Are there honorifics in classical Chinese?

1. Explain the honorific words in classical Chinese to me. Urgent thanks. 1. "Ling": used before nouns or adjectives to show respect for relatives of others, meaning "beautiful".

Your father, your mother, your brothers and sisters, your son and your love, your son and your daughter, your wife and your relatives, your relatives. For example, patronize, patronize: refers to the other person coming to his own place to save people; ask others to keep their gifts. 3. "Xing": honorific, the address of others for their behavior.

Such as: asking questions, asking questions: refers to the other party asking about their own funeral; Refers to others thinking of themselves; 4. "Gift": honorific, referring to the gift received. Give advice: others teach you to support yourself; Others treat you with food; Give a reply: let others write back to you; 5. "Please": honorific, used to hope that the other party will do something.

I hope others will answer my question, and I hope others will teach me. 6. "Gao": honorific, something to address others. Such as: high opinion: refers to the opinions of others; Other people's insightful opinions are high: honoring other people's students' longevity; asking the age of the old people; addressing the old people's age; referring to people leaving their original posts to take up higher posts.

Such as: Hua Han: Birthday of calling others to believe: Huaxia: other people's home. 8. "Xian": address each other, mostly for peers or younger generations. Such as: good brothers, good nephews, etc. 9. "Feng" honorifics are used to refer to each other's own behavior.

Give away: give away: give back: give back: advise: accompany: defend your title: it means to keep the title you won in the last competition. Compliment: honorific, indicating that the other party gives (property) Hui Yun: honorific, indicating that the other party allows him to do something. My dad: Modesty, call his parents to others: Modesty, call his mother to visit; Courtesy, call the other person to visit: Polite words, teach (me), such as "What do you think". Excuse me: Polite language means asking for forgiveness. Golden wedding: European custom calls it the 50th wedding anniversary. Jin Lan can act as an agent for brothers and sisters, such as "Yi Jie Jin Lan". See: Go to see, (multi-fingered) say: Give advice (in a respectful or polite tone), such as "say a word to you" and "speak boldly". See: see: (book) see.

Love: (book) honorific words, indicating the long-term concern of the other party (mostly elders or superiors) (mostly used in letters): polite words, long time no see; Kind words, I have admired for a long time (when we first met); Victory: refers to seeking to seize political power (neutral word); Beautiful words: (book) husband and wife, such as beautiful feelings. Call your son, the other's daughter; Address your relatives; Call your mother; Call your father, the other's father; Stay; Say polite words; When the host sees the guests off, the guests ask the host not to send them out to dust; (book) suffering from dust; (referring to the monarch who fled abroad because of the war) Name: in the old days, it referred to the elder or residence. Wife: refers to the wife of the wife. Calling her wife is a courtesy to others. Used to ask the other person to accept his request or gift. Room: Call your home humble, also called "leaving" my relatives.

Desk: honorific, used to refer to the other party, (mostly used in letters from institutions, groups, etc. Desk: honorific words, used to be used to ask people, desk driver: honorific words, used to be called the other person's desk guide: rhetoric of old letters, used after the opening title to invite the other person to read the letter. Taishan Mountain, Taishui: grandfather, mother-in-law's uncle: (book) grandfather.

Common modesty: Modesty is an indispensable expression of modesty in people's daily communication and correspondence, and the word "home" belongs to the family. Used to address others as senior or older relatives.

Such as my father, family respect, family strictness, family monarch: call father; The kindness of my mother and family: called mother; Brother: call brother; Sister: called sister; Uncle: Uncle. The word "she" is a family.

Used to refer to others who are relatives of their elders or descendants. Like a younger brother: call him younger brother; Sister: called sister; Give up a nephew: call it a nephew; She Qin: Call relatives.

The word "small" is a family. Call yourself or someone or something related to yourself humbly.

For example, younger brother: men claim to be modest among friends or acquaintances; Children: humble son; Daughter: address your daughter humbly; Villain: people with low status claim to be themselves; Xiao Sheng (common in early vernacular): Young scholars claim to be; Xiaoke (common in early vernacular): claiming modesty; Small shop: call yourself a small shop. The word "Lao" is a family.

