Kung fu. Confucius Temple. Tour guide Kong Lin.

Tour Guide Words of Confucius Temple, Confucius House and Confucius Forest

Ladies and gentlemen: Qufu is the hometown of Confucius, a great thinker, politician and educator in ancient China, and one of the first 24 historical and cultural cities in China. Confucius famously said, "It's a pleasure to have friends coming from afar." Today, I am fortunate to be a tour guide for all of you. I am very happy. I will try my best to provide you with satisfactory service. Please criticize and correct the shortcomings.

Overview of Qufu Before visiting the "Three Holes", please allow me to introduce the overview of Qufu:

Qufu is located at the junction of Lushan Mountain and Southwest Shandong Plain, with Taishan Mountain in the north, Yishan Mountain in the south, Yimeng Mountain in the east and Qianchou Plain in the west. The terrain is high in the east and low in the west. Rivers such as Sihe River and Yihe River all flow from east to west. Since ancient times, there has been a saying that "the sage pours water in front of the door". Rich in products and pleasant scenery. Li Bai, a great poet, once described Qufu as follows: "Laughing and boasting an old friend is called despair, and the scenery is beautiful."

Qufu has a long history. As early as five or six thousand years ago, our ancestors flourished here and created the early civilization of mankind. In many ancient books, there are also records that Emperor Yan and Shaowu moved to Qufu. The Yellow Emperor was born in Shouqiu (8 Li in Qufu East) and worked as a utensil in Shouqiu. It can be seen that four of the most influential three emperors and five emperors in ancient China left traces in Qufu. Although this is a legend, it is not groundless. In more than 20 sites of Dawenkou culture and Longshan culture preserved in China, we can still see the remains of ancestors conquering nature. The name Qufu first appeared in The Book of Rites:>. Ying Shao in the Eastern Han Dynasty explained: "There is a hill in the east of Lucheng, which is seven or eight miles long, hence the name Qufu." In the early Shang Dynasty, Qufu was famous for choosing cities and was an important vassal state in Shang Dynasty. It has been more than 800 years since the Zhou Dynasty sealed the Duke of Zhou in Qufu, which was the capital of Lu and an important political, economic and cultural center of China at that time. During the Spring and Autumn Period, Confucius initiated the style of private lectures. "Three thousand disciples and seventy sages have two" spread all over the country and became the education center at that time. Lu is the golden age in Qufu's history, and it is known as "the state of etiquette", so Shandong Province is still abbreviated as "Lu". In 249 BC, the State of Chu destroyed Lu and established Lu County. Qin belongs to Xue County, the Western Han Dynasty is the capital of Lu State, and the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties are governed by Lu State. In the 16th year of Emperor Kai of Sui Dynasty (596), Qufu was first named as a county name. Yuan Xian County was renamed in Song Dynasty, and Qufu County was restored in Jin Dynasty. 1986 abolished the county system and called Qufu City. It covers an area of 890 square kilometers and has a population of more than 600,000. Qufu has a long history and splendid culture, leaving a large number of cultural relics, including 1 10. Among them, the sites of Confucius Temple, Confucius House, Konglin and Lugu Ancient City were listed as the first batch of key cultural relics protection units in China, and 1 1 was listed as an important cultural relics protection unit in the whole province. "Three Holes" was also listed as a world cultural heritage by the United Nations in 1994.

After the founding of New China, especially since the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the party and state leaders attached great importance to the cultural relics and historic sites in Qufu, and the state allocated more than 30 million yuan to comprehensively repair the "Three Holes". In recent years, in order to vigorously develop tourism, Qufu has successively developed and built a number of new tourist attractions, such as Confucius Six Arts City, Analects of Confucius Monument, Lushi Huaxia Cultural City, etc., forming a new pattern of tourism resources in which humanities and natural landscapes are integrated and old and new attractions complement each other, and becoming a cultural tourism destination that Chinese and foreign tourists yearn for.

Confucian temple

Now let's visit the Confucius Temple. Confucius Temple is located in the center of Qufu, where the ancient feudal dynasty in China offered sacrifices to Confucius.

