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In the animal world, the wolf is a special species. It has both the nature of cruelty and bloodthirsty, and the characteristics of unity and cooperation. Therefore,

In human society, there are two concepts: wolf hate and wolf worship.

Let's start with why people hate them. Because wolves are harmful to sheep, an important asset of grassland people, grassland people have to kill them vigorously. Various records show that it also harms livestock and even eats people; It is a legendary demon in fables, stories and other literary works. It is vicious, insidious and cunning, and is often notorious for its ruthlessness, collusion and ambition. So humans kill wolves quickly.

Next, let's talk about people's worship of them. People admire wolves mainly because they have the following three characteristics. First, they have a keen sense of smell and are good at seizing opportunities. On the prairie, wolves seem to be watching their main target-sheep or flock all the time, spying on the rules of sheep's activities and even the shepherd's situation, and attacking at once every opportunity. No wonder people often describe hunters as "eyes like wolves". Secondly, he is enterprising, aggressive and does not fail easily. When wolves attack sheep, they often bite hard and will not give up easily. Moreover, the wolf didn't kill his stomach, but put it down as much as possible in the shortest possible time. The last and most important thing should be team spirit. Wolves rarely appear alone and always fight in teams, so there is a saying that tigers are still afraid of wolves. In the increasingly fierce competition of human society, the strength of team spirit is paid more and more attention, which is another reason why people admire wolf culture.

In a word, some people hate wolves and some people worship them. Indeed, everything has two sides. We should look at this very individual animal comprehensively and learn to analyze things with dialectical eyes.

Ten thousand years ago, there were many wolves in the world. Earlier, it must be even more so. Now, there are many people and few wolves in the world. The change in the number also reflects the change in the dominant position of wolves and people on this planet. From mountains to islands, from forests to grasslands, wolves used to be everywhere, but now there are human footprints. In the wolf's view, this world that human beings are constantly exploring is their lost world.

It's good to see the world with wolves. In their view, too many people are ignorant.

Species and distribution of wolves

We usually call wolves gray wolves, which are distributed in Asia, Europe and North America. From the concept of species, wolves mainly include gray wolves, red wolves (American red wolves), coyotes (hyenas), jackals (Asian jackals), red wolves (Asian jackals) and Antarctic wolves (Fukushima wild dogs) and South American wolves (maned wolves) which are closer to foxes.

Wolves were once widely distributed in the northern hemisphere, Eurasia and North America. Wolves are distributed in Eurasia except some islands (including Saudi Arabia and Japan). In North America, wolves are distributed in southern Mexico, near the Tropic of Cancer.

Now the distribution area of wolves has been greatly reduced, especially in western Europe and North America. The distribution of North American wolves has retreated to the north of 45 degrees north latitude. Wolves have disappeared in many countries in western Europe and northern Europe, and only eight countries have wolves: Norway, Sweden, Finland, Turkey, Greece, Italy, Spain and Portugal. Wolves are also widely distributed in eastern Europe and Asia. In China, wolves were once distributed in all provinces except Taiwan Province, Hainan Island and some other islands. But at present, wolves are mainly distributed in northeast, northwest, Inner Mongolia, Tibet and other areas with relatively small population density. It is difficult to see the wolf in the North China Plain and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.

The shape and body color of wolves.

The wolf is the biggest dog in the canine family. It looks like a German shepherd, but its mouth is sharp and wide. Usually the ears are erect, the tail is not curled, the tail hair is fluffy and the tail tip is dark. The coat color of the whole head, back and outer limbs is yellow-brown, brown-gray, mixed with gray-black hair, but the coat color of the inner limbs and abdomen is light, and the coat color often changes with different habitats and seasons.

The living habits of wolves

Generally speaking, a wolf pack has about seven to ten wolves. A male wolf is the leader. Male wolves have a fixed spouse, and the spouse is responsible for reproducing, but it is the responsibility of the wolves to feed their cubs. After giving birth, the mother wolf usually stays in the wolf's den for a period of time to feed and protect the cubs. During this period, the male wolf and other wolves will bring food to the female wolf to ensure the health and adequate milk of the female wolf. But the mother wolf won't let other members of the family get close to the cubs, even the father of the cubs. Once they get close to the cubs, the mother wolf will howl angrily, which represents the deep love of the mother wolf for the cubs. Other family members just put the food they found in the hole for the female wolf to eat. The female wolf leaves the nest for a short time to drink and excrete. Just as mothers often change diapers and bathe their babies, female wolves often lick the whole body of young wolves with their tongues and scrub the filth on them.

In a wolf pack, only the wolf and its spouse can have the right to have children, and other males and females are incapable of mating. On the one hand, this is to control the number of wolves and the quality of offspring, but on the other hand, all members of the family have made great sacrifices. They have no offspring of their own, and have given up many interests for the benefit of wolves. All these fully reflect their loyalty and dedication to the Wolf clan.

Reading Wolf Totem is a way. This book is well written and has many detailed descriptions of wolves.