A real saint is very ordinary, and he would not admit that he is a saint.

From here we can understand human nature. People see themselves as very cute, and the more they think about it, the greater they become. Occasionally, they blush when they do something wrong. After three hours, they think about it and realize that they are still right; it was others who were wrong. Zhuangzi talked about the human aspect from the principles of the biological world, "This is how he thinks of himself." Just like the little bird, he thinks of himself very highly.

——Nan Huaijin's "Zhuangzi Zanghua"

1

The old husband knows the effect of an official, the behavior is compared to the same township, the virtue is the same as the king, and he conquers the same This is how the country views itself. But Song Rongzi still laughed at it. And praise it to the whole world without persuading it, and praise it from the whole world without discouraging it. It is determined by the distinction between internal and external, and it is based on the distinction between honor and disgrace. This is enough! He has never been counted in this world. Although, there are still no trees. 1. Humanization

The chapter "Xiaoyaoyou" in "Zhuangzi" starts with the changes of things, and now we are in the second paragraph, which talks about the changes of people, that is, from materialization to humanization. In other words, what is mentioned above is the change of all things in the physical world, and what is mentioned below is the change of the heart in the spiritual world.

Speaking of changes in the heart, in the field of human knowledge, there are differences in realm, wisdom, and degree of comparison. We, the generation of young students, must be able to take on the task of carrying forward the past and carrying forward the future, so we must pay special attention to words. At the beginning of this year, students were particularly asked to pay attention to the study of Chinese characters. Our level is so poor that we can no longer carry out a literary revolution because we have no chance of winning and there is no need for revolution. So now we need to replant the lifeblood of culture.

2. "Like that little bird, they all think very highly of themselves."

Everyone's realm and knowledge level are different in comparison and different in opinions, but you can only look at yourself. But they were all like that little bird, thinking it was great, and jumped onto the tree with a bang. What's so great about that! Everyone thinks so. We often say that someone has a high opinion of himself, and he thinks that he is very high. That is what you think of yourself! The more you see yourself, the greater you become. Let’s take a look in the mirror. Everyone looks more beautiful and presentable to themselves. When others look at themselves, they are not as good as me. However, they look really cute to themselves. No one hates himself. Therefore, we can understand human nature from this. People think that they are very cute, and the more they think about it, the greater they become. Occasionally, they blush when they do something wrong. After three hours, they think about it and realize that they are still right; it was others who were wrong. Zhuangzi talked about the human aspect from the principles of the biological world, "This is how he thinks of himself." Just like the little bird, he thinks of himself very highly.

3. "Birds and beasts should not flock together."

"But Song Rongzi still laughed at it." Zhuangzi knew that there was another master named Song Rongzi. The ancients called a person an expert with a personality. He is a person who has exceeded the scope of personality. He is not considered a human being because he has no fixed personality, that is, there is no scope to limit him. He should be regarded as a superman, a so-called transcendent person. "You still laugh at it", Song Rongzi laughed at these four kinds of people and looked down upon them. This principle is the special hermit thought advocated by Zhuangzi below, which is the Taoist thought that has influenced our history. During the most difficult times for the country and the nation, this type of people played a huge role behind the scenes. They were the so-called hermits and high scholars. Even Confucius was afraid of these hermits.

Confucius mentioned in "The Analects" that when he met these hermits, such as Chu Kuangjie Yu, he scolded everyone, which made Confucius even more confused. In the end, Confucius could only praise him. . Confucius said, "Birds and beasts should not flock together." According to the Confucian concept, Confucius called these hermits beasts and did not want to be with them. This concept is tantamount to reading the book completely wrong. In fact, Confucius also admired these hermits. What does it mean that birds and beasts should not be in the same group? The bird can fly, and it flew away; the beast can run, and it can run very fast on four legs, and it ran into the mountain. We humans can’t keep up with them! Confucius followed the path of humanity. It’s time for these masters to fly, and it’s time for them to climb into the mountains. What about us? It is better to behave as a human being, so birds and beasts cannot be in the same group. This is what Confucius said in praise of hermits, but the past dynasties have interpreted it as Confucius scolding hermits, thinking that Confucius regarded hermits as animals. Confucius only said that birds and beasts should not flock together. He did not say that these people are beasts! This is what later generations added indiscriminately! This is called dishonesty in studying; one must be honest in learning.

4. "Praise the whole world without persuading, and disapprove by the whole world without discouraging"

Zhuangzi also proposed another kind of personality, this kind of personality is very Difficult, it is difficult to find it in the history of ancient and modern times, both at home and abroad.

This kind of person is really powerful. He is "renowned throughout the world without any persuasion." People all over the world praise him for his greatness and shout long live. People all over the world kneel down to praise him and think he is great, but he ignores him. Because he doesn't want to be great, listening to compliments is like listening to the sound of the air conditioner, which has nothing to do with it. "Everyone in the world does not do it without getting frustrated." Even if people all over the world oppose him and scold him, he will never change his direction. This is too difficult.

