Design and construction of irrigation and water conservancy channels?

What are the specific contents of the design and construction of irrigation and water conservancy channels? The following Zhong Da consults the bidding teacher to answer your questions for your reference.

Irrigation is one of the earlier auxiliary means of production in agricultural production in China. Traditional farmland irrigation is mainly based on soil canals. The application of this irrigation method generally has the characteristics of serious waste of water flow, great loss and poor irrigation effect. The main reason is that weeds are easy to appear in soil canals, which leads to blockage or leakage of canals, reduces the utilization coefficient of water resources and increases the irrigation cost of farmers. Therefore, in the current work, in order to better save water resources and reduce the economic burden of farmers, more and more attention has been paid to the construction of farmland channels based on concrete. Compared with the traditional soil canal, this canal has the characteristics of good seepage control effect, high irrigation efficiency, large water flow and low weed growth rate, which effectively reduces the leakage and waste of water resources.

First, the problems existing in the irrigation and water conservancy channel project

(A) the project construction is difficult

On the one hand, people's labor and self-raised funds are not in place. At present, many projects require beneficiaries to raise their own labor and funds, but in fact, the self-financing rate of the people is poor, and at the same time, the work funds in project construction are insufficient, which brings great difficulties to the completion of project construction tasks and the later data collation. The second aspect is the poor engineering construction environment. Most of the channel projects in our region were built earlier, and the problem of land occupation was solved by local towns and villages. Most of the problems in land occupation, demolition and compensation existed at that time, which made it difficult to solve land occupation and three links and one leveling. Although the channel demarcated the scope of management and protection and issued land certificates to the project management units, the people cultivated land on these lands all the year round. Once the renovation project occupies these lands, they demand compensation or compensation for young crops and land occupation.

(B) The design of water conservancy channel project is too simple.

Under normal circumstances, the design of water conservancy projects is strictly in accordance with the relevant requirements of engineering construction, deeply understand its basic data, engineering quantity and engineering construction cost, and then compare and choose its design schemes, so as to choose a reasonable and feasible design scheme for processing. However, in the actual project, designers did not analyze and understand the relevant basic data in detail, and there were some limitations in the process of considering economic benefits and construction quality, which led to the simple design process in the construction of design drawings and had a serious impact on the construction of water conservancy channel projects.

(3) The construction quality of water conservancy channel project is not up to standard.

There are many quality problems in the construction of water conservancy channel engineering, which are mainly manifested in the following four aspects: first, the unscientific proportion of concrete, the low performance of materials used, the poor uniformity of mixed broken sand and gravel, and the lax vibration and tamping in the construction, which eventually lead to the cracking and seepage of water conservancy channel engineering structure; Secondly, the maintenance ability of concrete water conservancy channel project is low, which makes the channel unable to bear the pressure of water circulation, resulting in serious damage to the channel; Third, during the construction of water conservancy channel project, the silt, rotten soil and garbage at the foundation were not completely removed, the design of water conservancy channel project, foundation excavation and backfilling were improper, and the slope treatment was unreasonable; Fourthly, during the construction of water conservancy channel project, the template splicing deviation is large, and it is not strictly implemented in accordance with relevant standards. The construction party blindly pursued the construction progress, dismantled the formwork in advance, and failed to carry out certain maintenance in time after the demolition, which led to the cracking and infiltration of the water conservancy channel engineering structure.

Second, the design and construction methods of irrigation and water conservancy channels

(A) the gravel cushion construction

When building irrigation and water conservancy channels, viscous inclined walls should be filled first, and then rough slopes should be cut with excavation equipment. After completion, manual finishing shall be carried out, and the line shall be leveled and hung according to the design elevation. Check whether the slope surface is qualified after trimming, and the gravel layer construction can only be carried out after inspection and acceptance. After the sand and gravel are transported to the construction site, they should be stacked on the top of the embankment, then evenly spread on the slope from bottom to top, and then the slope should be carefully repaired by manpower. In this process, it is necessary to control the setting of broken piles at the shoulder, slope surface and toe of the slope. At the same time, it is necessary to arrange piles reasonably along the direction of the passage, and then connect the piles with ropes, in which manual labor can move reasonably. At the same time, the thickness of cutting slope should be well controlled, and the actual flatness of slope should be effectively controlled in the treatment process. After the slope is repaired, the slope can be tamped by flat vibration. In this process, the potholes should be handled in time, leveled seriously, and the lofting results should be comprehensively measured to improve the construction quality.

(2) Anti-seepage method of soil material

Soil seepage control method has the advantages of low investment, low cost and local materials, but its durability is poor. Due to the repeated action of freezing and thawing, the impervious layer is loose and denuded, and the impervious function is lost. Nevertheless, with the extensive use of large-scale rolling facilities and the continuous development of anti-seepage technology, the earth material anti-seepage method is still widely used. When using this anti-seepage method, we should pay attention to several aspects: the raw materials used in the construction of water conservancy channel projects should be screened and crushed, and the surface soil, roots and turf must be completely removed; Water content and proportion should be strictly controlled during construction; Mixed soil should be dry mixed first, and then wet mixed; When paving, three-way soil, lime soil and four-way soil should be constructed in the order of slope first and bottom later. In addition, when the thickness of impervious layer exceeds 15cm, it should be paved in layers and compacted at the same time. The compacted dry bulk density of soil shall meet the design value and shall not be lower than the design value. After the soil impervious layer is paved, it is necessary to strengthen maintenance and pay attention to sun protection, wind protection and antifreeze.

(3) Increase the raising of management and protection funds.

Although the water conservancy department is increasing the capital investment in the construction and management of farmland water conservancy channel projects every year, due to the development of channel projects now, the cost is getting higher and higher. In view of the shortage of funds, all levels and departments should increase investment in channel construction and maintenance, and also need to guide social capital investment. The financial department allocates certain special funds every year for the construction and maintenance of irrigation and water conservancy channels. Actively strive for and integrate all kinds of rural water conservancy construction funds, and vigorously implement channel maintenance and transformation. Water conservancy, land, agriculture, development and reform, comprehensive agricultural development and other departments actively strive for small-scale irrigation and water conservancy projects from their superiors. Under the premise of not violating the regulations on the use of funds, a certain proportion of the total investment is extracted as the maintenance cost after construction. A special management account for maintenance funds shall be established, which shall be uniformly managed and allocated by the higher authorities. Encourage collectives, individuals and other organizations to invest in the construction, operation and management of irrigation and water conservancy facilities. Strengthen farmers' awareness as the main body of farmland water conservancy construction management, give full play to the fund-raising role of beneficiary households, and give appropriate subsidies by municipal and town finance.

Concluding remarks

The development of agricultural economy has a great impact on China's economy, and it also has a direct impact on people's lives. Agricultural economic development can not only increase farmers' income, but also ensure food supply security. In the process of agricultural development, the design and construction of irrigation channels are very important, and agricultural production has a great demand for water resources. Therefore, irrigation and water conservancy channels have become an important factor affecting agricultural development. Therefore, necessary measures should be taken to solve the problems existing in the construction of farmland water conservancy channels, improve their anti-seepage effect, and ensure the engineering quality and service time.

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