What are the folk arts forms of our nation?

What exactly is "folk art"?

Quyi is a general term for rap music. Therefore, some people call "folk art" "rap and rap", which makes sense. Because "folk art" includes art forms that include speaking, singing, and both rap and rap.

Talk like cross talk, storytelling, stories, etc.

The singing includes big drum, Qinshu, single string, time tune, etc.

There are two situations in which rap and rap are combined:

One is called "rhyme and chant style". Such as Allegro, Kuaishu, etc. This type of "rhyme and chant" art form has rhythm but no musical accompaniment. For example, when performing Allegro, the rhythm is controlled by playing the board, and the rhyme is emphasized, but without accompaniment. The only exception is Tianjin Allegro, which has simple musical accompaniment and is more like rap. Therefore, artists often say "sing allegro" instead of "speaking allegro".

The other is called "half speaking and half singing". In a program, you talk and sing. There are both completely unaccompanied spoken words and lyrics with musical accompaniment. Art forms such as the big drum and single string mentioned above have both arias that are sung to the end and jokes that are half spoken and half sung.

Folk art can also be explained from different angles.

From the perspective of origin, most of the types of folk art originated among the people and have been spread among urban and rural people for a long time. Therefore, folk art is also called folk literature and mass literature.

From a historical perspective, as pointed out in "Encyclopedia of Chinese Opera and Folk Art" and "A Brief History of the Development of Chinese Folk Art": "Chinese Folk Art is a long-term development of ancient folk oral literature and singing art. A unique art form that has evolved. The artistic characteristic of folk art is to tell stories and portray characters through rap, which is a sign of its maturity and the emergence of professional or semi-professional artists based on regions, nationalities and ethnic groups. Different genres of folk art have developed into a variety of genres, which are loved by people of all ethnic groups in China."

Classification of folk arts

There are about 400 kinds of folk arts. Can so many types of music be divided into several categories? Many people have done research on this, and their opinions are not unanimous. There are basically two views:

One is to classify the categories more carefully, dividing 400 types of music into ten categories. This is:

Big drum type. It is named after using a drum board and a big drum to control the beat. The actor holds a drum bullock in his right hand and plays the drum himself, and holds a simple board or mandarin duck board in his left hand. The big drum is usually sung in local dialects, so it is often named after a province or a place. Such as Shandong Dagu, Hubei Dagu and so on. There are also a few named after the boards used, such as the iron sheet drum (also known as the Laoting drum) and so on.

Fishing drums. It was developed on the basis of "Tao Qing" since the Ming and Qing Dynasties. It is still called "Tao Qing" in some places today. The drum used is an eight-section bamboo tube with one end covered with snakeskin or sheepskin, which is called a fishing drum. At first, I just played the fishing drum and mastered the beat, and later gradually added accompaniment. For example, Henan Huizi not only uses three-stringed accompaniment, but also creates unique pendant strings, which greatly enriches the expressive power.

Weak part of speech. Guangdong and Fujian have "Muyu Shu", Jiangsu and Zhejiang have "Baojuan", Jiangsu also has "Suzhou Tanci" and "Yangzhou Tanci", and Hunan has "Changsha Tanci". Originally, most of them were played and sung by one person. Later, it gradually developed and showed two trends: one is gradually focusing on speaking, with most of the programs being medium and long-form. For example, Suzhou's "Tanci" and "Pinghua" merged to form "Suzhou Pingtan" is mainly about storytelling; the other is mainly about singing, and the programs are mostly short stories, such as "Tanci Beginning" which gradually became independent from Pingtan.

Piano and books. The main accompaniment instrument is the dulcimer, so it is called "Qinshu". There are "Shandong Qinshu" in Shandong, "Xuzhou Qinshu" in Jiangsu, "Yicheng Qinshu" and "Wuxiang Qinshu" in Shanxi. Sichuan and Yunnan are called "Sichuan Yangqin" and "Yunnan Yangqin", and Hunan's "Changde Silk String" is also called "Shandong Qinshu". Belongs to this category. The singing forms are lively and diverse. Some sing solo, some sing with a crowd; some sing standing, some sing sitting down.

Brand music genre. All types of music that directly collect folk songs or tunes directly from operas and string them together belong to this category. Such as Beijing's "Danxian", Gansu's "Fuzi Tune", Qinghai's "Pingxian", Shandong's "Liaocheng Octagonal Drum", Henan's "Guziqu", Sichuan's "voiceless", Guangdong's "Cantonese a cappella" and so on.

Miscellaneous music.

It is the same as Paizi song, which uses tunes from folk songs and operas. The difference is that they are not sung together in series, but the same tunes are used repeatedly. Such as Guangxi's "Linglianluo" and Shandong's "Siping Diao". There are also miscellaneous types of music that are sung independently by several different music brands. For example, "Shi Diao" includes "Yuanyang Diao", "Guoshan Diao", "Lahe Diao", etc. Among the seven or eight kinds of tunes, most of them are "Guoshan tune" sung in Tianjin, while "Lahe tune" is sung in Beijing.

Singing type. Singing and dancing. Such as Northeast Errenzhuan, Northwest Errentai, Yunnan flower drum lanterns, Southwest car lights, etc.

In addition to the above-mentioned seven categories, there are also three categories: Kuaishu, cross talk, and storytelling, and there are ten categories.