Flower World-Bauhinia

Bauhinia is a kind of flower with bright color and large flower shape. It is a family flower. Usually, it means family harmony. At the same time, it is also the city flower of Hong Kong, symbolizing that Hong Kong and the motherland are inseparable and together forever. In addition, bauhinia also represents the meaning of unswerving love. Because of the bright color of bauhinia, the flowers on the branches have already bloomed before the leaves of the plant grow, so it has the reputation of being red all over the sky. According to legend, in ancient times, Bauhinia was called the flower representing brotherhood, and its lush branches and leaves represented the strong and lasting feelings between brothers.

The story of bauhinia

1. Bauhinia is the city flower of Hong Kong. In the history of Hong Kong, there is a story about Bauhinia.

/kloc-More than 0/00 years ago, Hong Kong residents fought against the British invasion and countless martyrs died heroically. After the disaster, people built a big tomb in Guijiao Mountain to bury the heroes who died heroically.

Later, a tree with purple flowers that people had never seen before grew on Turtle Horn Mountain, and it soon spread all over Hong Kong. Flowers are in full bloom, especially around Tomb-Sweeping Day. People named it Bauhinia to commemorate those martyrs who died.

2.？ During the Eastern Han Dynasty, Jing Zhaoyin Tianzhen separated from his brothers Ching Tien and Tian Guang, and all the property had been distributed. The remaining bauhinia trees are intended to be divided into three parts. At dawn, when the two brothers came to cut down the tree, they found that it had withered and fallen flowers all over the ground. Tian Zhen couldn't help sighing: "People are not as good as wood!" Since then, the three brothers have never separated and lived in harmony, and Bauhinia has also gained vitality and flourished.

3.？ According to legend, Bauhinia is not called Bauhinia, but Sang Wu. Sang Wu is the sacred tree of the Heavenly Palace. Flowers can stay beautiful and have hair, and leaves can be bathed and refreshed. Roots can prolong life, so they become the queen mother's favorite flower. In order to prevent it from living on the earth, she put the seeds of flowers in a secret place. No one knows where she put the flowers except Xia Zixian, her favorite girl who weaves colorful clouds. Later, Xia Zi, a fairy, went down to earth under the pseudonym of Weaver Girl and married a bullwhip. When the Queen Mother knew this, she took the fairy Xia Zi back to heaven and put her in a small room as a sign of punishment. Later, after her anger subsided, she was allowed to see Niubian's Magpie Bridge on the seventh day of July every year, and she was allowed to continue to look after the black mulberry trees in the Heavenly Palace to relieve loneliness. One year, the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl met at the Magpie Bridge. The Cowherd told the Weaver Girl villagers that they had a strange disease with itchy body and dry hair. In desperation, the Weaver Girl stole all the seeds of the black mulberry and dumped them on the earth. Seeds take root in soil and germinate in water, becoming the most prosperous and beautiful bauhinia forest in the world.

Bauhinia, the school flower of Tsinghua.

According to the historical records of Tsinghua, in 19 14, Wen Yiduo's class performed the drama Soul of Bauhinia. This is one of the sources that designated Bauhinia as the school flower of Tsinghua. From its biological characteristics, it has the character of "the best in the world", because when it blooms, the land in Beijing is still yellow. Bauhinia blooms around the anniversary.

Bauhinia poetry

Sitting alone on the screen window embroiders late, and bauhinia blooms. —— Zhu Jiang (Tang Dynasty) The oriole cries under the beautiful bauhinia, and the woman in the poem embroiders alone in front of the window. Here, bauhinia is used to vividly express the eternal feelings in women's hearts.

The wind blows bauhinia, don't worry. -the author is unknown. This poem borrows bauhinia flowers to make the sadness of parting stronger.

Build a house with a loess wall and a bauhinia tree in front. -Zhang Yu (Yuan) presented us with a beautiful, simple and natural pastoral scenery.

Every spring, the guest officer's eyes open and the bauhinia falls. -Chen (Song) From this poem, it is not difficult for us to capture the powerful life breath of spring.

