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The tour guide of Shaolin Temple. Dear visitors, hello! Now we are on our way to Shaolin Temple. Before we arrive at our destination, I'll give you an overview of Shaolin Temple. Surely everyone has seen the film Shaolin Temple? You must have been deeply impressed by the superb martial arts of Shaolin disciples and the quaint flavor of Shaolin Temple in this film. Since this film became a hit, Shaolin Temple has gained a great reputation, and tourists at home and abroad have been coming in an endless stream. In recent years, we in Henan have made great efforts to develop tourism by using martial arts as a medium, and held the Shaolin International Wushu Festival every two years, which not only attracted many overseas martial arts groups to participate, It has also promoted the development of regional economy. Shaolin Temple is located at the west foot of Songshan Mountain, about 13 kilometers northwest of Dengfeng City. In 495 AD, Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty built this temple to settle the Indian monk Batuo and spread Buddhism. Because it is located in the dense forest of Shaoshi Mountain, it was named "Shaolin Temple". 32 years later (527), another Indian monk, Dharma, went to Shaolin Temple. He believed in Mahayana Buddhism and advocated universal salvation. He gathered followers in Shaolin Temple, and first spread Zen Buddhism. Later, Zen Buddhism spread all over the country, and Shaolin Temple was called the ancestral court of Zen Buddhism. At the end of Sui Dynasty and the beginning of Tang Dynasty, Shaolin Temple was praised by the court for its meritorious service in rescuing Li Shimin, the king of Tang Dynasty. Since then, Shaolin Wushu has become famous all over the world, and the temple has developed rapidly, which is called "the first temple in the world". These are the reasons why Shaolin Temple is famous. If we summarize it with two words, Zen is "Zen" and "martial arts". Zen is an important sect of Buddhism, which is formed by combining China's local religion and Confucianism, and has a great influence on China culture. "Zen" means to be normal, not attached to things, to get rid of all other thoughts and not to be persistent. There is a story that can explain this truth very well. Zen master Zhao Zhou traveled all his life and spread Zen. He himself said: "Yes," Zhao Zhou said, "Go for tea." He asked the second one, and replied, "I haven't been here yet." Zhao Zhou also said, "Go for tea." The master didn't understand. He asked the master, why did you ask all the people who had been here to have tea? Zen master Zhao Zhou still said, "Have tea!" That is to say, in daily life, Zen is not learned, but realized. There are all Zen machines, such as fetching water and chopping wood, eating and drinking tea. The normal heart and indifferent feelings in daily life are the true meaning of life, and all people are the same at this time. Well, what we just talked about is the meaning of Zen, so what is the practice method of Zen? Yes, it's meditation, that is, sitting on the side wall to get rid of distractions. It is said that Dharma, the ancestor of Zen Buddhism, passed through the side wall for 9 years, and his shadow was deeply imprinted on the opposite stone wall. However, if a person sits for a long time, he will naturally be very tired and his spirit will not vibrate, so Dharma created a set of gymnastics and taught his disciples to exercise. At that time, Shaolin Temple was located in the deep mountains and forests, and wild animals were infested, so he added some practical tricks to defend himself. After thousands of years. It has merged into the essence of the major martial arts schools in China, and it has become a unique Shaolin martial arts that shocked the world. Today, we went to Shaolin Temple, first to understand "Zen" and second to appreciate "martial arts". I believe that after the tour, we will not only understand Zen Buddhism, but also have a three-trick and two-style. Well, the general situation of Shaolin Temple will be introduced here for everyone, and the hospitalization situation of Shaolin Temple will be later

. The tour guide of Shaolin Temple will give you a detailed explanation. Well, tourists, Shaolin Temple will arrive soon, so please take your belongings and get ready to get off the bus.