Confucius (5565438 BC+0-479 BC), Zhong Ni, was born in Nishan, Qufu. At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, he gathered in Luduke to give lectures on the "Six Classics" (Rites, Music, Shooting, Imperial, Calligraphy, Numbering), and summed up a set of effective theories in practice. In his later years, he deleted poems >>, books >>, ordered & gtLe >>, praised Zhouyi >>, revised the Spring and Autumn Period >>, and made great contributions to the spread of culture: he "inherited Yao and Shun, integrated the achievements of three generations of culture, founded the Confucian theory of" respecting benevolence and respecting ceremony ",and pushed the ancient culture of China to a new level. In the second year after Confucius' death, Lu Aigong built the main hall where he lived before his death as a temple "for worship at the age of twenty". At that time, there were only "three temples", which contained clothes, crowns, pianos, cars, books and so on used by Confucius before his death. Since then, with the addition of Confucius in the past dynasties, the Confucius Temple has been continuously maintained and expanded, reaching its present scale in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. 9 courtyards in front and back, covering an area of 327.5 mu, with a length of1km from north to south; * * * 466 buildings and 54 gatehouses; In addition, there are more than 1700 ancient trees and 1200 stone tablets in the temple, which makes people sigh step by step. Confucius Temple, together with the Forbidden City in Beijing and chengde mountain resort in Hebei, is called the three ancient buildings in China, which is the crystallization of the wisdom of the working people in ancient China. For more than two thousand years, tourists have been searching for and mourning for each other.

The word Zhen, the first square of Confucius Temple in Jin Shengyu, comes from Mencius. Confucius called it a masterpiece. The masters are Jin Sheng and Yu Zhen. " The original meaning of "Jin Sheng Yu Zhen" is a perfect tune. When China played music in ancient times, it ended with ringing a bell (starting with a golden sound and striking a jade vibration). The metaphor of Confucius' thought here is a collection of ancient sages and sages, praising Confucius' great contribution to culture. This workshop was built in the Ming Dynasty, and the word "Golden Sound and Jade Zhen" was inscribed by Hu Renzong, a famous calligrapher in the Ming Dynasty. The first gate of Lingxingmen Confucius Temple. This star is the star of spirit. The ancients thought it was a "master's celebration". In ancient times, the spirit star should be sacrificed first. There is a gate in the Confucius Temple, which means that Confucius is as revered as heaven. Confucianism and Confucianism founded by Confucius ruled and influenced the feudal society in China for more than two thousand years. Therefore, later generations praised Confucius with "virtue and heaven" and "Taoist view of ancient and modern times", meaning that he gave people benefits as great as heaven and earth, and his thoughts were the best in ancient and modern times. Therefore, the first question for the Confucius Temple to enter the hospital is: virtue and heaven, Taoist temple in ancient and modern times. The word "holy time" comes from Mencius. Mencius compared four ancient sages in China: "Boyi, the sage is pure; Yi Yin, a saint; Liu Xiahui, holy and also; Confucius is also a saint. " In other words, Confucius is the most suitable saint for the times. The Bishui Bridge spans the gate of the holy time and suddenly becomes clear. There is a huge courtyard with dense cypress trees and lush grass. There are three arch bridges that stand opposite each other. They were built in the Ming Dynasty, so they were named "Bishui Bridge" because of the backwater around them. The Red Gate is the third gate of Confucius Temple. The word "Hongdao" comes from The Analects of Confucius. Wei Linggong >; & gt "Man can preach, but Tao can't preach" praised Confucius, carried forward the ancient orthodox thought, and became "the teacher of emperors for thousands of years and the table of human relations through the ages". The meaning of this door can be extended as follows: if people want to make achievements in learning, they must step into the "gate" and learn all excellent cultures, including Confucius' thoughts, in order to become useful materials in society.

Dazhongmen is the main entrance of Confucius Temple in Song Dynasty. Popular praised Confucius' doctrine of the mean. The right way in the world is middle, and the theorem in the world is middle. Mediocrity is not easy. "The Doctrine of the Mean" is the only right way in the world where justice can exist independently.

Palace buildings in Tongwenmen China often set up small barriers in front of the main building to show solemnity. There is no fence in Wentong Gate, but there is a natural barrier in front of Kuiwen Pavilion. The word "Wen Tong" comes from The Book of Rites. Same book, same line. It means to unify language, culture and thought, that is, to unify the whole human thought with Confucius' thought. Kuiwen Pavilion is one of the main buildings of Confucius Temple, which is famous for its rich collection of books and unique architecture. Founded in the second year of Song Tianxi (A.D. 10 18), it was originally called the Library Building, and was renamed "Kuiwen Pavilion" when it was rebuilt in the Jin Dynasty. "Kui" is a star name, one of the 28 places, and it is said that it is the way of the western white tiger. There are 16 stars, "hook, like a word". Filial piety >:> After remembering Zhu Kui, later generations turned Kuixing into the leader of civil servants, and later feudal emperors compared Confucius to Kuixing in the sky, so they built Kuiwen Pavilion in Confucius Temple. Kuiwen Pavilion is 23.35m high, 30.10m wide from east to west and17.62m deep from north to south. It has three cornices and four arches. Its structure is reasonable, strong and abnormal, and it has withstood hundreds of years of ups and downs and repeated earthquakes. According to records, during the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, there was a great earthquake in Qufu, and Kuiwen Pavilion was safe and sound, which was worthy of being a famous masterpiece of ancient wooden architecture in China. 1985 national appropriation10.2 million yuan, 1987 overhaul and transformation, completely maintaining the original style. All the original books of Kuiwenge were moved into Confucius Archives for preservation. What is on display now is the Confucius Sacred Objects Exhibition.

