A brief introduction to the origin of Mid-Autumn Festival

One of the legends of Mid-Autumn Festival-the Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon

According to legend, in ancient times, there were ten days in the sky at the same time, the crops died in the sun and the people were poor. A hero named Hou Yi has infinite power. He sympathized with the suffering people, climbed to the top of Kunlun Mountain, made full use of his divine power, drew his bow, shot down more than nine suns in one breath, and ordered the last one to rise and fall on time for the benefit of the people.

Hou Yi was respected and loved by the people. He married a beautiful and kind wife named Chang 'e. Besides hunting, Hou Yi spends all his time with his wife, and people envy this beautiful and loving couple.

Many people with lofty ideals came here to study as teachers, and Meng Peng with ulterior motives joined in.

One day, Hou Yi went to Kunlun Mountain to visit friends and seek truth. He happened to meet the Queen Mother passing by and asked her for a bag of elixir. It is said that taking this medicine can instantly ascend to heaven and become immortal. However, Hou Yi was reluctant to leave his wife, so he had to temporarily give the elixir to Chang 'e. Chang 'e hid the medicine in the dresser's treasure chest, but the villain Meng Peng saw it. He wants to steal the elixir to make himself immortal.

Three days later, Hou Yi led his entourage out hunting, while Meng Peng with ulterior motives pretended to be ill. Shortly after Hou Yi led the crowd to leave, Meng Peng broke into the backyard of the back room with a sword in his hand, threatening Chang 'e to hand over the elixir. Chang 'e knew that she was no match for Meng Peng. In times of crisis, she made a decisive decision, turned around and opened the treasure chest, took out the elixir and swallowed it in one gulp. Chang 'e swallowed the medicine and immediately floated off the ground, rushed out of the window and flew into the sky. Because Chang 'e was worried about her husband, she flew to the nearest moon and became a fairy.

In the evening, when Hou Yi came home, the maids cried and told what happened during the day. Hou Yi was surprised and angry, and drew his sword to kill the villain. Meng Peng escaped early. Angry and heartbroken, Hou Yi looked up at the night sky and shouted the name of his beloved wife. At this time, he was surprised to find that today's moon is exceptionally bright and bright. There is a swaying figure resembling Chang 'e. He chased the moon desperately, but he chased it three times, the moon retreated three times, he retreated three times, and the moon advanced three times. He couldn't catch up anyway.

Hou Yi had no choice but to miss his wife, so he had to send someone to Chang 'e's favorite back garden, put on a table sweetmeats, put on her favorite honey and fresh fruit, and offer a sacrifice to Chang 'e who was attached to him at the Moon Palace. After hearing the news that the Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon became an immortal, people made an incense table under the moon and prayed for good luck and peace to the kind Chang 'e.

Since then, the custom of Mid-Autumn Festival in Yue Bai has spread among the people.

Interviewee: Dandan 25257758- Level 1 20 10-9-23 16:46.

One of the legends of Mid-Autumn Festival-the Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon

According to legend, in ancient times, there were ten days in the sky at the same time, the crops died in the sun and the people were poor. A hero named Hou Yi has infinite power. He sympathized with the suffering people, climbed to the top of Kunlun Mountain, made full use of his divine power, drew his bow, shot down more than nine suns in one breath, and ordered the last one to rise and fall on time for the benefit of the people.

Hou Yi was respected and loved by the people. He married a beautiful and kind wife named Chang 'e. Besides hunting, Hou Yi spends all his time with his wife, and people envy this beautiful and loving couple.

Many people with lofty ideals came here to study as teachers, and Meng Peng with ulterior motives joined in.

One day, Hou Yi went to Kunlun Mountain to visit friends and seek truth. He happened to meet the Queen Mother passing by and asked her for a bag of elixir. It is said that taking this medicine can instantly ascend to heaven and become immortal. However, Hou Yi was reluctant to leave his wife, so he had to temporarily give the elixir to Chang 'e. Chang 'e hid the medicine in the dresser's treasure chest, but the villain Meng Peng saw it. He wants to steal the elixir to make himself immortal.