Hello everyone, Confucius said, it's a great pleasure to have friends coming from afar. Today, it's with this mood that I welcome all my friends. Luoyang is a famous historical city at home and abroad. It has a long history. Splendid culture and numerous cultural relics and historic sites. In order to make the guests have a better understanding of the history, culture and historic sites of this ancient city during their stay in Luoyang, I will briefly introduce the history of Luoyang and the general situation of Longmen Grottoes to you on the way to visit the scenic spots by bus. Luoyang is located in the west of Henan Province, on the south bank of the middle reaches of the Yellow River. It is named because it is located on the north bank of Luohe, which means the sun of Luoshui. Luoyang was once the capital city of many dynasties in history. Known as the "ancient capital of the Nine Dynasties", Luoyang has long been the political, cultural and economic center of China. Today, the world-famous Longmen Grottoes we visited are one of many cultural relics. Longmen Grottoes, located at the Longmen Pass in the southern suburbs of Luoyang, are 12.5 kilometers away from the urban area. It was excavated from Taihe in the Northern Wei Dynasty for 19 years and has a history of more than 1,5 years. Yungang Grottoes in Datong, together with * * *, constitute the three famous grotto art treasures in China. Longmen was called "Yi Que" in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. Xiangshan (Dongshan) and Longmen Mountain (Xishan) confronted each other in the east and west, and Yi water flowed through it, forming a magnificent gate que. Later, it was called Longmen because it was in the south of the Sui and Tang Dynasties. The so-called "Grottoes" were the straight holes dug on the cliff of Shibi. Used to hide or store food and things. As early as in primitive society, people have used natural caves to describe animal images and life scenes. However, it appeared as a cave temple as a place for Buddhist believers and monks to worship Buddha and practice, but it appeared after the rise of Buddhism in ancient India. Because of the quiet and mysterious mountains, the caves are warm in winter and cool in summer, and the caves carved by the mountains are more convenient and durable than the temples built of bricks and stones, so the collection of buildings and paintings appeared in ancient India. The grotto temple, a masterpiece of carving art, has been introduced into China's frontier and inland areas with the missionary activities of monks, and has merged with China's national characteristics and various traditional artistic techniques and styles, becoming a unique carving and painting process in China. The Longmen Grottoes we are going to see today are one of the treasures of many temples in China. The carving of Longmen Grottoes, in addition to the favorable conditions mentioned above, There is also a natural piece that can't be ignored. The cliffs on both sides of Yishui belong to the limestone layers of Paleozoic CAMBRIAN and Ordovician. Its stone is hard and compact, which is not suitable for weathering and large-scale spalling. Compared with other sand rocks, it has favorable conditions for preservation. The excavation of Longmen Grottoes in Luoyang is another large cave temple group excavated by the royal family after Dunhuang Grottoes in Gansu and Yungang Grottoes in Datong, Shanxi. Built in the Taihe period of the Northern Wei Dynasty, it went through the Eastern Wei Dynasty, the Western Wei Dynasty, the Northern Qi Dynasty, the Northern Zhou Dynasty, the Sui and Tang Dynasties and extended to the Qing Dynasty for more than 4 years. Among them, large-scale and efficient construction took about 15 years, which appeared in the Northern Wei Dynasty (accounting for more than 4 years) and the Sui and Tang Dynasties (accounting for about 11 years) respectively. Large and small shrines and stone statues in Longmen Grottoes were built along the banks of the Yishui River.

The length from north to south is 1 km. Dear friends, it takes us about 1.5-2 hours to visit the Longmen Grottoes. Here, we can see more than 1, large and small Buddha statues every minute. According to the statistics of Longmen Cultural Relics Preservation Institute in 1962, there are more than 2,1 grottoes in the two mountains, with more than 1, statues and more than 4 pagodas. There are more than 2,87 inscriptions on statues. The statues are mainly made in the Northern Wei Dynasty (Eastern Wei Dynasty, Northern Qi Dynasty), Sui Dynasty and Tang Dynasty, accounting for about 3% in the Northern Wei Dynasty and 6% in the Sui and Tang Dynasties. The largest statue in Longmen Grottoes is the Lushena Buddha in Fengxian Temple, most of which are concentrated on the cliff on the west bank of Yishui, including 7 large caves. Because the rock formation in the East Mountain of Longmen is smaller than that in the west. The representative caves in the Northern Wei Dynasty are Guyang Cave, Binyang Middle Cave and Lianhua Cave, etc. The representative caves in the Sui Dynasty are Binyang South Cave. The representative caves in the Tang Dynasty are: Qianxi Temple, Binyang North Cave, Wanfo Cave and Fengxian Temple, etc. The sculptures in Longmen Grottoes are not only the crystallization of the infinite wisdom and sweat of working people and artists in previous dynasties, but also a wonderful flower combined with foreign culture and Chinese culture. These sculptors, However, they boldly broke through the shackles of "rituals" of religion and ethics. In the process of carving, they merged into a lot of real life, vividly showing the moving scenes of various figures, such as joy, kindness, majesty, reserve, pain, and even the solemnity of the Buddha as the supreme ruler, threatening the piety and tranquility of the servants and providers, all of which are artists' profound observation of the reality of "people" and using realism and tranquility. It is the result of highly summarizing and concentrating. It can be said that the Buddha and people are vividly presented in the art of sculpture. However, the complete layout of ideas, the consistent momentum, the solid and powerful overall, the diverse personality changes, the vivid facial expressions, the smooth and beautiful lines of clothing lines, etc., are based on thousands of years of artistic practice traditions, drawing on a lot of foreign cultures, carefully creating techniques and styles, and breaking through the tradition. As a result of deliberate management, talented ancient craftsmen and sculpture design artists carved such magnificent and meticulous group Buddha statues