Confucius comments

Confucius' contribution (Xu's viewpoint): 1. Breaking the social and political class restrictions, the gentleman villain in the traditional class has become a moral figure, which can be decided by everyone's efforts, and the gentleman has become a symbol of every direction of efforts, not an oppressor in the class. 2. Confucius opened up the inner personality world, thus opening up unlimited opportunities for human integration and upward. 3. Confucius began to understand the method of learning, which laid the foundation for China's academic development. 4. Positive affirmation of educational value is a great inspiration to educational methods. 5. Summarize and sort out the ancient literature, endow it with new meaning, and lay a foundation for the academic development of China from the old literature. 6, the completion of the personality world.

The negative influence of Confucius' subjective thought and practice on history: 1. Trying to cure the current abuses through rituals. The collapse of rites is not the result of man-made, but the loss of the carrier of enfeoffment system. Confucius mistakenly thought that the people's hearts were unfashionable and morally corrupt, so he had to live a life of respecting his relatives in a strict sense again. The value of retro-ism has undoubtedly cultivated China people's hidebound thinking, and made ethical norms such as "Don't say anything unless you are evil" and "Don't move until you are evil" become the code of conduct for more than 2,000 years. 2. According to the cultural model of Zhou Li, the combination of rites and music completely endowed music with an ethical function, which not only destroyed music, but also set an example for autocratic monarchs in past dynasties to follow. After that, the Han nationality no longer has the art of singing and dancing that can reflect the vitality of life, or even the romantic attitude towards life, the artistic tradition of eulogizing life and the heroic temperament. Become elegant, cowardly, old-fashioned and hypocritical. Although Duke Zhou was the initiator, Confucius played the most important role. It is he who makes the Han people more rational, but at the expense of people's perceptual life. His art serves politics and all kinds of songs and dances sing praises, which sets a bad example for later generations. 3. A large number of ancient books were deleted and revised for the sake of humanistic education, which was also not conducive to the inheritance of ancient culture, even the first disaster of Chinese culture, and Qin Huo retreated in two. 4. "Because the historical records are the Spring and Autumn Annals, the rebels are afraid of thieves", but they overemphasize the social and political value of history and put forward the idea of "replacing the law with history", which makes the rulers praise and discredit history for themselves and falsely accuse or kill people with history.

The evaluation of Confucius in the History of Civilization in China by Qi Liang is different in history. Everything has two sides, so we should comment objectively and rationally.