Three days later, Hou Yi led his entourage out hunting, while Meng Peng with ulterior motives pretended to be ill. Shortly after Hou Yi led the crowd to leave, Meng Peng broke into the backyard of the back room with a sword in his hand, threatening Chang 'e to hand over the elixir. Chang 'e knew that she was no match for Meng Peng. In times of crisis, she made a decisive decision, turned around and opened the treasure chest, took out the elixir and swallowed it in one gulp. Chang 'e swallowed the medicine and immediately floated off the ground, rushed out of the window and flew into the sky. Because Chang 'e was worried about her husband, she flew to the nearest moon and became a fairy.

In the evening, when Hou Yi came home, the maids cried and told what happened during the day. Hou Yi was surprised and angry, and drew his sword to kill the villain. Meng Peng escaped early. Angry and heartbroken, Hou Yi looked up at the night sky and shouted the name of his beloved wife. At this time, he was surprised to find that today's moon is exceptionally bright and bright. There is a swaying figure resembling Chang 'e. He chased the moon desperately, but he chased it three times, the moon retreated three times, he retreated three times, and the moon advanced three times. He couldn't catch up anyway.

Hou Yi had no choice but to miss his wife, so he had to send someone to Chang 'e's favorite back garden, put on a table sweetmeats, put on her favorite honey and fresh fruit, and offer a sacrifice to Chang 'e who was attached to him at the Moon Palace. After hearing the news that the Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon became an immortal, people made an incense table under the moon and prayed for good luck and peace to the kind Chang 'e.

Interviewee: a 4 10360682- Level 1 20 10-9-23 16:52.

August 15th of the lunar calendar is the traditional Mid-Autumn Festival. This is the middle of autumn, so it is called Mid-Autumn Festival. In China's lunar calendar, a year is divided into four seasons, and each season is divided into three parts: Meng, Zhong and Ji, so the Mid-Autumn Festival is also called the Mid-Autumn Festival. The moon on August 15 is rounder and brighter than the full moon in other months, so it is also called "moonlit night" and "August Festival". On this night, people look up at the bright moon like jade in the sky and naturally look forward to family reunion. Wanderers who are far away from home also take this opportunity to pin their thoughts on their relatives in their hometown. Therefore, Mid-Autumn Festival is also called "Reunion Festival".

In ancient China, there was a custom of "autumn and dusk". The moon at night is to worship the moon god. In the Zhou Dynasty, every Mid-Autumn Festival night, activities to welcome the cold and offer sacrifices to the moon were held. Put a big incense table, with offerings such as moon cakes, watermelons, apples, red dates, plums and grapes, among which moon cakes and watermelons are absolutely indispensable. Watermelon must be cut into lotus shapes. Under the moon, put the moon statue in the direction of the moon, and the red candle burns high. The whole family takes turns in Yue Bai, and then the housewife cuts the reunion moon cakes. The person who cuts the moon cakes has calculated in advance how many people in the whole family, how many people in the family and how many people in other places should be counted together. They can't cut more or less, they have to be the same size.

According to legend, the ugly women in ancient Qi had no salt. When she was young, she was very devout to Yue Bai. When she grew up, she entered the palace with superior moral character, but she was not loved. Seeing the moon on August 15th, the son of heaven saw her in the moonlight and thought she was beautiful and outstanding. Later, he made her queen, and Yue Bai came from the Mid-Autumn Festival. In the middle of the moon, Chang 'e is famous for its beauty, so Yue Bai, a young girl, wants to be "like Chang 'e and have a bright moon".