On both sides of Kuiwen Pavilion are four Ming Dynasty imperial monuments. People used to call these animals carrying pills "turtles carrying pills". In fact, their name is "Tiaotiao", and they are the legendary sons of dragons. "The sons of nine dragons do not constitute a dragon." Chariots are characterized by a dragon head, a turtle's back, an eagle's claw and a snake's tail. It is good at bearing loads and can live a long life. The ruler should use it to bear the imperial monument. Thirteen pavilions lead to Kuiwen Pavilion, which is thirteen pavilions. Thirteen stone pavilions were specially built to preserve the imperial stone tablets of the feudal emperors. The museum has preserved 55 inscriptions of Tang, Song, Jin, Yuan, Ming, Qing and Republic of China. Most of the inscriptions are records of the emperor's memorial to Confucius, new worship to the temple, sending officials to sacrifice and rebuilding the temple. Written in Chinese, Basiba (Mongolian in Yuan Dynasty) and Manchu respectively. Among them, the largest stone tablet was built in the 25th year of Qing Emperor Kangxi (1686), weighing about 35 tons, and the Tuoba stone tablet weighed about 65 tons. This boulder was taken from the western hills of Beijing. It was amazing that it could be safely transported to Qufu thousands of miles away under the conditions at that time. There is also a jungle-like stone tablet in the southeast and southwest of this hospital, which is an original cursive seal with different styles, which can be described as a collection of calligraphy schools in past dynasties. In addition, several stone tablets record the peasant uprisings of the Red Scarf Army in the late Yuan Dynasty, Liu Liu, Liu Qi and Xu Hongru in the late Ming Dynasty, which are precious historical materials for studying the history of peasant revolution in China. To the north of the Thirteen Monuments Pavilion, there are five gates in parallel, which divides the Confucius Temple into three roads. To the east is the holy gate, which is a place to worship the ancestors of Confucius for nearly five generations; On the west is the gate of enlightenment, and inside is the place to worship Confucius' parents; There are three parallel roads in the middle, with Dacheng Gate in the middle and Jinsheng Gate and Yuzhen Gate on both sides. The juniper tree surrounded by the stone fence on the east side of Dachengmen was planted by the former teacher, and the stone tablet on the east side of the tree was written by Yang Guangxun during the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty. According to legend, Confucius planted three Castanopsis carlesii trees with his own hands, and then two trees died. Only this Mi Tuo lived and died, and lived several times. Tree height 10 meter, foldable. In the past, people regarded it as a symbol of Confucius' thought, which was not only related to the fate of Confucius' family, but also to the fate of feudal rulers. Mi Fei, a great calligrapher in the Song Dynasty, praised this: "The horned dragon monster, which is quite masculine, made enemies for two thousand years and corrected the chaos as before." Xingtan Xingtan is said to be the place where Confucius gave lectures. Confucius' record of "setting up an apricot altar" was first seen in Zhuangzi. & gt: "Confucius swam in this forest, sat in the apricot altar, his disciples read books, and Confucius sang string songs." In the second year of Song Tianxi (10 18), when Daofu Kong, a descendant of the 45th generation of Confucius, supervised the construction of the Confucius Temple, he moved the main hall back. "In addition to the ground, it is an altar, surrounded by apricots, named apricot altar." The Jin Dynasty began with a pavilion on the altar, and the word "Xingtan" was sealed by the famous scholar party at that time and is now preserved in the pavilion. Another stone tablet in the pavilion is "Ode to the Apricot Altar" written in calligraphy by Emperor Qianlong in Qing Dynasty: "When you come again, it is worth blooming. A few clusters of trees in the east wind are nothing more than flowers on earth, and civilization lasts forever. "