There are many poems describing bauhinia, such as: dancing to enjoy bauhinia, hoping for evergreen spring breeze. The osmanthus tree, how to compete, and the bauhinia flower have long become withered and brilliant. Where does a Yun Lan recognize the fragrant dust? Bauhinia is used as a pod, and apricots are light.

It can be seen that bauhinia was also a frequent visitor in ancient times.

Different varieties of bauhinia

Bauhinia albiflora

Bauhinia is a variety of Bauhinia, the flower is white. Tufted or solitary shrubs, 2-5 meters high; Bark and twigs are light gray and white. Leaves are papery, nearly round or triangular, usually hairless on both sides, young leaves are green, and only petioles are purplish.

Giant bauhinia

Bauhinia is a deciduous tree or a big tree, and the average plant growth can reach 30 meters. It is an excellent native tree species with great ornamental value discovered in recent years.

Giant bauhinia leaves alternate, entire, heart-shaped or nearly round, with soft and drooping branches, dense and elegant. The calyx is purple-red, shaped like a purple butterfly, which flowers first and leaves later.

Flowers are seen in spring, with large and dense inflorescences and bright colors.

In summer, the leaves are thick, heart-shaped, round and shiny.

In autumn, the pod is large, green when it first emerges, reddish brown when it matures, flat and long, with slightly pointed ends.

In winter, the leaves are sparse, the trunk is tall and straight, the bark is agate gray, and the branches are swaying.

? Bauhinia

Bauhinia fasciculata is a cluster of Bauhinia, with a height of more than 4 meters, a crown width of 100-300 cm, and generally 5- 10 branches.

Cercis canadensis

The plant height is about 4-5 meters, the branches are dark gray and have shallow lenticels.

The new leaves are purple-red, and the old leaves are copper-brown in sunny summer. If the light is insufficient, they will turn green-brown, red in autumn, and pale pink on the back of the leaves.

After the flower leaves first, 4 ~ 10 clusters form short racemes, and old stems, new branches and short branches can all bloom. Corolla butterfly-shaped, rose red, flowering in April.

Pods are strip-shaped, flat and reddish brown when they mature in August and September, and there are nearly round seeds in them, but the seed setting rate after flowering is not high.

Bauhinia canadensis has long flower stalks and sparse flowers. Different from the common Cercis canadensis, it is densely clustered and clings to the trunk, but slightly drooping and densely open.

Application of Bauhinia

Bauhinia flowers first and then leaves, with bright and lovely colors, are often planted in courtyards, buildings and lawns for ornamental purposes. Its bark stalk can also be used as medicine, which has the effect of detoxification and swelling reduction; Seeds can be used as pesticides to kill pests. It has the effects of clearing away heat and cooling blood, expelling wind and toxic materials, promoting blood circulation and dredging menstruation, and relieving swelling and pain. Can be used for treating rheumatic bone pain, traumatic injury, arthralgia due to wind-cold-dampness, amenorrhea, snake bite, blood gas disorder, rabies and other diseases. The wood grain is straight and thin, which can be used for furniture and architecture.

Morphological characteristics of Bauhinia

Bauhinia in Leguminosae has alternate leaves, entire, palmately veined, petiole, stipules, and caducous. Flowers cluster on old stems or form racemes, which bloom before or at the same time as leaves; Calyx broadly campanulate; 5. The teeth are cracked, and the top of the curved teeth is blunt or round; The two sides of the flower are symmetrical, and the upper three petals are smaller; Stamens 10, separated; The ovary has a stalk. The pods are flat, long and narrow, and the wings are narrow along the abdomen; Seeds flat, several. Bauhinia is a deciduous tree, which is often shrubby after cultivation. Leaves alternate, nearly round, sharp at the top, heart-shaped at the base, 6 ~ 14 cm long and 5 ~ 14 cm wide, with no hair on both sides. Flowers first, leaves later, and 4 ~ 10 flowers clustered on the old branches; Bracteoles 2, broadly ovate; Rose-red flowers, length 1.5 ~ 1.3 cm, soft pedicels, length 0.6 ~ 1.5 cm. The pod is narrowly lanceolate, flat, 5 ~14cm long and1.3 ~1.5cm wide, and the wing is narrow along the abdominal seam and does not crack. 2 ~ 8 seeds, oblate, nearly black. 165438+ Flowering every year10-March, with a flowering period of 4-5 months.

