What drugs are monoamine oxidase inhibitors?

To explain the term monoamine oxidase inhibitor clearly, we have to start from the beginning. Let’s first talk about what monoamines are. Monoamines are chemically called monoamines, which refer to substances containing an amino group in their structure. They are widely distributed in nature. For example, dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine are both monoamine substances. Some foods such as cheese are also rich in monoamines. Many monoamines have strong physiological activity (such as increasing blood pressure). Let’s talk about what monoamine oxidase is. Monoamine oxidase is an enzyme system that can selectively metabolize (oxidative deamination) monoamine substances. Monoamine oxidase is widely distributed in the human body. In addition to red blood cells, almost all cells have monoamine oxidase, which specifically deals with monoamines. As mentioned earlier, monoamines have strong physiological effects and are "dangerous molecules." Once they enter the human body, they are "surrounded" by monoamine oxidase in the gastrointestinal tract and liver, forcing them to be oxidized and inactivated (lost activity). Never allow them to enter the blood circulation. If there is no monoamine oxidase to inactivate these monoamine substances in time, serious consequences may occur. In this sense, monoamine oxidase has a protective effect. Finally, it’s time to talk about monoamine oxidase inhibitors. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors specifically inhibit monoamine oxidase. Once monoamine oxidase is inhibited, monoamine substances can "make trouble" again. The wonderful nature and the wonderful human body can really be said to be "one thing descends from another". Both are monoamine oxidase inhibitors, but the chemical structures of the drugs may be very different, and the diseases they treat may also be various. So, which drugs are monoamine oxidase inhibitors? This is the "key" of this article. To this end, the author consulted the information and collected the following drugs: phenelzine, isoxazolazide, isopropylhydrazine, phenylcypromine, moclobemide, bromfaromine, nialamine, and torol for the treatment of depression. Saldone, Devrosadone, selegiline for the treatment of Parkinson's disease, Youjiangning for the treatment of hypertension, antibacterial drugs furazolidone, griseofulvin, isoniazid, anti-tumor drug procarbazine, research tools The drug clorogiline and the compound drug Yikoning (mainly composed of procaine, inositol and vitamin B6). It is worth noting that some traditional Chinese medicines also have monoamine oxidase inhibitory effects, such as isatin, velvet antler, hawthorn, Polygonum multiflorum, etc. The following drugs are prohibited or should not be used in combination with monoamine oxidase inhibitors, otherwise they may cause adverse reactions, even serious and life-threatening adverse reactions, such as a sudden increase in blood pressure, which may even lead to hypertensive crisis, tachycardia, dyspnea, and ataxia. , high fever, insanity, etc. ●Antidepressants: tricyclic antidepressants such as imipramine (mipramine), clomipramine, and amitriptyline; tetracyclic antidepressants such as maprotiline, mirtazapine, and mianserin Drugs include fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, paroxetine, indapine, sertraline, citalopram, bupropion and other serotonin uptake inhibitors, amphetamine, nomifensine, etc. ● Antihypertensive drugs: clonidine, guanethidine, reserpine and compound preparations containing reserpine. ●Central nervous system depressants: chloral hydrate, haloxazolam, tipidol, benzodiazepines. ●Antitussives: dextromethorphan and its compound preparations. ●Antiasthmatic drug: ephedrine. ●Analgesics: pethidine, sumatriptan, fentanyl. ●Anti-Parkinson’s drug: levodopa. ●Anti-allergic drugs: Benthiidine. ●Nootropics: Amitrigine-Robaxin (both are welcome). ●Monoamine oxidase inhibitors: Monoamine oxidase inhibitors cannot be used together. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors have a long-lasting effect and must be discontinued for more than two weeks before starting to take the above drugs. If you have taken the above drugs first, you must stop taking them for a period of time before you can start taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors. As for how long you should stop taking them, each drug is different. For example, fluoxetine must be stopped for at least 5 weeks. Please pay attention carefully. Read the drug package insert. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors can also affect the metabolism of certain drugs by inhibiting the liver drug enzyme system, resulting in increased blood drug concentration, prolonged half-life, and enhanced pharmacological activity. For example, it has been reported that monoamine oxidase inhibitors can delay the metabolism of oral hypoglycemic drugs tolbutamide, chlorpropamide, barbiturates, phenytoin, ether, and antihistamines promethazine and diphenhydramine, making these drugs The efficacy of the medicine is enhanced.

It is particularly important to mention that while taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors, avoid foods and beverages rich in monoamines, such as cheese, yogurt, animal liver, pickled fish, sausages, bacon, broad beans, lentils, chocolate, yeast, fermented bean curd, and canned food. Figs, pineapples, beer, wine, citrus juices, etc. Otherwise, blood pressure may rise sharply due to excessive absorption of tyramine. It was reported that 13 patients taking phenylcypromine had elevated blood pressure after eating chicken liver.