The main building of the Confucius Temple in Dacheng Hall is the central place for offering sacrifices to Confucius. The word "Dacheng" comes from Mencius >:>: "Confucius is a masterpiece", praising Confucius' thought as a masterpiece of ancient sages. Dacheng Hall was built in the second year of Song Tianxi (10 18) and was later destroyed by fire. The existing Dacheng Hall was rebuilt during the Yongzheng period of the Qing Dynasty. It is 24.8 meters high, 45.8 meters wide and 24.9 meters deep, with double eaves and nine ridges, carved beams and painted buildings with yellow tiles, which is magnificent. Together with the Taihe Hall in the Forbidden City in Beijing and the Tiantai Hall in Dai Temple in Tai 'an, it is called the Three Oriental Halls. There are 28 stone dragon pillars standing around the porch of Dacheng Hall, all of which are all carved in stone, with a height of 6 meters and a diameter of 0.8 meters, which were carved by Huizhou craftsmen during Hongzhi period of Ming Dynasty. The 18 octagonal pillar on the two mountains and the back eaves of Dacheng Hall are all Yunlong shallow carvings. The most striking thing is the 10 deep relief dragon column on the front eaves. Each column has two dragons standing opposite each other, coiled and rising, carved with pearls, beautifully carved and lifelike, all of which are treasures of stone carving art in China. It is said that when Emperor Qianlong came to Qufu's sacrificial cave, all the stone pillars were wrapped in HongLing, and he dared not let the emperor see them, for fear that the emperor would blame him for exceeding the palace. The architectural art of Dacheng Hall fully shows the intelligence of the working people in our country. Dacheng Hall has 9 large shrines, 17 statues, with Confucius in the middle. Confucius sat 3.35 meters high, wearing twelve crowns and twelve costumes, holding the truth in his hand. He looks noble and dignified, like a king. This is Confucius deified by emperors of past dynasties. In fact, the true face of Confucius should be the image of a scholar in cloth. In the shrines on both sides of the statue of Confucius, there are Yan Hui, Kong Ji, Zeng Shen, a sage, and Monk, a western sage, which are collectively called "four matches". On both sides are statues of "Twelve Philosophers", all of whom are disciples of Confucius except Song Ru and Zhu.

The terrace in front of Dacheng Hall used to be a place for dancing and playing music when offering sacrifices to Confucius. Now the opening ceremony of Qufu International Confucius Culture Festival on September 26th and the commemoration of Confucius' birthday on September 28th are held here every year. There are east and west halls on both sides of Dacheng Hall, each with a length of163m. It used to be a place to worship sages and Confucianism, but now it is a stone carving display. There are 44 stone tablets of Han, Wei, Sui, Tang, Song and Yuan in Dongguan, which is a must of Confucius Temple. It is a precious ancient cultural heritage in China, which has important historical value for studying the ancient calligraphy art and the evolution of characters. There are more than 65,438,000 "Han stone reliefs" in Xi 'an, which are precious materials and artistic treasures for studying the social life of China during the Han and Wei Dynasties. The sleeping hall is a place for offering sacrifices to Mrs. Confucius. The Youlong Feng Fei woodcarving in the shrine in the temple is exquisite and unusual, and the wooden sign in the shrine reads "Most Holy Mage Goddess". Mrs. Confucius, a native of the Song Dynasty in the Spring and Autumn Period, married Confucius at the age of 19 and died seven years before Confucius. There are few records about her in ancient books. It was not until the Song Dynasty that she was canonized by Song Zhenzong and Zhao Heng as "Lady Yun Guo", and in the Yuan Dynasty, she was canonized as "Lady Dacheng to Saint Wang Wenxuan". Later, Confucius changed her name to "Supreme Master", and she was also called "Mrs. Supreme Master". There were statues in the early days, and the sleeping hall caught fire during the Yongzheng period of the Qing Dynasty. When it was rebuilt, it was changed to the tablet of God. The last building of Confucius Temple. Built in the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, it was presided over by Inspector General He. There are 120 paintings and stone carvings in the temple, which reflect the main activities and remarks of Confucius. This is China's earliest stone carving comic book with a complete character story. Confucius Temple East Road is a place to worship the last five generations of ancestors of Confucius, and was originally the former residence of Confucius. The poetry auditorium is a place to commemorate Confucius' godson's study of poetry ceremony. According to the Analects of Confucius. Ji >> Record: On one occasion, Confucius stood in the yard and saw his son Kong Li passing by. He asked, "Have you ever studied poetry?" Kong Li said no, and Confucius said, "If you don't learn poetry, you have nothing to say", that is, if you don't learn the Book of Songs >> You can't talk to people. So Kong Li went back to study the Book of Songs. . After a while, Confucius asked Kong Li again, "Have you learned to be polite?" Kong Li replied that not yet. Confucius said that "if you don't learn etiquette, you can't stand", that is, if you don't learn etiquette, you can't stand. Kong Li also carefully studied The Book of Rites >>. The story of Confucius teaching his son to learn poetry etiquette has always been passed down as a beautiful talk. There is a Tang Huai and two ginkgo trees in the courtyard of the poetry auditorium. Although it has gone through thousands of years, it still has dense branches and leaves, especially the female ginkgo trees in the west, which have achieved fruitful results so far. The famous dish "Poetry Ginkgo" at the Confucius Banquet came from this. The well where Confucius used to live is just behind the poetry hall. Because it was Confucius' well of food in those days, it has always been called "holy water". When Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty offered sacrifices to Confucius, he used a spoonful of water to worship the teacher and built a drinking pavilion on the west side of the well to worship the teacher. There is 1 film "hometown well praise" in it. He came to Qufu eight times, and this monument was inscribed by him five times, which shows his worship of "holy water". The independent red wall on the east side of Ruby's old house well was built to commemorate the book collection of Confucius' ninth generation Sun Kongfu. The period of Confucius coincided with the Qin Dynasty, and Qin Shihuang burned books to bury Confucianism. Confucius was the leader of Shangshu >:>, Ritual >>> Filial piety >> When Confucian classics were hidden in the wall of Confucius' old residence, he went to Songshan Mountain to live in seclusion and never came back until his death. In the third year of Emperor Jing of Han Dynasty (BC 154), when Wang was expanding the palace and demolishing Confucius' former residence, he discovered these ancient books, which were called "Confucius' ancient prose", so later generations built a land wall here to commemorate Confucius' collection. This is the place to visit the Confucius Temple. Now let's visit Confucius' house.

