What are the important festivals of Yi people?

The festivals of the Yi people mainly include Torch Festival, Yi Year, Master Meeting, Secret Festival, Song and Dance Festival and so on. Torch Festival is the most common and grand traditional festival in Yi area, usually on June 2nd in the summer calendar.

On the 14th and 25th of the Torch Festival, all the Yi people, men, women and children, should put on festive costumes, beat livestock, offer spiritual cards, dance, sing, race horses and wrestle. At night, we walked around the house and fields with torches, and then got together and burned them.

Bonfires, dancing.

Torch Festival

Torch Festival-Carnival of the Yi people: "Torch Festival" is a grand festival of the Yi people, usually held from June 24th to 26th in the lunar calendar. At that time, cattle and sheep were to be killed and ancestors were to be sacrificed. In some areas, local landowners are also sacrificed and given banquets to each other.

Drink, eat, * * * I wish you a good harvest. Torch Festival usually lasts for three days. On the first day, the whole family got together, and then on the second day, we held a variety of activities such as wrestling, horse racing, bullfighting, boat racing and tug-of-war, and then held a grand bonfire party.

Party all night.

As night fell, people waved torches, swarmed around the village, crossed Shan Ye, sprinkled rosin powder on each other's torches, lit torches, and Shan Ye was as white as day. According to the custom of Yi people, pine branches are scattered on torches.

Powder, let the torch "bang" a gorgeous spark, and raise a fragrance, which is a good wish: the younger generation respects the elders and wishes a long life; The elders are caressing the younger generation and wish them good luck;

Peer interaction is intimacy and friendship; Young men and women give up on each other, which is the beginning of love.

Yi people in southern Shandong and Guishan, during the festival, people play the big three strings, jump "an Xi jumps over the moon", and hold wrestling, bullfighting and other activities at the same time; The Yi people in Chuxiong and Maitreya also held traditional "fire sacrifice" ceremonies. On the night of the festival, in the depths of the mountains where the Yi people live together, there are "sleepless fire trees and silver flowers" everywhere, and the scene is very spectacular.

Yinian

In the year of the Yi people, the Yi language is called "Kus", and "Ku" means Year, while "Si" means New Year, which means New Year. This is a traditional festival of sacrifice and celebration for Yi people in Liangshan. "Kus" is usually chosen in the lunar calendar 10, the harvest season of crops. The year of the Yi people is three days. The first night of the year is called "Jueluoji", the first day of the New Year is called "Kusi", the second day is called "Dobo" and the third day is called "Apu Machine".

Jueluoji

Family reunion, or killing pigs and chickens, to celebrate the prosperity of the population in that year and the good luck and well-being in the coming year.

Kus

It means Chinese New Year, and its main content is ancestor worship. After the cock crows in the morning, the whole village will slaughter Nian pigs, starting with the old people or elders in the same village. Use pig's bile, pancreas and urine to predict the owner's house.

Good or bad, the pig's gallbladder is full, its complexion is good, its pancreas is flat, there is no defect, and its urine bag is full, which indicates that people and animals will be prosperous, families will be healthy and grain will be harvested in the coming year. At the same time, it is divided into two meals: "giving up money" and "giving up people" "Give up wealth" mainly includes

In memory of ancestors, pig kidney, pig liver, pig tongue, pig pancreas and buckwheat were cooked together to worship ancestors. "Shemin" is a group meal for the whole family. After eating the "Social Democratic Party", men have to cut pork into pieces, and women have to make sausages for dinner.

Tomorrow, fresh meat and sausages will be roasted on the fireplace, and at the same time, the owner's annual pig fat will be displayed, which is auspicious and shows the owner's wealth.

Dobo

It means the first day of the month. In the morning, when the chicken crows, the owner will get up to make soup. He will mash the heart and lungs, boil the oil in a pot, put bean sprouts and dried (fresh) bamboo shoots into water and make soup. (early) morning

When you get up, the whole family will enjoy delicious soup. In the morning, women organize children in the whole village to sacrifice fruit trees, which is a ceremony of "social day". Every child should bring a pig's front hoof, an Italian cake (tortilla) and so on. , and choose a thriving tree.

Our fruit tree is climbed by a child, and all the children, led by a woman, pray for the tree god to bear more fruits for the children to share and bless their healthy growth, and then cut the meat brought by the children into small pieces and put it on the branches.

On or in bark. After the social day, it's New Year's greetings. The New Year greetings of Yi people are spectacular and lively. Generally, dozens of people go door to door from the whole stockade to pay New Year greetings. On New Year's greetings, the host family will bring you water and wine for everyone to drink. Meanwhile, New Year greetings to the team.

Wu will also sing New Year greetings to the host, and young people will dance, wrestle and jump in pots and pans. Everyone is happy all night, regardless of each other, regardless of relatives and friends.

Auxiliary power plant machine

It means to send the ancestors away, cook fat intestines and vegetables in the afternoon, the woman pays a New Year call, and the man receives the New Year call team at home. After the three-day Lunar New Year, Yi people will carry large pig arms (usually divided into three, five and seven) and wait for wine, sugar, thousand-layer cakes, fried noodles and eggs to pay New Year greetings to their parents-in-law. The whole Yi people 10 are immersed in the joy of the Lunar New Year.