Have you heard of the "Book of Changes"! In the hexagram line "Don't use Qianlong", Confucius mentioned that Qianlong has an independent and detached personality and is not affected by the environment of any era. This is why Qianlong should not be used. It can be seen that Confucianism and Taoism have the same principles and the same standards of personality cultivation; Zhuangzi, in particular, used his beautiful writing style to write the article more beautifully. Lao and Zhuang's articles were elegant, elegant and mighty, but Confucius only said one sentence: "Birds and beasts should not flock together"; this is Qi Lu's article, upright and simple.

5. "Determining the difference between inside and outside, and debating the difference between honor and disgrace"

Like "praise the whole world without persuading, and praise the whole world without discouragement" This type of people! His wisdom and knowledge have determined his outlook on life. "Determining the difference between inside and outside" is not a separate part, but a proportional part. What is me, what is he, what is an object, what is the heart, what is everything in the external world, and what is what I should do. He clearly sees wisdom, truth, and the principles of life.

"Debating the matter of honor and disgrace", he also saw clearly the two phenomena in the world, one is glory and the other is misfortune; misfortune is insult, and he has a clear understanding of what is real Glory, what is real shame, we can see clearly and will never be affected by the real society. Of course, it is glorious to have more money, but if you are unlucky, others will look down upon you, and he will not care about it at all. Because this is a phenomenon, this phenomenon has nothing to do with his own independent personality, so he can distinguish it very clearly. Zhuangzi said at this point, "That's it." He said these people are amazing! How amazing it is to be like this as a human being! Zhuangzi also admired the saints, wise men, and gentlemen that our Confucianism advocates. If a person has achieved this, he has done it to the extreme.

6. "It is true that there are countless others in the world"

"It is true that there are countless others in the world". This sentence is wonderful. Zhuangzi's sentence can be There are two explanations. The first explanation is: this type of people appears every few hundred years, and it is very difficult to see them. "It is not possible to count them" and they cannot be seen at any time. Masters and hermits in history do not appear all the time. They are rare. It can be explained in this way. What is the original meaning of this sentence? We have no choice but to ask Zhuangzi. However, the second explanation is that "there are not many of them in the world." Even so, they still disagree on some aspects of this world. Counts don’t often think that, in other words, they don’t agree with everything about the world and many situations in the real world.

Therefore, the hermit mentality is the reserved vote and the right to disagree in Western cultural and political thought. This was not a negative vote. He did not object, but he did not agree either. This is the second interpretation of this sentence. It can also be said that he is different from the real world in many ways.

Two

Fuliezi walked against the wind, calm and good, and then turned around after five days. There are countless blessings to be gained from them. Although this is unnecessary, there is still something to be expected.

If you take advantage of the righteousness of heaven and earth and control the debate between the six qi, you will be able to swim infinitely, and you will be treated badly!

Therefore, it is said: A perfect person has no self, a god has no merit, and a saint has no name.

1. "It's not that big of a deal."

"Although it's not necessary to do it, there is still something to be desired." The so-called being able to fly is just about not walking! But something else is needed. You can't fly without wind, you can't fly without air, just like birds and gliders, there will be problems without wind. Therefore, he said Liezi! Although you don't have to walk, you still have to fly, and you need something to help you, the wind to help you, and the air to help you. This is the Hinayana realm that Taoism and Buddhism talk about. Although it seems that you have attained the Tao and have developed supernatural powers and can fly, it is still the Hinayana realm, not Mahayana, and there is nothing remarkable about it. Zhuangzi saw the Hinayana realm and immediately pulled you down. He said what's so great about you! This is still conditional.

Some people say that you can only achieve such a state by being able to meditate without being empty. What if you can’t be empty? I was just sitting there with my heart agitated.

Generally speaking, when you meditate cross-legged, you have five hearts facing the sky, two on the soles of your hands, two on the soles of your feet, and one heart all facing the sky. In fact, when you can't be empty, your mind is irritable. So, this is nothing, and this sixth type of person is not that big of a deal either. Now comes the seventh type of person.

2. "I am the only one in heaven and on earth"

"He is so evil!" When life has reached this point, this life has risen to such a state on its own, it is absolute. Detached and independent. "What a shame! Wait!" There was no reciprocity. This is equivalent to the two sentences that the Buddhist leader Sakyamuni said when he was born: "I am the only one in heaven and on earth." This is absolute. Shakyamuni is not talking about this ordinary "I"! He is talking about the transcendent and independent self in our lives, the self that transcends the material world.

Where is Zhuangzi? Another way to say it is, "What a shame!" It should never be relative. We live in this world, this material world and the universe. Everything is relative. Only when people transcend this universe can they reach the true absolute. So how to do it? The following article by Zhuangzi will focus on the topic. At this point in the article, we can give it a name first, which is the Mahayana realm mentioned by Zhuangzi.