Kongjiadazhai

Adjacent to the Confucius Temple, the Confucius House is the residence of Confucius' eldest son and grandson. It has three roads and nine yards. * * *, 463 buildings, plus the back garden, covers an area of 240 mu. Confucius House, also known as "Duke House of Feast". "Prolonging life" means that "the Holy Way" and "the Holy Descent" can multiply and continue, and their children and grandchildren can attack each other from generation to generation. With the increase of Confucius' posthumous title, emperors of past dynasties also sealed Confucius' descendants again and again. By the end of the Northern Song Dynasty to the second year of Hehe (1055), Song Renzong awarded the 46th generation grandson of Confucius the hereditary title of "Duke of Feast", which reached its peak. This title lasted for more than 880 years from the Song Dynasty to the early years of the Republic of China. "Yan" was a privileged big noble in China feudal society. The Song Dynasty was equivalent to a five-rank official, the Yuan Dynasty was promoted to a three-rank official, and the Ming Dynasty was promoted to a civil servant. In the Qing Dynasty, he not only rode horses in the Forbidden City, but also walked on the imperial road in the palace. Of course, the rulers of past dynasties touted the feast duke mainly by using Confucius' signboard to serve the arrogant rule. In the tenth year of Hongwu (1377), Zhu Yuanzhang issued an imperial decree that the "feast duke" had the right to establish an official position, and at the same time, he specially ordered the reconstruction of the mansion east of Queli's former residence. On this basis, the Qing dynasty carried out large-scale construction. This is what people see in the feudal society of China today, which is a typical building and a back room-Confucius House. The gold plaque of "Fu Sheng" hangs high in the middle of the gate. Couplets on the columns on both sides of the gate: with the country, with the country, with the country, with the country, with the country, with the country, with the country. Couplets were written by Ji Yun, a scholar in Qing Dynasty. Careful visitors will find that the word "rich" in the first part is missing (rich), and the word "chapter" in the second part has become a broken "day" (chapter). According to legend, on the wedding day of Kong Guangsi, the forty-second generation grandson of Confucius, a fairy came to give directions, met a screen with the word "rich" written on it, erased the word "rich" and told the Confucius family that it was a bit unlucky. From then on, Confucius' books were full of words. This is called "precious without top". It is also said that when Qianlong was in office, Ji Yun wrote a couplet for Confucius, but he didn't like the word "Zhang" several times, so he gave up his pen and took a rest. In his sleep, he saw an old man scribbling on the word "Zhang" he wrote, which became a "day". He woke up and wrote a book with a pen, which was really impressive. This is called "writing to heaven". Enter the gate of Confucius House and take three roads to the back of Confucius House. On the East Road, there are Consistent Hall, A Mu Entang and Confucius Temple. West Road is the place where Confucius received distinguished guests and studied etiquette, including Red Calyx Pavilion, Zhongshutang, Anhuai Hall and Huatang. The middle road is the main building of Confucius House, the first half is an official residence, and the second half is an inner residence. Chongguang Gate entered the second gate of Confucius House, surrounded by a gatehouse without walls. The plaque on the door was issued by Zhu Houzong, the Emperor of the Ming Dynasty, so it was called the Shiguang Gate. At that time, this kind of door was only opened when the imperial ceremony was held, the imperial edict was greeted or major sacrificial activities were held. It was also called "instrument door" or "plug door". The corridors on both sides of this gate are six halls set up by Confucius' management organization after imitating the feudal Six Dynasties, namely: Guan 'gou Hall, Baihu Hall, Jingtang Hall, Siluo Hall, Yin Zhitang and Zhangshu Hall. The person in charge of each department should be Zhengqipin or Zhengliupin.