Used to belittle oneself or something related to oneself. Like a redneck: modestly calling himself uneducated; Old age: the elderly claim to be modest; Old face: the old man refers to his own face; Old woman: Old women claim to be modest.

"Dare" is a family. Take the liberty of asking someone else.

If you dare to ask: used to ask each other questions; Dare to ask: used to ask the other party to do something; Dare to trouble: used to trouble the other party to do something. The word "fool" is a family.

Used as a courtesy title for self-assertion. Such as foolish brother: call yourself younger than yourself; Humble opinion: weigh your own views.

You can also call yourself "stupid" by yourself. The word "clumsy" is a family.

Habit takes advantage of others' own. Such as "My Humble Pen": Humble your own words or paintings; My humble job: humble my own article; Humble opinion: Humble opinion.

The word "we" is a family. Used to belittle oneself or something related to oneself.

Like me: call yourself humble; My surname: address your surname humbly; Our place: humble your own house and place; Our school: call your school modestly. The word "despicable" is a family.

Used to belittle oneself or something related to oneself. For example, I: humble myself; Despise: humble one's point of view; Despise: Modest one's point of view.

My humble home: call myself home modestly; Dog: Call your son; .

2. Seek the daily address forms in classical Chinese.

(1) Call yourself my dad, which is strict: Call yourself my dad. My mother and family are kind: call themselves mothers.

Brother and sister: Call yourself brother and sister. Sister-in-law: Call yourself brother and sister.

My nephew: I call myself my nephew. My wife, wife, wife, humble Jing: Call yourself your wife.

My wife: Call her husband. Son, boy: Call yourself a son.

Daughter: Call yourself a daughter. Friend: Call yourself a friend.

Me: Call myself. (2) Honor your father to others: respect each other's father.

Your mother: address each other's mother respectfully. Your son, son and heir: address each other's son respectfully.

Your nephew: Call him nephew. Your love and your yuan: address each other's daughters respectfully.

Your son-in-law: Address each other's son-in-law. Daughter-in-law: Address each other's daughter-in-law.

Zheng Ling, Xiange, your wife: Respect each other's wives. Kun Yuan and Kun Zhong: Call people brothers.

Zi Qiao: Call people father and son. Kench: Call yourself a student.

Gaozu: Call someone else's student. (3) Common honorific words: Ask the other party for something.

Excuse me: Ask the other party to answer the question. Teacher: Please advise.

High opinion: weigh each other's views and opinions. Congratulations: Congratulations on each other's success.

Your surname, your surname: ask the other person's surname. Teacher: Ask the other person.

Gui Geng and Fang Ling: Ask each other their ages. Old age: ask the old age.

Respect the government, respect the government and respect the residence. Huaju: Call the other person's residence.

(4) Common courtesy: Ask others to forgive, and don't care. Please: Used to please &; Thank each other for their help.

Interference: disturbing. Difficult: Thank each other for their help.

(5) Many ancient civilized appellations in China are still in use today. Call other people's parents your parents; Claiming that my parents are my father, strict and kind; Call someone else's yard your home and respect your home; Call yourself a humble abode, shed and thatched cottage.

Call parents Gao Tang, Chun Xuan and parents; The wife's father is commonly known as the father-in-law, and is nicknamed the father-in-law and Mount Tai. Brother is Kun Zhong, Tang Di, brother.

Husband and wife are beautiful, and spouses are partners. A woman is a woman; Men are men.

Teachers are teachers, teachers and mentors; Students are students, and students are also students. The school is a cold window; Classmates are classmates, etc.

(6) In daily life, people often misuse classical Chinese vocabulary. Their son can call him "dog" modestly, but he can't say "how is your dog?" . Ancient women had no status, so husbands called their wives "wives of dross", which is not a humble word, but a contemptuous word.

Older people can call themselves "stupid brothers"; But you can't call others "stupid brothers". When addressing men of the same age who are older than themselves, they should be called "big brother" and "good friend".

A man younger than himself should be called a "good brother". But you can't call yourself a "good brother", you should call yourself a "little brother" or a "younger brother".

Address in modern female communication can refer to male address. (7) Classical Chinese can't be mixed with spoken English. Using "Gui Geng" is an honorific way to ask the age of young people. Spoken English is to ask how old you are this year. If you ask "dear friend, what's your salary this year"? The word "this year" is repetitive, and so is the word "how much".

