Appreciation of Poetry: Wild Chrysanthemum by Li Shangyin

chrysanthemum

Tang Dynasty: Li Shangyin

Bitter bamboo garden south pepper dock, slightly fragrant Ran Ran tears trickled dow

Appreciation of Poetry: Wild Chrysanthemum by Li Shangyin

chrysanthemum

Tang Dynasty: Li Shangyin

Bitter bamboo garden south pepper dock, slightly fragrant Ran Ran tears trickled down.

I share things with the cold geese, and my heart is patient.

The narrow road comes alone today, and the Qing dynasty is accompanied by other years.

Ziyun Xinyuan moved flowers and planted them beside the frost-free royal banquet.

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Stroll south from a bitter bamboo garden and come to the undulating pepper pier. The fragrance of wild chrysanthemum is scattered all over the floor, and the autumn dew on the flowers is like tears.

The sympathetic wild chrysanthemum is lonely and unaccompanied, flying like a lonely goose in the cold wind. I can't say anything when I am full of love for flowers. How can I have the heart to entrust a cicada at dusk?

There is a winding path in the sunset, and I have walked alone countless times. A wine glass is closely accompanied with me, and I will extrapolate the past in a drunken mood.

Ziyun came from the east, drifting with the wind, and the imperial garden was full of good luck. However, the wild chrysanthemums were treated lightly, and no one was excluded from the royal feast.

To annotate ...

Bitter bamboo: refers to the wild chrysanthemum that takes root on hard land. Bamboo is bitter bamboo and pepper is spicy, which is a metaphor for sadness and hatred.

Pepper: shrub name. Wharf: a place with high surroundings and low middle.

Tears dripping down: describe the dew and water drops on the flowers.

Festivals: Seasonal scenes.

Heart: the heart that loves flowers. Same as: same.

Qing Zun: refers to the care of that year. Province: review.

Save for another year: recall the past.

Ziyun: It refers to Zhongshu Province. In the first year of Kaiyuan, Zhongshu Province was changed to Wei Zi Province, and Wei Zi was appointed as the envoy. This refers to Ling Huxuan's transfer to an official position and Ren Zhongshu's Scheeren.

Don't accept: express disgust at Ling Huxuan's lack of support. Frost planting: refers to the autumn chrysanthemum in Ao Shuang.

Royal banquet: A banquet in a palace.

Creation background

This poem was written in the autumn of the third year of Dazhong (AD 849). At this time, Li Shangyin left Jingzhao to join the army and was mentally in a very depressed stage. He is not enterprising in his official career. This poem was written under such circumstances.

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At the beginning, it is pointed out that the growth environment of wild chrysanthemum is depressed, and the "bitter bamboo" and "pepper dock" are "slightly fragrant" but it is difficult to suppress lonely tears. Born in the cold autumn, it is regarded as the tragic fate of chrysanthemum. The lyrical hero image has been involved since the beginning of the Necklace. The Lonely Sheep Intestine points out that he is suffering the same fate as the wild chrysanthemum, and the last sentence "Planting near the royal banquet without frost" shows the feeling of resentment and depression. The whole poem is touching the scene, praising things and conveying meaning, which can well reflect the poet's ideological situation at that time.

The beginning of the poem: "The south of the bitter bamboo garden is near the pepper dock", which points out the environment where the wild chrysanthemum is located: to the north of it is the bitter bamboo garden, and there is a pepper dock next to it. The taste of bamboo is bitter, the taste of pepper is spicy, and the bitter and spicy taste wraps chrysanthemum. Torgan is in such a difficult situation. How difficult its situation is! Therefore, the poem naturally leads to the second sentence: "Ran Ran burst into tears." Due to the harsh environment. The wild chrysanthemum, which was originally full of flowers, can only emit a faint fragrance, so it is inevitable to cry. It's been falling. At the same time, the hardship of wild chrysanthemum is not just a bad situation. It was born at an untimely time: it was born in the cold autumn when it was raining, and the buds were destroyed by wind and frost when they opened. It was really unfortunate.