Cultivation method of bauhinia

The cultivation of bauhinia should choose the leeward and sunny place with deep soil layer, fertile soil and good drainage. Bauhinia plants should be transplanted with soil balls and properly trimmed branches, otherwise the survival rate is low. Apply decomposed organic fertilizer as base fertilizer in the planting hole, water it after cutting, and water it 1 time after 3 days. Bauhinia buds late. Under normal circumstances, leaves will only appear from mid-April to the end of April. Because of root injury, the germination of newly planted bauhinia will be delayed. So don't give up management just because you have no job.

① Selection of basin: Choose purple sand pottery basin or glazed pottery basin.

② Soil: The cultivation soil requires loam with rich organic matter and good drainage, and 5 parts of humus soil or sandy soil (wet mud sand), 2 parts of burnt soil (fire stupid) and coal cake ash 1 part can be selected for full mixing.

③ Planting: Transplanting is generally carried out after defoliation in autumn and before germination in spring. Because bauhinia should be transplanted with soil balls as far as possible in order to protect its fibrous roots. At the same time, prune some branches on the basin. Pay attention to pad the drainage holes at the bottom of the basin before planting to prevent water accumulation; When planting, the root system should be stretched and not bent in the basin soil; Pay attention to the correct positioning and adjust the posture and position of the stump; After planting, we should strengthen management, often water the pot soil to keep it moist, put it under a shade shed for a while, and then move it to a sunny and ventilated place when it grows vigorously.

Bauhinia is usually propagated by sowing, dividing plants, layering and cutting, and can also be grafted to propagate excellent varieties such as Bauhinia in Canada.

Sowing: Collect mature pods from September to June at 5438+00, take out seeds and bury them in dry sand in the shade for the winter. Sow in late March to early April, and treat the seeds before sowing to make the seedlings grow in Miao Zhuang. Soak the seeds in warm water at 60℃, and keep soaking for 3 ~ 5 days after cooling. Cold water needs to be changed once a day After the seeds absorb water and swell, they are placed in the environment of 15℃ to accelerate germination, and are drenched with warm water 1 ~ 2 times a day. Seeds are sown in the seedbed after being exposed to the ground, and can be sown after two weeks, and can be properly spaced after emergence. Four real leaves can be transplanted in the nursery, and loose and fertile loam is better for the border. In order to facilitate management, planting is implemented in wide and narrow rows, with a width of 60 cm, a narrow row of 40 cm and a spacing of 30 cm to 40 cm. Seedling stage is not cold-resistant, so plastic arch shed should be used for wintering.

Ramet: The roots of Bauhinia are prone to tillering. Before germination in autumn 10 or spring, it is easy to survive by cutting off tillering seedlings with a sharp knife and replanting lateral roots connected with the mother plant. In autumn, the ramets should be protected from roots and overwintering, and planted in March in spring. It usually blooms in the second year.

Stratification: Bauhinia can be stratified in the growing season, especially in March-April in spring. In the air layering method, you can choose 1 ~ 2-year-old branches, cut the bark about 1.5 cm with a sharp knife to expose xylem, apply rooting powder solution about 3 cm above the cut part (diluted according to the instructions), cover the cut part with a cylindrical plastic bag after drying, fill it with loose garden soil, and tie both ends tightly after watering. Check after January, if the soil is too dry, you can replenish water and moisturize it, cut it off, and plant it after taking root. Shrub-shaped trees can be carved with soft branches, which are 1 ~ 2 years old, coated with rooting powder solution, buried in the soil after sharp bending, fixed with masonry, and the top can be supported and righted with wooden sticks. Generally, it is replanted in March of the following year. Some branches do not take root that year, so they can continue to be buried and pressed, and they can take root the next year.