The lobby is the place where the Duke of Feast reads the imperial edict, meets officials, hears major cases and holds festivals and birthday ceremonies. It displays the crime-solving table and sacrificial ceremony used by justice. Those gold-lettered signboards with red background against the wall in the north are symbols of knight status and privilege, commonly known as "Eighteen Clouds". The duke of feasts in past dynasties held this card in Beijing and traveled unimpeded.

The second hall is the place where the Duke of Feast meets with bureaucrats above Grade 4 every year and is entrusted by the emperor to take the imperial examination. There are seven royal stone tablets in the house, including the "longevity" tablet written by Daoguang in Qing Dynasty, the word "longevity" written by the kind queen mother and a picture of a crane.

Tang San, also known as the retirement hall, is a place where the Duke of Feast meets officials of more than four levels, handles internal family disputes and punishes servants in the government. The plaque "Six Dynasties Hanyi" in the middle of the room was inscribed by Emperor Qianlong. At that time, six generations of Confucius lived under one roof, which meant that the six generations lived in harmony and happiness. The inner gate is the dividing line between the official residence and the inner house. In the past, this gate was heavily guarded, and no one was allowed to enter it without authorization, otherwise you would be killed if you paid in hell. There are dozens of people on duty in the wing rooms on both sides of the door, transmitting information to the outside at any time.

Greedy Wall There is a unicorn-like animal named "Greedy" on the inner wall of Confucius' house. Legend has it that the heavenly beast is grotesque and ferocious, greedy by nature and can devour gold and silver treasures. Although there are treasures under its feet and around it, even the treasures of the Eight Immortals belong to it, it is still not satisfied and wants to eat the sun. It's insatiable. In the past, official families often painted this picture in a place where it was easy to see, as a reminder and as a warning. Confucius painted "greed" here, and you can see it as soon as you go out. It is an important family precept to warn future generations not to be greedy and sell the law.

Qianshangfang is the living room where the master of Confucius received the closest relatives and friends, and it is also the main place for holding family banquets and weddings. The room is luxuriously furnished, full of cultural relics and antiques. The front hall consists of seven two-story attics, and it is the living room for Confucius' grandson, Duke Kong Lingyi, and his wife. In the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, he married Sun, Tao, Feng and Wang successively. Sun Shi died young and married Dao; Dow has no children and marries Feng. Feng died young, married Wang, a maid, and gave birth to two daughters and a son. Now the second daughter Kong Demao and son Kong Decheng are still alive, both in their 70s.

The Houtoulou is the residence of Kong Decheng, the seventy-seventh grandson of Confucius. Kong Decheng was born in 1920. Less than two months after his birth, he was appointed by then President Xu Shichang to attack the Duke of Feast. 1935 was awarded the title of "the official who worships the great sage" by Nanjing National Government. 1936 married Ms. Sun Qifang. After that, he spent most of his time with the National Government in Chongqing and Nanjing, and moved from Nanjing to Taiwan Province Province on the eve of the liberation of the mainland in 1949. He used to be the president of Taiwan Province Examinations Institute, and now he is the Senior Minister of the Presidential Office, one of the highest-ranking officials in Taiwan Province Province. Now the back building retains the original appearance of Kong Decheng when she got married. The east building in the backyard is where the maids used to do needlework, and the west building is where relatives and family are entertained.

Garden The back garden of Confucius House was built in the 16th year of Hongzhi in Ming Dynasty (1503). After three overhauls, it covers an area of more than 50 mu. During the Jiaqing period of the Qing Dynasty, when Kong Qingrong, the seventy-third grandson of Confucius and the duke of feast, was rebuilt, several large iron mines were placed in the garden, also known as "Tieshan Garden". There are rockeries, fountains, curved bridges, flower piers, pavilions, flower-worshipping stone altars, moon balconies, altar houses burning incense and reading. In the park, the environment is elegant and the scenery is beautiful In particular, the "five cypresses holding locust trees" with a history of more than 400 years, with five branches in one tree and a locust tree in the middle, is a great wonder in the garden. Due to the honors of past dynasties, especially the frequent awards from the imperial court, Confucius has accumulated a large number of precious cultural relics, about 30 thousand pieces, many of which are rare treasures. What we saw today is only part of it. There are tens of thousands of volumes of Confucius archives, which are rare first-hand materials for studying the history of feudal society in China. Confucius' visit ended here. Now let's visit Kong Lin.