In the Tang Dynasty, it was quite popular to enjoy and play with the moon in the Mid-Autumn Festival. During the Northern Song Dynasty. On the evening of August 15, people in the whole city, rich and poor, old and young, put on adult clothes and burned incense to express their wishes to Yue Bai and pray for the blessing of the moon god. In the Southern Song Dynasty, people gave mooncakes to each other, which meant reunion. There are activities in some places, such as dancing grass dragons and building pagodas. Since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the custom of Mid-Autumn Festival has become more popular. Many places have formed special customs such as burning incense, planting Mid-Autumn trees, lighting tower lanterns, putting sky lanterns, walking on the moon and dancing dragons.

Nowadays, the custom of playing under the moon is far less popular than in the old days. However, feasting and enjoying the moon are still very popular. People drink to celebrate a better life, or wish their loved ones far away health and happiness. There are many customs and forms of spending the Mid-Autumn Festival with family members, but all of them are entrusted with people's infinite love for life and yearning for a better life.

Respondent: anjihgdf- level 1 20 10-9-24 09:37

August 15th of the lunar calendar is the traditional Mid-Autumn Festival in China. This is the middle of autumn, so it is called Mid-Autumn Festival. This is also the second largest traditional festival in China after the Spring Festival.

Mid-Autumn Festival has a long history. Like other traditional festivals, it develops slowly. The ancient emperors had a system of offering sacrifices to the sun in spring and the moon in autumn. As early as in Zhou Li, the word "Mid-Autumn Festival" was recorded. Later, aristocratic scholars followed suit. During the Mid-Autumn Festival, they watch and worship the bright and round moon in the sky to express their feelings. This custom spread to the people and formed a traditional activity. Until the Tang Dynasty, people paid more attention to this custom of offering sacrifices to the moon, and the Mid-Autumn Festival became a fixed festival. Emperor Taizong recorded the Mid-Autumn Festival on August 15, which was very popular in the Song Dynasty.

The legend of Mid-Autumn Festival is very rich, and fairy tales such as the Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon, Wu Gang cutting Guangxi and Jade Rabbit smashing medicine are widely circulated.

The origin of the Mid-Autumn festival

In China's lunar calendar, a year is divided into four seasons, and each season is divided into three parts: Meng, Zhong and Ji, so the Mid-Autumn Festival is also called the Mid-Autumn Festival. The moon on August 15 is rounder and brighter than the full moons in other months, so it is also called Mid-Autumn Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival, August Festival, Moon Chasing Festival, Moon Worship Festival, Daughter's Day or Reunion Festival, which is a popular traditional cultural festival of many ethnic groups in China. On this night, people look up at the bright moon like jade in the sky and naturally look forward to family reunion. Wanderers who are far away from home also take this opportunity to pin their thoughts on their relatives in their hometown. Therefore, Mid-Autumn Festival is also called "Reunion Festival".

It is said that the moon is closest to the earth this night, and the moon is the biggest and brightest, so there is a custom of drinking and enjoying the moon since ancient times; The daughter-in-law who goes back to her parents' house will go back and forth to express her happiness and good luck. In some places, such as Yongtaiwen and Zhoushan, the Mid-Autumn Festival is scheduled for August 16, which is related to the fact that it was changed to "Lantern Festival on January 14 and Mid-Autumn Festival on August 16" in order to prevent the attack of officers and men of the Yuan Dynasty and Zhu. Besides, in Hongkong, after the Mid-Autumn Festival, we will hold another carnival called "Chasing the Moon" in Izayoi.

The word "Mid-Autumn Festival" first appeared in the book Zhou Li, and it really became a national holiday in the Tang Dynasty. In ancient China, people had the custom of "Twilight in Autumn". The moon at night is to worship the moon god. In the Zhou Dynasty, every Mid-Autumn Festival night, activities to welcome the cold and offer sacrifices to the moon were held. Put a big incense table, with offerings such as moon cakes, watermelons, apples, red dates, plums and grapes, among which moon cakes and watermelons are absolutely indispensable. Watermelon must be cut into lotus shapes. Under the moon, put the moon statue in the direction of the moon, and the red candle burns high. The whole family takes turns in Yue Bai, and then the housewife cuts the reunion moon cakes. If people are laid off in advance, the number of people in the whole family will be counted, including those at home and those from other places. You can't lay off more or less, but the size should be the same.