Cutting: Bauhinia is carried out in the summer growing season. Cutting off the shoots of that year can survive in sandy soil, but it is not commonly used in production.

Grafting: Cercis chinensis and Cercis chinensis can be used as rootstocks, but Cercis chinensis is not suitable for use in northern China because of its weak cold tolerance. Taking buds or branches of excellent varieties such as Cercis canadensis as scions requires pure varieties and vigorous growth. Select the whole branch with sunny periphery and no pests and diseases, cut off the leaves after harvesting and graft in time. Grafting can be used in April-May and August-September, and bud grafting can be used in July. If the weather is dry, it should be watered once every 1 ~ 2 days before grafting to improve the survival rate of grafting. Check whether the scion is alive or not about 3 weeks after grafting. If it does not survive, it should be replanted in time. Grafted plants should erase the sprouting branches and buds on the rootstock in time to avoid competing with the scion for nutrition and affecting its normal growth.

Usage: Bauhinia flowers first and then leaves, with bright and lovely colors, and is often planted in courtyards, buildings and lawns for ornamental purposes. Its bark stalk can also be used as medicine, which has the effect of detoxification and swelling reduction; Seeds can be used as pesticides to kill pests. The wood grain is straight and thin, which can be used for furniture and architecture.

Common diseases of bauhinia and their control

Angular spot is a fungal disease, the pathogens are Cercospora and Cercospora crassipes, which usually occurs in July-September.

Most of them started from the lower leaves, and then gradually spread upward, resulting in poor plant growth, serious disease in rainy season, and bacteria overwintering on diseased leaves and residues.

Angular spot mainly occurs on the leaves of Cercis chinensis. The diseased spots are polygonal, yellowish brown to dark reddish brown, and there will be dark brown mildew spots in the later stage of the disease. In severe cases, the leaves are covered with diseased spots, and the diseased spots are often connected together, causing the leaves to wither and fall off.

Remove diseased leaves and dead leaves in time in autumn and burn them centrally.

700- 1000 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder, 800- 1000 times of 70% mancozeb wettable powder or 500 times of 80% zineb can be sprayed at onset. 10 day spraying 1 time, continuous spraying for 3 ~ 4 times, the control effect is good.

Fusarium wilt will invade the roots of plants from underground wounds, destroy the vascular tissue of plants, and cause plants to wither and die.

Leaves generally turn yellow and fall off from the top of diseased branches, usually from individual branches, and then gradually develop to the whole plant.

Stripping the bark, yellow-brown longitudinal stripes can be seen in xylem, and yellow-brown wheel necrosis spots can be seen in cross section.

Cut off the diseased branches and leaves in time, and destroy the whole plant in severe cases. After destruction, disinfect it with 70% pentachloronitrobenzene or 3% ferrous sulfate.

200-fold solution of 50% thiram wettable powder or 400-fold solution of 50% carbendazim wettable powder or 120 water agent 100ppm liquid medicine can be used for root irrigation.

Plant planting is relatively dense, which is prone to leaf blight, generally starting from June.

It mainly harms the leaves of bauhinia. At the early stage of the disease, the leaves produce reddish-brown round lesions, which grow on the edge of the leaves and gradually expand into patches, forming irregular large spots, and the leaves die and fall off.

Spraying 50% carbendazim 800 ~ 1000 times or 50% thiophanate methyl 500 ~ 1000 times every105 days for 2 ~ 3 times.

Brief introduction of horticultural association

Flowers and plants are natural spirits. They are not only beautiful and pure, but also our human companions. They can not only purify the environment and decorate the home, but also make our life more emotional and poetic.

Adhering to this concept of injecting poetry and feelings into life, and not forgetting your initiative, the founder of our horticultural association kept in mind the mission, adhered to the faith, and remained enthusiastic forever, and did a lot of work for the preparation of the association.

Although we encountered many difficulties along the way, we firmly believe that after the storm, there will always be a rainbow; Across the cliff, flowers are blooming everywhere. May more like-minded friends join us and create a happy gardening association together.

Act now!