Lin Kong

Kong Lin is a special cemetery for Confucius and his family, and it is also the longest and largest family cemetery in the world. Located on Surabaya in the north of Qufu, it covers an area of more than 3,000 mu, surrounded by walls 3 meters high and 1.5 meters thick, and Li Long 14.5. Here, we can not only inspect the funerals in the Spring and Autumn Period, but also research the tombs in the Qin and Han Dynasties, and also study the political, economic and cultural development and the evolution history of funeral customs in China. Kong Lin is also the largest man-made garden in China at present. According to legend, after the death of Confucius, "disciples planted strange trees in all directions, so there were many different trees." There are more than 654.38 million trees and hundreds of plants in the forest. Surrounded by thousands of trees, the forest stands with stone tablets and stone statues in groups. In addition to a number of famous Han steles moved into the Confucius Temple for protection, there are more than 3,600 steles of Tang, Song, Jin, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties in the forest, which is also a veritable forest of steles. In the past, the "Feng Shui" in the cemetery was regarded as the "lifeblood" by the descendants of Confucius. For example, in the 30th year of Guangxu reign in Qing Dynasty (1904), when investigating the Jin-Pu Railway, it was originally planned to pass through Qufu, which was close to the western wall of Kong Lin. At that time, the Duke of Kong Lingyi's feast was very worried about this news, and even submitted several submissions to the court, saying that the railway would "shake the sacred tomb" and "destroy the sacred vein", which would make the souls of ancestors restless. As a result, the railway took a big turn to Qufu, bypassing the southwest. Without these things, people don't have to get off at Yanzhou first, and then go to Qufu by bus and train.

The gate of Kong Lin was built in Ming Dynasty and rebuilt in Qing Dynasty. The entrance of Kong Lin Gate is a tunnel of about 1 Li Long. The tall gatehouse is called Guanlou, commonly known as Erlinmen. This gate was originally the north gate of Gulu. The part from the main entrance to the second entrance is the prominent part in front of Kong Lin, similar to the Moon City in ancient urban architecture.

The tomb of Confucius is located in the northeast corner, and the tombstone reads "the tomb of Mr. Dong Tang in Guangdong Province, that is, the tomb of Confucius". Kong Renshang (1648- 17 18), nicknamed Dong Tang, the sixty-fourth grandson of Confucius, was a famous playwright in the early Qing Dynasty. His masterpiece is Peach Blossom Fan. He was born in a scholarly family, and he lived in seclusion in Shimen Mountain in Qufu in middle age because of his repeated trials. In the 23rd year of Kangxi (1684), when Emperor Kangxi came to Qufu to pay homage to Confucius, he was recommended as a pilot by the Confucius House to give lectures to the emperor, which won great praise and was promoted to Dr. imperial academy. During his tenure in Beijing, he went to the Huaiyang area to harness rivers. By hanging historical sites, visiting hermits and collecting anecdotes about unofficial history, he had a deep feeling about the demise of Nanming. After returning to Beijing, he served as Minister of Housing and Foreign Affairs. Gong Yu devoted himself to opera creation. 1699, the legend of the famous Kunqu Opera Peach Blossom Fan >:> has been released. Princes and nobles competed to copy, and troupes competed to sing operas, which caused a sensation in Beijing for a while. The drama focuses on the love story between a celebrity and a famous prostitute, Li, which reflects the history of the demise of Nanming extensively and profoundly. The following year, Kong was dismissed from office and returned to his hometown for burial. He wrote a lot in his life, and there is another book of poetry and poetry anthology "Shimen Mountain">, Lake and Sea Collection >; & gt, bank assembly hall >> and so on.

Located in the north of Kong Lin, Jade Square is the tomb of Kong Xianpei, the duke of Confucius' seventy-second generation sun feast, and his wife Shi Yu. Yu was originally the daughter of Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty. Why did she change her surname to Yu and marry Confucius? Here's a little story. It is said that Gan Long's daughter has a mole on her face. According to physiognomy, this mole is the main disaster, and the only way to break the disaster is to marry her to a lucky person. The DPRK minister said that only the descendants of Confucius are the happiest in the world. But at that time, it was ruled by Manchu, and according to the regulations, Manchu and Han could not marry. So someone advised the emperor to recognize his daughter as the adoptive father, and Yu Minzhong, a minister of the Han nationality and a senior minister of the household, married Confucius in the name of Yoga Yu. After Yu died, Confucius built this memorial archway for him.

