen in the cold, and a Dan heart bloomed in the sun. Hongmei blooms and blooms. Hold your head in full bloom, and the fragrance floats out of the sky. Wake up the flowers and celebrate the Spring Festival with songs. -The theme song "Ode to Red Plum" of the opera "Jiang Jie" Material 4: Rose Dew, Lotus Rain, Chrysanthemum Cream and Leng Xiang. Mei Shaoyue is inclined to be lonely and hates fickle feelings. -Ma Zhiyuan's "Falling Plum Breeze" (Note: Xiangting Lake: refers to women's boudoir. Material 5: plum trunk ... or rubbing with contour to enhance texture; Or write directly with ink pen and draw with seal script brushwork. Old and dry, the pen should be old; How straight the new branches are, the pen will be healthy. Old dry black is lighter, and thick black and burnt black can be seen; The new branch is the center of the painting, the black should be thick and the focus should be strong, and the calligraphy skill can be seen in the pen and ink. The branches are dense and scattered, interspersed and intertwined, dense and complicated, and are described by the aesthetic principle of "airtight, sparse and easy to walk", resulting in a sense of movement and rhythm on the screen. -selected from "Be faithful to your art, you know there is no time" People's Education Press, title 1, material 2, operator Yongmei, which words rhyme? Please find out. Question 2: The word "unique" in the first material "Plum Blossom" highlights the image of plum blossom blooming in the cold. Material 2 Which word has the same expressive effect? Please find out. Question 3: The third material "Red Plum Zan" wrote: "Red plums bloom on the red rock and thousands of miles are frozen at the foot." There is a poem in material one and material two that expresses the same artistic conception as this sentence. Please write two poems. Question 4: The two materials, Yongmei the Businessman and Red Plum Praise, praised the character and spirit of plum blossom. Please express this character and spirit in affectionate language and praise plum blossom. The number of words is about 30. Question 5: If you draw a plum blossom picture according to the first three paragraphs, the plum blossom in the picture must be enthusiastic, optimistic and fearless; If you make a plum blossom picture according to the fourth paragraph "There is a lonely figure of plum blossom on the moon", what will the plum blossom look like in the picture? Please sum it up in three words. The five paragraphs above question 6 are all related to plum blossoms, but the language expression and writing style of the five paragraphs are obviously different from those of the previous four paragraphs. Please try to make a brief analysis. The number of words is about 30. Title 7 Plum, orchid, bamboo and chrysanthemum are called "four gentlemen in flowers", and pine and bamboo are called "three friends of old and cold". Their character has always been praised by people, leaving many famous sentences. Please write a famous poem and sentence according to your memory or reference materials, choose one of orchids, bamboos, chrysanthemums and pine trees. As the saying goes, "Snow is white, but it loses its plum blossom fragrance". The snow background makes Mei Linghan's image open and the floating aroma more vivid. If you are a painter, what else can you choose as the background besides snow? Why? Please state your reasons briefly. The number of words is about 30. Centered on "Mei", this topic not only tests the accumulation of famous poems and cultural common sense, but also examines the ability of generalization, poetry appreciation, language expression and aesthetic appreciation. This kind of comprehensive test questions can test students' Chinese literacy well. 8. Pay attention to basic writing skills and comprehensive literacy. The new curriculum standards and syllabus require students to write responsibly, express their true feelings, have independent writing thinking, have a sense of the times and mission, and pay attention to the cultivation of basic writing skills and comprehensive literacy. According to the above requirements, it can be seen that the future college entrance examination composition proposition will present the following two characteristics: ① Return to humanism and pay attention to experience. In the final analysis, the composition is an article about "people" and how to be a person. Therefore, paying attention to social life, people's fate, people's life and people's spirit should be the basic direction of the future composition proposition. (2) Reflect the times, pay attention to the reality, and highlight the regionality. The composition should embody certain spirit of the times and value orientation. Candidates should be good at unifying their attention to the small world with their eyes on the big era. Advocate the sense of the times, but also show your true self and prevent yourself from entering the misunderstanding of boasting, empty talk and boasting. The basic skills of writing are reflected in the examination of topic, conception, structure, material selection, language expression and stylistic application, among which the meaning, center, content and language of the topic are particularly important. Comprehensive literacy is embodied in ideological understanding, knowledge accumulation and life experience, emotional accumulation, aesthetic literacy, thinking activities, creative ability and so on. In composition evaluation, the main requirements of "basic level" and "ability level" point to "basic writing skills" and "comprehensive literacy" respectively. Therefore, we should pay attention to the following strategies when reviewing the preparation for the exam: First, look at the trend and select and refine it. For example, topics that embody humanistic and regional characteristics. Second, we should be good at fostering strengths and avoiding weaknesses, and make key breakthroughs. Pay attention to the usual training to write what you are best at, familiar with, and have real feelings or sentiments. In terms of material selection, conception, style selection, language use, expression, etc., we should be as familiar as possible and give full play to it according to our actual situation, so we don't have to be a toddler. The third is to handle the relationship between stability and innovation. Many students blindly put medical records, contracts, movie scripts, etc. When they saw the "alternative article" published in the newspaper on the test paper, they got high marks. Don't you know that some of them are fabricated and bizarre, which not only has nothing to do with creativity, but also exposes the weakness of basic ability, which often makes them self-defeating. Therefore, students should have a clear understanding of their writing ability, not only to fully display their personality, but also to avoid deliberate innovation. The goal of improving students' Chinese literacy in an all-round way in Chinese curriculum contains two meanings: one is to improve all students instead of some students, and the other is to improve all students instead of some students' Chinese literacy. If all students' Chinese literacy is improved in an all-round way, then the choice of Chinese exams will be even greater! Therefore, the reform of Chinese new curriculum examination will also take improving students' Chinese literacy as the starting point and ultimate goal. Knowing this, we also know that the curriculum reform and the college entrance examination are not antagonistic. "Chinese Literacy" is a pluralistic and open system, which will be constantly improved and developed.