As for the custom of eating moon cakes in Mid-Autumn Festival, it was formed in Ming Dynasty. Tian Rucheng, a writer in the Ming Dynasty, wrote in Notes on Traveling to the West Lake: "August 15th is the Mid-Autumn Festival, and people take moon cakes as a legacy to get together.". Shen Bang, a historian in the Ming Dynasty, wrote in Miscellanies of Ten Thousand Parts: "Breads vary in size. There is fruit in the cake with a different name. There is a cake worth hundreds of dollars. " The book also introduces the production process at that time, which has reached a high level. The moon cakes used for the moon in Beijing Palace "are more than a foot long and weigh two pounds from bottom to top." Later, with the evolution of the past dynasties, the varieties and patterns of moon cakes became more and more abundant, the production technology was updated, and the taste was more. Eating moon cakes on August 15th has become an ancient and meaningful tradition of the Chinese nation.

In the Tang Dynasty, it was quite popular to enjoy and play with the moon in the Mid-Autumn Festival. In the Northern Song Dynasty, on the evening of August 15, people all over the city, rich and poor, old and young, put on adult clothes and burned incense to express their wishes to Yue Bai and pray for the blessing of the Moon God. In the Southern Song Dynasty, people gave each other moon cakes as a symbol of reunion. In some places, there are activities such as dancing grass dragons and building stupas. Since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the custom of Mid-Autumn Festival has become more popular, and many places have formed special customs such as burning incense, planting Mid-Autumn Festival, lighting tower lanterns, putting sky lanterns, walking on the moon and dancing dragons.

Reply: My Tianxin-Level 1 2010-9-2413: 51

Asahi and late moon

Mid-Autumn Festival, also known as Mid-Autumn Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival, is the second largest folk festival after Spring Festival in China. About the origin of the Mid-Autumn Festival, traditional sayings include Chang 'e, Jade Rabbit, Yuan Dynasty Uprising and so on. In fact, the core elements of Mid-Autumn Festival are the belief in respecting the moon that has existed since ancient times and the wind of Yue Bai that has spread for thousands of years. The Mid-Autumn Festival is essentially "China's Moon Festival", which contains the philosophical thoughts of our ancestors and the endless beliefs of Chinese descendants.

Speaking of the Mid-Autumn Festival, we have to talk about the sacrificial ceremony of the Han nationality first. Before reading this article, it is recommended to read:

Pursuing the Far with Caution, Respecting People's Virtue —— The Operation Scheme of "Sacrifice Ceremony" in the Traditional Etiquette of Han Nationality

The sacrificial culture of Han nationality expresses three basic emotional orientations of "respecting heaven, respecting land and loving people", and worships three types of gods: God, Earth God and Ghost. Among the gods, there are three kinds of gods: God, Sun, Moon, Stars and Stars. The sun and the moon are one of the natural gods most worshipped by China's ancestors.

The ancient custom of sun and moon worship is very old and difficult to verify. However, Zhou Li and other documents clearly prove that the worship of the sun and the moon at that time has developed into a grand and formal sacrifice of the sun and the moon for the son of heaven. Li Zhou Dian Rui: "Ghosts worship the sun, the moon and the stars". Sacrifice: "Sacrifice the sun to the altar and the moon to the spine". "Mandarin Zhou Yu": "The ancient kings had the world, and they respected God and things, so there was a sunset red to teach the people to respect the king."

Why does the son of heaven worship the sun and the moon? Zheng Xuan said, "Show respect to those who are ashamed of the Japanese dynasty, and instruct the personnel and the monarch. The father of the king is the heavenly mother, the younger brother is the grandson, and the younger sister is the moon. Therefore, spring is often divided into morning sun and autumn is divided into late moon, and there is nothing people can do. " The emperor regards himself as the son of God, taking heaven as his father, the earth as his mother, the sun as his brother, the moon as his sister, and the son of heaven worships the sun and the moon, which is not only awe, praying for blessing, but also showing the meaning of "filial piety" to all subjects in the world, that is, worshiping heaven and earth to show filial piety.