There is a small river at the second gate of Zhushui Bridge in Kong Lin, which runs from east to west. It is called "Zhushui River". Because it flows in front of Confucius' tomb and is related to the "holy vein", it is praised by later generations as "holy water" with infinite spiritual source and suitable for long-term coexistence with heaven and earth. Zhushui was originally an ancient river, which was also called "Zhusi" with Surabaya, and later became the birthplace of Mencius. Ancient bamboo water has long been lost. There are three bridges on the river, with flat bridges on both sides. An arch bridge in the middle is called Zhushui Bridge, which is located in front of Confucius' tomb.

To the north of Zhushui Bridge, the tunnel of Confucius' tomb faces the high platform door with blue tiles on three sides, which is called the "tomb door". Passing this door is the tunnel of Confucius' tomb. There are four pairs of giant stone carvings in the corridor. They are called Huabiao, Wenbao, Jiaoduan and Weng Zhong. Hua Biao, also known as the "watchtower", is a sign of entering the "Tianmen". Bowen's image is like a leopard, with a fire under his arm, docile and kind. Legend has it that it is around the corner, traveling 18 thousand miles a day, speaking four languages, far away at home and abroad. Wenbao and Jiaoduan are both imaginary monsters. Weng Zhong, a legendary warrior of the Qin Dynasty, was a formidable frontier fortress, which was later symmetrical. There were two statues, sculpture and martial arts, which were used to guard the tomb. The main hall at the end of the corridor is the main hall for offering sacrifices to Confucius, and an incense altar is set up. During the War of Liberation, Commander-in-Chief Zhu De held a military meeting here, which became a revolutionary historical relic.

The red wall behind the tomb of Confucius is the cemetery of Confucius and his sons and grandchildren. The tomb of Confucius, shaped like a raised horse's back, is called "Horse Seal", which is a special and noble form of tomb architecture. The inscription on the stone tablet in front of the tomb, "The Tomb of the King of Dacheng Zhisheng Wenxuan", was written by Huang in the eighth year of Ming Dynasty (1443). Confucius died in 479 BC, and King Lu called him "Father Ni". This is the most distinguished title different from the title. The title of Confucius began in the first year of AD, and Emperor Han Ping named Confucius as the Duke, calling him "Duke of Xu Anni". Since then, emperors have conferred titles on Confucius. In the twenty-seventh year of Tang Kaiyuan (739), Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty, Li Longji and posthumous title, Confucius, was called "King of Wenxuan". In the 11th year of Dade, Emperor Wudi of Yuan Dynasty (1007), it was sealed as "Wang Xuan, the sage of Dacheng Wisdom", also known as "the sage of Dacheng Wisdom" and so on. All previous dynasties have chosen the highest praise for the title of Confucius, which shows how important Confucius' thoughts and theories are to the rule of previous dynasties.

Confucius' tomb is the tomb of his son Kong Li in the east and his grandson Kong Ji in the south. The layout of this tomb is "holding children and grandchildren" to show the prosperity of people.

Kong Li, the son of Confucius in Kong Li's tomb, died before Confucius was 50 years old. But because he was the son of a "saint", he was named "Hou of Surabaya". The three rooms on the west side of Confucius Tomb in Ziguanglu Tomb are Ziguanglu Tomb. Zi Gong, whose surname is Duanmu, whose name is Ci and whose word is Zi Gong, is one of Confucius' favorite students and a good business student among Confucius' disciples. After the death of Confucius, the disciples kept the tomb for Confucius for three years and left each other. Gong, the only son, stayed here for another three years. In order to commemorate this event, later generations built three houses and erected a monument named "Zigong Lu Tomb".

Confucius, the grandson of Confucius (483-402 BC), was a famous philosopher and thinker in China during the Warring States Period. Kong Ji was still young when Confucius was alive. After the death of Confucius, Kong Ji worshipped Ceng Zi as his teacher. Zeng is a proud pupil of Confucius, who inherited the true meaning of Confucius' theory and passed it on. The author of The University is Ceng Zi> and other books. According to the Analects of Confucius, it was also edited according to Ceng Zi's textbooks and his disciples. Kong Ji devoted himself to studying Confucius' theory and wrote The Doctrine of the Mean:> A book. Students in Kong Ji passed on Confucius' thoughts and theories to Mencius, who inherited Confucius' knowledge and wrote Mencius >:> A book, The Analects of Confucius >> University >>, The Doctrine of the Mean >> Mencius >>, which was called "Four Books" in ancient times. Thus, Kong Ji is the core figure of Confucianism. When history entered the contemporary era, Confucius and the Confucianism he founded did not keep pace with the times. For a long time, especially since the reform and opening up, the study of Confucius in China has been unprecedentedly active, and there has also been a "Confucian research fever" in the world to explore and re-evaluate the contemporary social value of Confucius and Confucianism. Therefore, we believe that it will promote the further development of Qufu tourism and bring unprecedented prosperity.