"Taifu" is a tribute. The table characters used to ask people in ancient times.

For example, ask someone, "Teacher, what's your name?" Can't ask "What's your desk for"? Knowing the other person's name, you can't just deal with it. You can say, "I've heard a lot."

Or "Nice to meet you". It's good to know each other.

When the other person asks, "May I have your name, please?" At that time, you couldn't say what my last name was, but what my last name was, or what my last name was. "High feet" is a respected word, praising the high ability of other students.

Can't be used to refer to your own students. For example, "My great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-

In the sentence, "we" is a word to humble ourselves, and "Gao Zu" is a word to respect other disciples, so this sentence is neither fish nor fowl.

3. Take the appellation in classical Chinese as an example, there are the following types: there are roughly three situations of calling names: (1) claiming names or names.

Such as "Within five steps, please ask the king to spill blood on his neck" and "Luling Wen Tianxiang preface his poems". (2) for introduction or biography.

For example, "Sui and Lu Su are both interested in Sun Quan" and "Liu Jingting is from Taizhou". (3) people who are disgusted and despised.

For example, "Unfortunately, Lu Shimeng is evil in the former, but flattering in the latter". The ancients named it "Cheng Zi" when they were young, and took the word (male 20 years old, female 15 years old) when they came of age. There is a meaningful connection between words and names.

Chinese characters are for the convenience of others, courtesy and respect for peers or elders. For example, Qu Ping is Qu Yuan, Sima Qian is Sima Zichang, Tao Yuanming is Tao, Li Bai is Du Fu, Han Yu is Han Tui, Liu Zongyuan is Liu Zihou, Ouyang Xiu is Ouyang Yongshu, Sima Guang is Sima Junshi, Su Shi is Su Zizhan, and Su Zhe is Su Ziyuan.

Book titles are also called alias numbers and table numbers. The fundamental difference between a name, a character and a number is that the former is decided by the father or elder, while the latter is decided by himself.

Number, generally only used to claim to express some interest or express some emotion; The address of a person is also a kind of honorific title. Such as: Mr. Wu Liu, Li Bai's Qinglian Jushi, Du Fu's Shaoling Yelao, Bai Juyi's Xiangshan Jushi, Li Shangyin's Yuxi Sheng, He's self-proclaimed Siming Fancy in his later years, Ouyang Xiu's Drunk, Liu Yi Jushi in his later years and Wang Anshi's Mid-Levels in his later years.

In ancient posthumous title, after the death of princes, senior officials and famous scribes, they were called posthumous title. For example, Tao Yuanming's name is Jing Shi, Ouyang Xiu is Ouyang Wenzhong, Wang Anshi is Wang Wengong, Fan Zhongyan is Gong, Wang Ao is Su Gong, Zuo Guangdou is Zuo Gong, Shi Kefa is Shi Zhonglie Gong, and Lin Zexu is Lin Wenzhong Gong.

It is a kind of "evil death" to call traitor Qin Gui "Miao Chou". Calling a vegetarian name means calling it by a vegetarian name or room number.

For example, Yang Wanli, a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, called Zhai Wei, and people called him Yang. Yao Nai is called Mr. Bao and Mr. Bao because of his name. Another example is Pu Songling's name is Mr. Liaozhai, Liang Qichao's name is the owner of the icehouse, and Tan Sitong's name is Tan Zhuangfei (his fasting name is Zhuangfei Building).

According to legend, Meng Haoran, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, was from Xiangyang, so he was called Meng Xiangyang. Zhang Jiuling is from Qujiang, so he is called Zhang Qujiang. Liu Zongyuan is a native of Hedong and Yongji, Shanxi, so he is called Liu Hedong. Wang Anshi was born in Linchuan, Jiangxi Province in the Northern Song Dynasty, so people called him King Linchuan. Tang Xianzu, a dramatist in the Ming Dynasty, was named Tang Linchuan (Linchuan, Jiangxi). Gu, a beginner in Qing Dynasty, was born in Kunshan Town, Jiangsu Province, and was called Gu. Kang Youwei is a native of Nanhai, Guangdong Province, known as Kang Nanhai; Yuan Shikai, the leader of Beiyang warlord, is called Yuan Xiangcheng (from Xiangcheng, Henan). There is a famous couplet full of irony in the late Qing Dynasty: "Hefei, the prime minister, is thinner than the world, and Changshu, the farmer, is barren."