The time for offering sacrifices to the sun and the moon has been set at the vernal equinox and the autumnal equinox since the Zhou Dynasty, which is called "dichotomy". Why do you want to make it these two days? This should start with astronomy and the twenty-four solar terms.

Every summer to the future, the sun moves southward from the Tropic of Cancer day by day until it reaches the longitude of the Yellow River 180 degrees around September 23rd (22-24) of the Gregorian calendar every year. At this time, the sun is almost directly at the equator, and further south, autumn in the northern hemisphere is over and winter is coming. This moment is called the autumnal equinox in the twenty-four solar terms. Ancestors believed that the sun belongs to the nature of yang and the moon belongs to the nature of yin. "Heaven and earth are supreme, so it is used to sacrifice two pairs of two." The sun and the moon are in the next life, the sun at the vernal equinox is eternal, and the yin at the autumnal equinox is long, so the sacrifice is divided into two points to get the meaning of yin and yang. "Zheng Xuan also said," The shoes of a gentleman are in the beginning and in the middle, so this is also divided. "Therefore, the vernal equinox and the autumnal equinox become the days of offering sacrifices to the sun and the moon respectively.

Sacrifice to the sun is called "Asahi" and sacrifice to the moon is called "Late Moon". "jathyapple Ceremony" became a unique name for the ceremony of offering sacrifices to the moon.

Although Zhou Li has established the system of "the sun and the moon are divided into two parts", and the time of offering sacrifices to the sun and the moon in past dynasties is not absolutely fixed (fluctuations mainly occur in relatively short dynasties), on the whole, the spring and autumn division is still the most basic date for emperors to offer sacrifices to the sun and the moon.

The main evolution process of the time and specifications of offering sacrifices to the moon by emperors in past dynasties is as follows:

Zhou dynasty:

The etiquette system of the Zhou Dynasty was very complete. At two o'clock, the sun and moon are sacrificed, and firewood is sacrificed to the sun, moon and stars. Building an altar is called a palace, and building a moon altar is called a night light. Sacrifice the sun outside the south gate and the moon outside the north gate. The sacrificial animals and coins used are all red, and the sacrificial music is the same as that of the five emperors, so as to present a gift to God.

The qin dynasty way:

Qin is a legalist school, and Yin and Yang schools rank second in hundred schools of thought, so they attach great importance to the sacrifice of natural gods. Qin built Sun Moon Lake in the ancient capital Yongcheng. Qin Shihuang went to sea by boat to offer sacrifices to Ba Shen, and one day this month belonged to the sixth and seventh gods. The memorial day is in Chengshan, and the memorial day is in Laishan.

Han dynasty:

The belief in Sun, Moon, Heaven and Earth in Chu culture played a certain role in the Han Dynasty. When Emperor Wu was in Taiyi altar, the emperor walked out of the bamboo temple at dawn and worshipped things at night. Later, it was simplified to salute in the courtyard of the palace. When Emperor Ping was in office, it was changed to the day of worshipping heaven and earth together. At dawn, he pays tribute to the sun in the east, and at night, he pays tribute to Yue Bai in the west.

Sui dynasty:

Sacrifice is a symbol of China culture. The Sui Dynasty helped China to be orthodox, so it rebuilt the ceremony. An altar was built outside the Chunming Gate in Guo Dong, and the vernal equinox is held every year. A "Kan" was built outside Kaiyuan Gate in the west of the country. The ridge is three feet deep and four feet wide, and an altar was built in the ridge. The altar is one foot high and four feet wide. The autumnal equinox and the moon set every year. Sacrificial currency adopts weekly system.