with simple hammers facing the bare cliffs, which was really amazing at that time when productivity and production tools were very backward. Longmen Grottoes, like a colorful and all-encompassing museum, studied China's history, religion, culture, art and medicine. It has provided extremely valuable information. Well, friends, we have arrived at the Longmen Grottoes. Now please get off the bus and follow me to visit the grottoes. During the visit to the grottoes, I will focus on explaining several main caves planted in the Longmen Grottoes. (In Qianxi Temple) This is Qianxi Temple, which is the first large grottoes we entered at the northern end of Longmen Xishan. The caves in Qianxi Temple are high, more than 9 meters wide and deep. It has a history of more than 1,3 years, so it was named after the continuous outflow of streams in the underground. It is said that a prime minister named Li Pan built a villa here in the Tang Dynasty. In the Qing Dynasty, buildings such as wooden eaves were built outside the cave, so it was also called "fú Hall". The roof of the cave was carved into a hidden lotus, and the main statue in the cave was Amitabha, with a height of 7.38 meters and a full face value. All parts of the body are well proportioned, and the whole posture gives people a sense of silence and kindness. There are two disciples, two bodhisattvas and two heavenly kings on both sides, especially the bodhisattva on the south wall, which is plump and thick in shape and quiet in manners. The statue with the main Buddha is the most beautiful of the Tang Dynasty stone carvings in Longmen Grottoes. The front two walls in the cave are carved with a guardian heavenly king, with high cheekbones and big eyes, magnificent body, powerful in strength and wearing armor. It is also very vivid and vivid. (In Binyang Cave) After we passed the Qianxi Temple, there was an open stone niche on the right side of the road. On the main wall was a cursive stone tablet written by Chen Ku in the Song Dynasty, which was written by Chen Chuan, a Taoist priest in the Northern Song Dynasty. Then, Chen Chuan was a man at the end of God. He was a legendary figure with a lonely career and was deeply appreciated by the emperor for his seclusion. Take a few steps to the south, and enter a quiet courtyard. In the courtyard, there are three grottoes sitting side by side from west to east, namely the three caves in Binyang (commonly known as the middle cave, the north cave and the south cave). Represented by the middle cave, the middle cave was called Lingyan Temple in the Northern Wei Dynasty, and it was renamed Binyang Cave only after the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Legend has it that it was named after the addition of the last two words of Lv Dongbin, one of the eight immortals of Taoism (Dong Bin) andNo. (Chun Yang). It was carved from 5 AD to four years in Zhengguang, that is, it was completed in June of 523 AD, which lasted for 24 years and employed 82,366 workers. We can also understand the meaning of "seeking for the sunrise of Binyang", that is, the meaning of sunrise or sunny. Although Binyang Cave consumes so much time and money, all the projects of the three caves are not over. Yanchang four years, Xuan Wudi collapsed in 515 AD. Emperor Xiaoming (Yuan Xu), who was only 7 years old, acceded to the throne, and his political power was in the hands of his mother Hu Taihou. Because of the civil strife in the court, the carving work of Binyang actually stopped. Therefore, the three caves in Binyang, a large cave operated by the royal family in the Northern Wei Dynasty, actually only completed a middle cave in Binyang. The two caves in the north and south were completed by the later Sui and Tang Dynasties. The three caves in Binyang were carved by three dynasties. Please come with me. I'll tell you from Binyang Middle Cave. Binyang Middle Cave is a III Buddha Cave. Due to the great influence of Hokkekyo, in the Northern Wei Dynasty, besides believing in Sakyamuni and Duobao, the object of belief was the III Buddha. This is the only case in Longmen Grottoes. The Binyang Middle Cave is 9.8 meters high. The depth and width are both 11.1m. On the front, there are five statues with siddhattha gotama as the main figure. China, who tied the Buddha's knot, sat down (the sitting method of Zen practitioners in Buddhism is that his feet are knotted and his feet are next to his left and right thighs). He was dressed in a cassock with a compliment belt, which was 8.4m high, with a delicate face, full expression, high nose and big eyes, and a slight smile. His left hand bent down three times. A lion with a strong posture. His chest hair falls backwards from left to right, which is the characteristic of carving lions in the Northern Wei Dynasty. Sakyamuni stood with his second son and two bodhisattvas (Zuo Manjusri and right Pu Xian). The two bodhisattvas were smiling and caring, and Wen Ya was sincere, giving people a sense of intimacy. There were also statues and casts on the north and south walls, both of which were a Buddha and two bodhisattvas, wearing robes of praise. The central sculpture focuses on the lotus treasure cover composed of large petals of lotus flowers. There are eight geisha and two worshippers around the lotus flowers. We call the worshippers flying. Flying is called the "sweet-sounding god" in Buddhist art, and it is a beautiful fairy who can sing and dance well and is full of fragrance. This is the scene described in Hokkekyo, in which "all kinds of geisha music, millions of gods, are all in vain for a while, and the rain is all over the sky". There are four layers of exquisite reliefs from top to bottom. In the past, visitors could go in to see them. Now, in order to protect these precious cultural relics from being damaged again, iron railings are added in front of the cave. I hope all friends can understand. On the south side of Binyang Middle Cave, a monument is carved on the cliff, that is, the famous "monument of Chu Suiliang", that is, the monument of Yique Buddha's niche, which records Wei Wangtai, the fourth son of Emperor Taizong. Changsun Shi, his dead mother, made a statue of opening a cave with merits (in 641 AD in the 15th year of Zhenguan). This inscription has been seriously corroded, and it is difficult to distinguish its text. The object-like middle cave was originally carved in the Northern Wei Dynasty, but it was abandoned halfway because of civil strife in the court. It is a transitional cave from the Northern Wei Dynasty to the beginning of Tangchu. The cave is 9 meters high, 8 meters wide and 9 meters deep. The main statue is popular in the Tang Dynasty.