The first couplet "Hefei" refers to Li Hongzhang (from Hefei, Anhui), and the second couplet "Changshu" refers to Weng Tonghe who was born in Changshu, Jiangsu. Although Han Yu, known as the king of the county, was born in Heyang, Hanoi (now Meng County, Henan Province), Han Yu often called himself "Changli Han Yu", because the Han surname of Changli (now Yixian County, Liaoning Province) was an aristocratic family in the Tang Dynasty, so the world called him Han Changli.

For another example, Su Shi was originally from Meizhou, Sichuan, but he sometimes called himself "Su Shi in Zhao County" and "Su Zhao County" because Su Shi was a noble family in Zhao County. It is called "Sun Qiulu is smart and kind", and "Sun Qiulu" is Sun Quan, so it is called because he was once awarded the position of General Qiu Lu.

In Meihualing, there are some sentences, such as "coming from the north" and "Yan Taishi uses his soldiers wisely, and Wen Shaobao uses his soldiers to make a big light". Running is Hong Chengchou's official position, a surname is the provincial name of Yan Zhenqing's official position, and Shaobao is Wen Tianxiang's official position. "Book with Wife": "Sima Chun shirt, you can't learn too much."

"Sima" refers to Bai Juyi, who was once a Sima in Jiangzhou. It was quite common to use official names as titles of people in ancient times, such as calling Jia Yi Jia Taifu; Ruan Ji, one of the "Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest", used to be a captain of the infantry and was called Ruan Infantry in the world. Ji Kang once worshipped Zhong Sanyi, who was known as Zhong Sanyi in the world. Wang Xizhi, a great calligrapher in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, was a general of the right army, and people still call him Wang Youjun. Wang Wei, formerly known as Shangshu Youcheng, was called Wang Youcheng. Du Fu is called the left scavenger, and he is also called Du Gongbu, because he is a foreign minister. Liu Yuxi used to be a guest of honor of the prince and was called Liu Ke. Liu Yong was the foreign minister of wasteland, known as Liu wasteland; Su Shi was once a bachelor of Hanlin in Duanmingtang, and was called Su.

The title of "training frugality to show health" is "the luxury crown in recent years", the title of Kou Zhun is Lai Guogong, and Lai Gong is a provincial title. In Meihualing, Duoduo was named Prince Yu by the Qing Dynasty.

In the biography of Liu Jingting, "Ningnan goes south, Anhui Shuai wants to marry Ningnan and pay tribute to the shogunate Zhongting". Ningnan was the provincial name of Zuo Liangyu in the late Ming Dynasty. For example, Zhuge Liang was once conferred the title of marquis of Wu, so later generations are commensurate with marquis of Wu; Xie Lingyun, a poet in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, attacked the title of Xie Xuan, his ancestor, and he thanked him in the past. At the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, it was named Zheng Guogong, so it was called Wei in the world. Guo Ziyi, a famous soldier, was named Guo Ziyi and called "Guo Fenyang" for putting down the Anshi Rebellion. Chu Suiliang, a great calligrapher, was named Duke of Henan, known as Chu Henan in the world; In the Northern Song Dynasty, Wang Anshi was named King Gong Jing. Sima Guang was once named the Duke of Wen, and the world called Sima Wengong. In the early Ming Dynasty, Liu Ji, the minister of Zhu Yuanzhang, was knighted with sincerity, and people were commensurate with sincerity.

Official land refers to the place name of official land. Such as "Battle of Red Cliffs": "What does Yuzhou want now?" Because Liu Bei used to be the secretariat of Yuzhou, he called it an official place.