Tang dynasty:

In the east and west of the national city, Fang calves are sacrificed.

Song dynasty:

Inherited the system of the Tang dynasty and was promoted to a big sacrifice.

Ming dynasty:

At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, there was a Sun Moon Altar in Nanjing. After moving the capital, Asahi altar was built outside Chaoyang Gate in Beijing, and Xiyue altar was built outside Fuchengmen. The altar system distinguishes the sun from the moon. Asahi altar guard altar 100 mu, Xiyue altar guard altar 36 mu. There is no way to worship the Asahi, and the evening moon is a five-star, twenty-eight night and Sunday star altar. On the vernal equinox, the sunrise is greeted in Yin Shi (about 3: 00 to 5: 00 in the morning, called "Pingdan" in ancient times). At the autumnal equinox, Yue Bai welcomes the moon at the autumnal equinox (about 2 1 to 23: 00, which was called "human destiny" in ancient times). Asahi greets God four times, drinks blessings, receives two times, and sends God four times; Welcome God in the evening, drink blessings, serve God, and worship again. In the eastern suburbs, A, C, E, G and Ren Nian are used, while in the western suburbs, Ugly, Chen, Wei and Xu Nian are used. The emperor drives a car to pay homage. In other years, Minister Wen was sent to worship the Asahi altar, and Wu to worship the Moon altar. In case of wind and rain, the chief priest is located in front of the altar, and the emperor salutes in a small time.

Respondent: 9 12627654- level 1 20 10-9-24 19:26.

According to legend, in ancient times, there were ten days in the sky at the same time, the crops died in the sun and the people were poor. A hero named Hou Yi has infinite power. He sympathized with the suffering people, climbed to the top of Kunlun Mountain, made full use of his divine power, drew his bow, shot down more than nine suns in one breath, and ordered the last one to rise and fall on time for the benefit of the people.

Hou Yi was respected and loved by the people. He married a beautiful and kind wife named Chang 'e. Besides hunting, Hou Yi spends all his time with his wife, and people envy this beautiful and loving couple.

Many people with lofty ideals came here to study as teachers, and Meng Peng with ulterior motives joined in.

One day, Hou Yi went to Kunlun Mountain to visit friends and seek truth. He happened to meet the Queen Mother passing by and asked her for a bag of elixir. It is said that taking this medicine can instantly ascend to heaven and become immortal. However, Hou Yi was reluctant to leave his wife, so he had to temporarily give the elixir to Chang 'e. Chang 'e hid the medicine in the dresser's treasure chest, but the villain Meng Peng saw it. He wants to steal the elixir to make himself immortal.

Three days later, Hou Yi led his entourage out hunting, while Meng Peng with ulterior motives pretended to be ill. Shortly after Hou Yi led the crowd to leave, Meng Peng broke into the backyard of the back room with a sword in his hand, threatening Chang 'e to hand over the elixir. Chang 'e knew that she was no match for Meng Peng. In times of crisis, she made a decisive decision, turned around and opened the treasure chest, took out the elixir and swallowed it in one gulp. Chang 'e swallowed the medicine and immediately floated off the ground, rushed out of the window and flew into the sky. Because Chang 'e was worried about her husband, she flew to the nearest moon and became a fairy.

In the evening, when Hou Yi came home, the maids cried and told what happened during the day. Hou Yi was surprised and angry, and drew his sword to kill the villain. Meng Peng escaped early. Angry and heartbroken, Hou Yi looked up at the night sky and shouted the name of his beloved wife. At this time, he was surprised to find that today's moon is exceptionally bright and bright. There is a swaying figure resembling Chang 'e. He chased the moon desperately, but he chased it three times, the moon retreated three times, he retreated three times, and the moon advanced three times. He couldn't catch up anyway.