The Year of the Yi Nationality is an important festival of the Yi nationality. Since ancient times, the Yi people have attached great importance to the New Year, which is very lively. There is no way to know when the Year of the Yi people began. Many ceremonies of Liangshan Yi people during the New Year are related to ancestor worship, and the whole festival is full of a strong sense of ancestor supremacy.

Competition festival

Dressing Festival-Yi Girl Fashion Show: There are two places in Yizhou, Chuxiong where there are dressing festivals. One is the clothing festival in Zhiju Village, Yongren County, which falls on the 15th day of the first lunar month every year. One is the Saizhuang Festival in Santai Township, Dayao County, which is held on March 28th every year.

Fashion Festival provides an opportunity for young men and women who live in scattered places and have little chance to get together and get to know each other. What girls can show themselves best is to see whose clothes are the most beautiful. Yi women's dresses rely entirely on handmade peach blossoms and embroidery, and it often takes one or two years to make a suit. Therefore, whoever has more clothes and good patterns will be regarded as hardworking, capable and ingenious.

Different from the way of competition, people no longer wear all their clothes, but constantly change new clothes. Some girls have to change five or six sets of clothes a day. As a result, another scene appeared at the competition festival: beside the mountain barrel and under the green trees, the old people set up countless tents, cooked food and faithfully guarded the clothes for the girls.

Fashion Festival has the nature of competition from the beginning, and it is the earliest fashion show. The difference is that Yi girls are not only designers and producers of clothes, but also "fashion models" in performances.

observe a holiday

Celebration Festival is a traditional festival of Yi people. Every October in the lunar calendar, the Yi people celebrate New Year's Day, offering sacrifices to each other, singing and dancing, and congratulating the festival.

Tiaohu

During the Spring Festival, the Maidichong Yi people in Shuangbai County, Yunnan Province have a special custom of "Jumping Tiger Festival". On the eighth day of the first month, adult men from the whole village gathered in the former site of the Earth Temple behind the village to kill dogs and offer a "secret sacrifice" ("secret" is the earth and "sacrifice" is the Lord.

People, fans are the meaning of the land god), and then the village "Bimo" offered the land god to invite the tiger god. Eight villagers danced as tigers. "Tiger" has towering ears, a thick tail, tiger stripes all over his body and a Chinese character painted on his forehead.

"Wang", with a big bronze bell hanging around his neck, is majestic. After Bimo said a farewell ceremony and invited the Tiger God, King Tiger led all the tigers into the village. Throughout the Tiger Jumping Festival, the whole village was immersed in the atmosphere of welcoming, sending, watching and driving tigers.

In the joyful atmosphere of driving away evil spirits, the local people are convinced that only through the annual traditional jumping tiger, offering sacrifices to the tiger god and praying for the blessing of ancestors can all the villagers prosper year after year.

Happier and happier. It reflects a kind of cosmology of Yi people, who believe that everything in the world is created by tigers, and their reverence for tigers reflects the harmonious relationship between man and nature. Generally speaking, "tiger"

Sheng is a primitive, simple and unaffected musical instrument and a treasure of culture.

October 1st.

It is a traditional year of the Yi people, which is mostly held in the first ten days of the lunar calendar. The festival lasts 5-6 days. In festivals, pigs and sheep will be killed, and rich people will kill cattle. At that time, they will dress up for dinner, visit relatives and friends and give gifts to each other.

Supplementary annual festival

Yi people living in Sichuan, Yunnan and Guizhou have an annual festival on the 10th and 11th day of the second lunar month after the New Year, which is called "Malong Fire" in Yi language. Among the sacrificial activities, the Dragon Boat Festival is the biggest. Dragon Boat Festival

In the Year of the Loong in February, March and April, each village brought a bowl of rice and a small piece of salt, and the old people prepared incense and made collective sacrifices under the dragon tree. On the other hand, the Yi people in Yunnan choose the first dragon day of the first month to hold the Dragon Boat Festival and sacrifice.

After that, everyone sat on the floor, regardless of age, bringing their own food and eating meat. This is a large-scale rally.

Maiden rite of passage

Mysterious "changing skirts" ceremony

In Liangshan area, Yi girls will hold a mysterious "dressing-up" ceremony when they grow up, which is called "Shalalo" in Yi language, meaning to take off their childhood skirts and put on adult skirts. Yi girls wore it before "Shalaluo"

It's a red and white dress with a single braid and pierced ears. After the "dressing-up" ceremony, you should put on a long skirt with a black and blue middle part, comb the original single braid into double braids, and put on an embroidered head.

Dad, hang up the earrings.

After the ceremony of "changing skirts", the girls are free to go shopping, catch the show, watch horse races, make friends and fall in love. The time for "changing skirts" depends on the development of girls, and generally ranges from 15 to 17.

Choose someone over one year old. Because in the eyes of local Yi people, "changing skirts" at the age of two will be disastrous and unlucky for life. As for the specific date of "changing skirts", it is still necessary to ask the elderly to make a good choice before they can finally set an auspicious day.

Because "changing skirts" is a symbol of a woman from childhood to adulthood, parents attach great importance to it. Especially, this mother, as her daughter's intimate person, knows her daughter's physiological condition best. Before changing her skirt, she enthusiastically prepared lace black Harper, new skirt, beads of different colors and silver medal for her daughter.