Another example is Jia Yi, who was once dismissed as Teacher Wang of Changsha, and was known as Jia Changsha in the world. Kong Rong, one of the "seven sons of Jian 'an", was once a Beihai phase, known as Kong Beihai in the world; Tao Yuanming was once the magistrate of Pengze County, and was known as Tao Pengze in the world. Luo was once the magistrate of Linhai County, and was known as Luo Linhai in the world. Cen Can used to be a secretariat, known as CenJiaZhou; Wei was once the secretariat of Suzhou, known as Wei Suzhou in history; Liu Zongyuan used to be the secretariat of Liuzhou, known as Liu Liuzhou in the world; Jia Dao used to be the master book of Changjiang County, known as Jia Changjiang in the world, and his poetry collection was called Changjiang Collection. Also known as "You Bao Chan" and "Simin Luling".

4. Why are there no scholars who speak Chinese with a well-developed honorific system? It's that the honorific system of Korean spoken by some scholars has been a state of etiquette since ancient times, and honorifics are particularly developed. However, it is mainly classical Chinese, and today's spoken language is very different from that of ancient times. The spoken language of modern Chinese is straightforward and casual. In ancient times, when meeting guests or their important people, Han people spoke tactfully and modestly. On formal occasions, eating was called dining.

"please".

"Your Excellency", your brother, your sister and elders will also say honorific words to the younger generation, calling themselves "old" and "old woman". The elders express their gratitude to the younger generation, and the younger generation will reply with honorifics such as "Don't say thank you" and "The younger generation is not worthy", but modern Chinese is all arbitrary.

5. How to write a welcome speech in classical Chinese? You can read classical Chinese, right? In fact, as long as you master the reading method of classical Chinese, you can write what you want to write in vernacular Chinese first, and then translate it into classical Chinese sentence by sentence. To a certain extent, you don't have to write the vernacular first and then translate it into classical Chinese, because it can be written directly.

The welcome speech of the conference is a speech made by the host (referring to administrative organs, enterprises, social groups or individuals) to welcome the guests.

Structure of welcome speech at the meeting:

The welcome speech of the meeting consists of six parts: title, topic, opening remarks, text, conclusion and signature. (1) title. Titles come in two forms. 1) Welcome occasions or objects are composed of language, such as "Welcome speech for the 75th anniversary"; 2) Use "Welcome Speech at the Meeting" as the title. (2) address. Address an object with a colon in a column. In the face of guests, it is advisable to use friendly honorifics, such as "Dear friend:" and "Dear leader:". (3) the beginning. Welcome in one sentence. (4) the text. Explain the reasons for the welcome, describe each other's communication and friendship, and explain the significance of communication. For those who come to visit for the first time, you can introduce more about the organization. (5) conclusion. Use honorifics to express wishes. (6) signature. The welcome speech of the meeting used for the speech does not need to be signed. If it needs to be published, it should be signed under the title or at the end of the article.

The main points of writing the welcome speech at the meeting:

(1) Observe the object to speak.

Welcome words at the meeting are mostly used for foreign exchange. In the external communication of various social organizations, there may be various guests, such as superior leaders, inspection teams and investigation teams. The purpose of the visit is different, and the reasons for welcoming should be different. Welcome speeches at the meeting should be targeted and express different feelings.

Look at the occasion and talk.

Welcome ceremony. The ceremony is also varied, including grand welcome party, cocktail party, banquet and press conference; There are general symposiums, trade fairs, order fairs, etc. The welcome speech at the meeting depends on the occasion. It should be serious and serious, and it should be relaxed. (3) Enthusiasm without losing discretion.

Welcome to be sincere, enthusiastic, humble and polite. The language is kind and full of true feelings. Pay attention to discretion, neither humble nor supercilious. (4) About addressing.

Because it is used to communicate with foreign guests (outside the organization), the welcome speech at the meeting is more colorful than the opening and closing speeches, and needs to be warm and polite. In order to show respect, you should call your full name. Add titles or honorifics such as "sir:", "madam:", "dear", "dear" and "dear" before or after the name to show kindness. (5) Pleasure

There is an old saying in China that "it's a pleasure to have friends coming from afar", so the welcome speech should be cheerful, and the words and expressions must be rich and sincere. Only in this way can guests feel at home and lay a good foundation for the success of the next activities. (6) Oral English

Welcome words are intended to be expressed orally to the guests at the scene, so colloquialism is an inevitable requirement in the use of welcome words, and the wording should be in a life-like language, that is, concise and full of life interest. Spoken English will bring closer the cordial relationship between host and guest.