Hou Yi had no choice but to miss his wife, so he had to send someone to Chang 'e's favorite back garden, put on a table sweetmeats, put on her favorite honey and fresh fruit, and offer a sacrifice to Chang 'e who was attached to him at the Moon Palace. After hearing the news that the Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon became an immortal, people made an incense table under the moon and prayed for good luck and peace to the kind Chang 'e.

Since then, the custom of Mid-Autumn Festival in Yue Bai has spread among the people.

Respondents:114.118.78. * 20 10-9-24 2 1: 16.

Asahi and late moon

Mid-Autumn Festival, also known as Mid-Autumn Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival, is the second largest folk festival after Spring Festival in China. About the origin of the Mid-Autumn Festival, traditional sayings include Chang 'e, Jade Rabbit, Yuan Dynasty Uprising and so on. In fact, the core elements of Mid-Autumn Festival are the belief in respecting the moon that has existed since ancient times and the wind of Yue Bai that has spread for thousands of years. The Mid-Autumn Festival is essentially "China's Moon Festival", which contains the philosophical thoughts of our ancestors and the endless beliefs of Chinese descendants.

Speaking of the Mid-Autumn Festival, we have to talk about the sacrificial ceremony of the Han nationality first. Before reading this article, it is recommended to read:

Pursuing the Far with Caution, Respecting People's Virtue —— The Operation Scheme of "Sacrifice Ceremony" in the Traditional Etiquette of Han Nationality

The sacrificial culture of Han nationality expresses three basic emotional orientations of "respecting heaven, respecting land and loving people", and worships three types of gods: God, Earth God and Ghost. Among the gods, there are three kinds of gods: God, Sun, Moon, Stars and Stars. The sun and the moon are one of the natural gods most worshipped by China's ancestors.

The ancient custom of sun and moon worship is very old and difficult to verify. However, Zhou Li and other documents clearly prove that the worship of the sun and the moon at that time has developed into a grand and formal sacrifice of the sun and the moon for the son of heaven. Li Zhou Dian Rui: "Ghosts worship the sun, the moon and the stars". Sacrifice: "Sacrifice the sun to the altar and the moon to the spine". "Mandarin Zhou Yu": "The ancient kings had the world, and they respected God and things, so there was a sunset red to teach the people to respect the king."

Why does the son of heaven worship the sun and the moon? Zheng Xuan said, "Show respect to those who are ashamed of the Japanese dynasty, and instruct the personnel and the monarch. The father of the king is the heavenly mother, the younger brother is the grandson, and the younger sister is the moon. Therefore, spring is often divided into morning sun and autumn is divided into late moon, and there is nothing people can do. " The emperor regards himself as the son of God, taking heaven as his father, the earth as his mother, the sun as his brother, the moon as his sister, and the son of heaven worships the sun and the moon, which is not only awe, praying for blessing, but also showing the meaning of "filial piety" to all subjects in the world, that is, worshiping heaven and earth to show filial piety.

The time for offering sacrifices to the sun and the moon has been set at the vernal equinox and the autumnal equinox since the Zhou Dynasty, which is called "dichotomy". Why do you want to make it these two days? This should start with astronomy and the twenty-four solar terms.

Every summer to the future, the sun moves southward from the Tropic of Cancer day by day until it reaches the longitude of the Yellow River 180 degrees around September 23rd (22-24) of the Gregorian calendar every year. At this time, the sun is almost directly at the equator, and further south, autumn in the northern hemisphere is over and winter is coming. This moment is called the autumnal equinox in the twenty-four solar terms. Ancestors believed that the sun belongs to the nature of yang and the moon belongs to the nature of yin. "Heaven and earth are supreme, so it is used to sacrifice two pairs of two." The sun and the moon are in the next life, the sun at the vernal equinox is eternal, and the yin at the autumnal equinox is long, so the sacrifice is divided into two points to get the meaning of yin and yang. "Zheng Xuan also said," The shoes of a gentleman are in the beginning and in the middle, so this is also divided. "Therefore, the vernal equinox and the autumnal equinox become the days of offering sacrifices to the sun and the moon respectively.

