Dog barking in ancient poetry: Wang Ya used a barking dog to compare the loneliness of the deep palace.

Ancient poets in China often reflected social life and expressed their thoughts and feelings through the sounds made by animals. In ancient poetry, there are often some poems describing Ma Si's voice, such as apes howling, dogs barking, wolves howling, birds singing, warblers singing, chickens singing, cicadas singing and frogs singing. The sounds of animals seem monotonous, but they have different meanings because of different occasions. The poet expresses rich thoughts and feelings. Take the barking of dogs in ancient poems as an example. Dogs are often written into poems because they can look after the house, relieve people's loneliness and loneliness, and often have contact with poets in one way or another. Because dogs are particularly sensitive to hearing and bark at the slightest sign, the poet pays special attention to writing about dogs barking.

Barking is mentioned in The Book of Songs Zhao Nan with Leaves and Butterflies, which describes a girl as beautiful as jade and wants to find someone. A great young man tried to kill a roe deer in the wild and pursued it as a gift. What's that girl thinking? Listen to what she said to the young man: "I am relaxed and detached, and I don't feel sorry for myself. Barking doesn't make me." These words are translated into modern Chinese as "Slow down, be gentle, don't touch my apron, don't let the dog bark". Chen Tingjing, a writer of A Qing Dynasty, pointed out that these words "have a sense of tranquility, but have no serious meaning". It seems that the girl is quite happy about this tryst, but I just hope that the young man's movements will be gentle. In particular, the last sentence said that she was worried about screaming, indicating that she hoped that this tryst could be undisturbed and unnoticed, and fully enjoy the happiness of love.

Speaking of dog barking, we will think of two poems by Tao Yuanming describing his ideal rural life in "Returning to the Garden": "In the deep lane where dogs bark, chickens crow and sang jump." The ideal country in Lao Tzu's mind is "the voices of chickens and dogs hear each other, and the people are miserable." Comparing the two, we will find that the artistic conception in Tao Yuanming's works is more poetic and interesting in life. In fact, Tao Yuanming is also very happy to associate with friends and neighbors. His two poems, "Smell the door in the morning and open it backwards", illustrate this point. Since then, when describing the life far away from the hustle and bustle of the market, poets often use the image of chickens barking and dogs barking, such as Lu You's "Living in a secluded place": "Wow, chickens crow in Screaming Trees and dogs bark at the fence. Making a living is enough, what is wealth? " Poets sometimes think that cock crowing and dog barking are one of the signs of a peaceful life. For example, write back to Although Yin: "The sound of cymbals in the forest always makes the dog crow again. Although this is an ordinary thing, when the village hears it, it is peaceful. "

Liu Changqing, a native of the Tang Dynasty, is quite good at writing dog barks. The best song is Master of Furong Mountain, Snow Meets: "Sunset Mountain is far away, and my humble abode is poor. Chai Men smells dogs barking and returns to people in the snowy night. " The first two sentences of the poem say that it is getting late, the journey is still far, and it is a mountain road. As the title says, it snows one after another at this time. The poet felt particularly cold because he was uneasy, so he had to spend the night with the owner of Furong Mountain. Although the owner of Furong Mountain was poor, he was warmly received. It is worth noting that when the poet stays in the house, his master's dog will definitely bark. However, the poet didn't write, just wrote that he heard a dog barking after sleeping. A word "smell" illustrates this point. It is conceivable that when the poet checked into the hotel, dogs barked everywhere, and the owner of Furong Mountain thought that the runaway had returned. Naturally, he was very happy. When I opened the door, I turned out to be a guest seeking accommodation, and I was inevitably a little disappointed. After entertaining guests for dinner and sleeping, he is still anxiously looking forward to his family coming home early. As time goes on, this kind of anxiety is getting stronger and stronger. Suddenly, a dog barking brought good news, and the family who left home finally came back. The poor white house was full of joy and warmth. It can be seen that the two kinds of barking have different meanings. The first time was to call the police, and the second time was to report good news. Poets don't write the first bark because it is common; The second bark was chosen because it was special and left a deep impression on the poet.

It is said that this kind of dog named Parr comforts people's loneliness, and it is also a specialty of China. Parr did appear in Tang poetry, such as the thirteenth poem in Wang Ya's Thirty Palace Bodies: "It's not surprising to walk on the ground in snow-white and get used to sleeping on the red carpet. Who came to the palace? All I know is that Ginger barks at fireflies at night. " The word "walking on the ground" vividly shows the short legs of this bulldog, and the word "snow" shows that this bulldog breed is very precious. On the surface, this poem is about dogs barking, but in fact it is about the upper-class women in the court who are surrounded in the forbidden garden of the deep palace. Although their material life is plentiful, their spiritual life is extremely empty. A bulldog can bark at fireflies without getting bored, but who can queens associate with? A sense of loneliness naturally emanates from this poem. The beauty of this poem is that it reflects the loneliness and coldness of the deep palace through a dog barking.

In sharp contrast to this poem, Fan Chengda's "Four Seasons' Pastoral Miscellaneous Interest" is the third poem: "Butterflies have been added to cauliflower for a long time. The chicken flew over the fence and the dog barked until a businessman came to buy tea. " Tian Jia in the poem seems to be surrounded by a fence, and the long summer seems quiet and boring. In fact, Tian Jia in the poem is open and full of vitality. Pairs of butterflies can fly freely, and domestic dogs can enter and leave the dog's sinuses. More importantly, guests and businessmen will come from time to time. From the scene when the tea merchants arrived, we can see that Tian's life is quiet, full and happy. "Chickens fly and dogs bark" not only reports the arrival of Hong merchants, but also shows a very lively life scene.

All the above poems about dog barking focus on lyricism, and occasionally dogs bark to make sense. For example, the poem "Sleeping Dog" by Emperor Qianlong: "A mass of jet is dancing, which seems to be more enjoyable. What do you think of masters, animals and people? " In emperor Qianlong's view, those officials were just his running dogs, used to guard the family. Judging from the soft and shiny black fur of the sleeping dog, it is well treated and pampered, but it just refuses to work and sleeps comfortably all day. It is obvious that Emperor Qianlong wrote this poem, and the intention is also obvious.

Although the barking of dogs is familiar to poets, it is often necessary to grasp its uniqueness in order to write impressive works. Some excellent poems mentioned above can be said to have done this. This is another example. Yuan Dynasty poet Yang's poem "Go Early" said: "The mountain holds bucket handle for two or three times, and the dog barks at the fence for four or five times." Write "early" in the first sentence and "ok" in the second sentence. It is normal for dogs to bark four or five times when they see strangers on the road. Interestingly, the dog in Yuan Renhe's poem "Ode to Dogs" let out a cry: "It's calm, the moon is clear, officials don't knock, keep quiet. Why do you bark at dawn? Someone came to the front well. " Why does the dog in the poem bark? Because it has been lying in the shadow of flowers, there is no abnormal action around it that needs its response. And in the morning, as long as there is any movement, it immediately responds and instinctively gives a cry. However, it immediately recognized that it was its familiar old neighbor pumping water, so it let out a cry and went back to sleep. From this barking, we can realize how meticulous and accurate the poet's observation of life is, and how quiet and serene the moonlit night and early morning in the country are.