However, chrysanthemum is a strong flower after all, and it will never be lonely. Therefore, the poem gives birth to the following two sentences: "share the sorrow with the cold geese and share the burden with the heart cicada." In the poet's view, chrysanthemum, as one of the hundred flowers, should be warm and have its "spring breeze", but in the cold autumn, it is "cold and fragrant" (Huang Chao's "Chrysanthemum"), suffering from wind and frost, like a cold goose. This is sad enough, but how can we hide our fragrance and be as lonely as cicadas in late autumn?

The above four sentences are all about wild chrysanthemums, but in fact, they are all about themselves: wild chrysanthemums are rooted in hard land, and the west wind is spreading to the east, which is a vivid portrayal of the poet's fate. Li Shangyin was born in the late Tang Dynasty, which can be described as untimely. After becoming an official, he has been in the middle of the struggle between Niu and Li, and then he was implicated, excluded and hit, and he was frustrated. However, I don't want to be poor to the end, and my heart is full of pain and boredom. The two poems "I'm sorry for keeping things" and "I'm humiliated" have the meaning of Qu Yuan's "I'm afraid my name won't be established when old Ran Ran comes" (Li Sao). When I sigh, I don't want to do something, but the reality doesn't allow it, so I really have no choice.

Five or six sentences changed their brushwork, from hidden to obvious, and recalled their past experiences with Linghu Chu. "The thin road came alone tonight, and the clear bottle saved him for a year." Path to a person, looking back on the past, the early Double Ninth Festival and Hu Ling had a drink. I think Hu Ling is in Japan. Reward yourself positively. Vigorously advocate, "whenever the water threshold is in the flower dynasty and the chrysanthemum pavilion is snowy, why should the emblem be placed next to it?" The cup is full of happiness. Be prepared for a rainy day if you are wronged "("xianggong "in Hu Ling). How comfortable I was then! Linghu Chu's kindness impressed the poet deeply. In the second year of the Double Ninth Festival, I specially wrote a poem "Nine Days" to express my nostalgia: "Shan Weng once put wine in his mouth, and frosted chrysanthemums circled the steps". I haven't heard from you after ten years of spring, and I thought about it before the ninth National Congress. "

Seven or eight sentences are an explanation for the poet's thinking of Linghu Chu at this time: "Ziyun Xinyuan moved flowers and planted them next to the royal banquet without frost." Ziyun is a purple flower, which refers to the province where books are written in China. In the first year of Tang Kaiyuan, Zhongshu Province was changed to Wei Zi Province. Although there was a revival in the fifth year of Kaiyuan, people often replaced Zhongshu Province with "Wei Zi". "Ziyun Xinyuan Flower Transfer Office" refers to Ling's official calligrapher. Ling Huxuan is the son of Ling Huchu and an old friend of Li Shangyin. The Biography of Linghu Chu in the New Tang Dynasty records that when Linghu Chu was in charge of Henan, he praised Li Shangyin's works and "made all the scholars travel". Supposedly, he should learn something from Li Shangyin, right? However, after Li Shangyin married Wang Maoyuan's daughter, Ling Huxuan thought he was "ungrateful" and ignored him at all. The poet confessed repeatedly, but he didn't understand, so he said at the end of the poem that he "didn't take first frost and planted it near the Imperial Banquet", that is, he didn't recommend him to the court. It is precisely because of Linghuxuan's cold reception and rejection that the poet repeatedly mentioned Linghuchu to express his dissatisfaction and complaints. In the poem "Nine Days" in junior high school, the poet recalled the kindness of Ling Huchu. She accused Ling Huxuan of "not planting alfalfa like China officials, but teaching Chu people to sing fences." Therefore, this poem expresses its sinking dilemma, and at the same time reveals its indifference to Hu Ling.

The outstanding features of this poem are rigorous conception and lofty artistic conception. The poet himself seems to know very well. Consciously avoid reality and be empty, adopt symbolic means, and don't speak out. Literally, except for five or six sentences, every sentence is written in chrysanthemum, and every sentence has its own sense of life experience, which is unique and different. In particular, those three or four sentences "have been sad, have the heart to cicada." The meaning is fine, alert and impressive.