Sacrifice to the sun is called "Asahi" and sacrifice to the moon is called "Late Moon". "jathyapple Ceremony" became a unique name for the ceremony of offering sacrifices to the moon.

Although Zhou Li has established the system of "the sun and the moon are divided into two parts", and the time of offering sacrifices to the sun and the moon in past dynasties is not absolutely fixed (fluctuations mainly occur in relatively short dynasties), on the whole, the spring and autumn division is still the most basic date for emperors to offer sacrifices to the sun and the moon.

The main evolution process of the time and specifications of offering sacrifices to the moon by emperors in past dynasties is as follows:

Zhou dynasty:

The etiquette system of the Zhou Dynasty was very complete. At two o'clock, the sun and moon are sacrificed, and firewood is sacrificed to the sun, moon and stars. Building an altar is called a palace, and building a moon altar is called a night light. Sacrifice the sun outside the south gate and the moon outside the north gate. The sacrificial animals and coins used are all red, and the sacrificial music is the same as that of the five emperors, so as to present a gift to God.

The qin dynasty way:

Qin is a legalist school, and Yin and Yang schools rank second in hundred schools of thought, so they attach great importance to the sacrifice of natural gods. Qin built Sun Moon Lake in the ancient capital Yongcheng. Qin Shihuang went to sea by boat to offer sacrifices to Ba Shen, and one day this month belonged to the sixth and seventh gods. The memorial day is in Chengshan, and the memorial day is in Laishan.

Han dynasty:

The belief in Sun, Moon, Heaven and Earth in Chu culture played a certain role in the Han Dynasty. When Emperor Wu was in Taiyi altar, the emperor walked out of the bamboo temple at dawn and worshipped things at night. Later, it was simplified to salute in the courtyard of the palace. When Emperor Ping was in office, it was changed to the day of worshipping heaven and earth together. At dawn, he pays tribute to the sun in the east, and at night, he pays tribute to Yue Bai in the west.

Sui dynasty:

Sacrifice is a symbol of China culture. The Sui Dynasty helped China to be orthodox, so it rebuilt the ceremony. An altar was built outside the Chunming Gate in Guo Dong, and the vernal equinox is held every year. A "Kan" was built outside Kaiyuan Gate in the west of the country. The ridge is three feet deep and four feet wide, and an altar was built in the ridge. The altar is one foot high and four feet wide. The autumnal equinox and the moon set every year. Sacrificial currency adopts weekly system.

Tang dynasty:

In the east and west of the national city, Fang calves are sacrificed.

Song dynasty:

Inherited the system of the Tang dynasty and was promoted to a big sacrifice.

Ming dynasty:

At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, there was a Sun Moon Altar in Nanjing. After moving the capital, Asahi altar was built outside Chaoyang Gate in Beijing, and Xiyue altar was built outside Fuchengmen. The altar system distinguishes the sun from the moon. Asahi altar guard altar 100 mu, Xiyue altar guard altar 36 mu. There is no way to worship the Asahi, and the evening moon is a five-star, twenty-eight night and Sunday star altar. On the vernal equinox, the sunrise is greeted in Yin Shi (about 3: 00 to 5: 00 in the morning, called "Pingdan" in ancient times). At the autumnal equinox, Yue Bai welcomes the moon at the autumnal equinox (about 2 1 to 23: 00, which was called "human destiny" in ancient times). Asahi greets God four times, drinks blessings, receives two times, and sends God four times; Welcome God in the evening, drink blessings, serve God, and worship again. In the eastern suburbs, A, C, E, G and Ren Nian are used, while in the western suburbs, Ugly, Chen, Wei and Xu Nian are used. The emperor drives a car to pay homage. In other years, Minister Wen was sent to worship the Asahi altar, and Wu to worship the Moon altar. In case of wind and rain, the chief priest is located in front of the altar, and the emperor salutes in a small time.

Respondent: Zheng Yi grade 2010-10-316:14.

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