What is the meaning of the Mahayana realm? Really vulgar. In terms of Buddhist terms, "true" refers to transcendence, "secular" refers to the world, and true and secular are the so-called true truth and conventional truth. Non-duality is the method of non-duality. Non-duality means that there is no difference. It is not one, because there is two when there is one. How can it be done?

3. "There is no one who has no self"

These three sentences are the key points! That is the true inaction that Lao Tzu talks about. However, while Laozi talked about principles, Zhuangzi established the non-difference of truth and secularity; that is, an ordinary mortal sublimated and became an extraordinary person.

Zhuangzi proposed several nouns here. The first noun is "the perfect person". When the perfect person arrives, a person has reached it; in other words, he has reached the standard of being called a person. If we do not reach this state, we are not considered human beings, at least not perfect people. Only when a person can control his own life can he be called a perfect person and be a perfect person. "The perfect person has no self." When you reach the perfect state, you have no self. Without myself, this is difficult. It is not easy to reach the point of no self in life. As we sit here, who can be selfless? There is only selflessness when sleeping, but that is dizziness, not selflessness. There are also those friends who went in next to the Guandi Temple on Minquan East Road. They were selfless, but they died. You have to live without yourself. This selflessness is not a theory, but a practice. What time? Being able to "take advantage of the righteousness of heaven and earth, and resist the debate of the six qi, and those who want to swim infinitely, they will be treated badly", only in this way can we achieve "the best of all, no self".

4. "Gods and humans have no merit"

There are still differences in degrees among human beings, which is equivalent to the Taoism of later generations saying that there are five kinds of immortals: ghost immortals, human immortals, earth immortals, heavenly immortals, and Daluo golden immortals. This concept was also born out of Lao and Zhuang. The Supreme Man is the highest, and the other kind of man is in the middle, the superman and the divine man. Mozi also mentioned the name God-man. What does "God and man have no merit" mean? Fortunately, later generations of Indian Buddhism came over, so we can have a reference.

According to Buddhism, a person who has cultivated to the level of Bodhisattva above the eighth level is called the ground of futility. Everything is useless. That is what Laozi calls "inaction". In other words, this kind of divine man, whether God or Bodhisattva, saves the world and saves the human beings in the world. Human beings cannot see his merits, and he does not need human beings to kneel down to pray, worship, and thank him! That is because you are thanking yourself and has nothing to do with him. When one truly reaches the realm of gods and bodhisattvas, he has no merit, and the merit of no merit is great merit. He is like heaven and earth, like the sun, always giving you light. He does not need you to thank him, so "God and man have no merit."

5. "The saint has no name"

For this kind of person, you can also reluctantly give him a name and call him a saint. "The saint has no name." Calling him a saint is a false name or a code name. He calls this a saint and that a saint. Like me, I am also a saint! What a saint! Calculate the remaining balance. Leftover people are superfluous people who make no contribution to society while alive and have no loss after death. They have the same pronunciation but different words. A true saint has no name, he does not need a name. Therefore, there are many saints, Bodhisattvas, and gods in the world! I often find that there are many people in society, very ordinary people, who have done good things and great things, but no one knows about them. So I often see saints, those are the real saints.

Zhuangzi proposed the true example of the seventh kind of superman, which is higher than those gods.

But where? He tells you that among the most ordinary people, the more such a person is, the more ordinary they are. So where can you find gods, gods, and great people? Just look for it in this real world, the most ordinary world. Because "the saint has no name"! He is a Bodhisattva and a divine man, and he will never put up a sign. If he puts up a sign, it is the business of the advertising company and has nothing to do with him.

6. "A real saint is very ordinary, and he will not admit that he is a saint."

In the article "Xiaoyaoyou", I talked about materialization, humanization, and gasification before. Now we are talking about the fourth key point, which is deification. Regarding deification, he put forward three principles, that is, "the perfect person has no self, the god has no merit, and the saint has no name." In the concept of the nameless saint, we see the convergence of the academic thoughts of Laozi and Zhuangzi. From this, we understand the true meaning of Laozi's sentence "Unless the saint dies, the thieves will continue." Generally, careless people read this sentence casually and think that I am criticizing a saint. Yes, I am criticizing saints, and false saints who generally claim to be saints. A true saint is very ordinary, and he will not admit that he is a saint; if he thinks that he is righteous and is a saint, he is no longer a saint. So I scold those false saints, those saints who only have slogans and slogans. Those saints are hypothetical and useless.

Now Zhuangzi's sentence "The saint has no name" is an explanation of Laozi's thought. The saint has no name, let alone whether he is a saint or not. In other words, the greatest people are among the most ordinary. To be truly ordinary is to be selfless, selfless, and meritless. Even if you have achieved great success in the world, you still feel very ordinary; even if your morality reaches the realm of a saint, you still feel very ordinary.