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1. Land selection and soil preparation: select fertile and loose plots with good drainage and rich organic matter as planting land, then turn
Garlic planting technology and management technology
1. Land selection and soil preparation: select fertile and loose plots with good drainage and rich organic matter as planting land, then turn
1. Land selection and soil preparation: select fertile and loose plots with good drainage and rich organic matter as planting land, then turn over 20-25cm, and apply sufficient organic fertilizer as base fertilizer after border tillage.
2. Seed selection and seed soaking: garlic cloves with big white grains, no damage and good color are selected as seeds and soaked in carbendazim solution for 4-6 hours before sowing to prevent mildew after sowing.
3. Sowing: dig sowing holes in the border, sow in August-65438+1October, and sow 2-3 petals in each hole.
4. Management: Do a good job of topdressing, watering and weeding.
I. Planting methods
1, land selection and land preparation
(1) Garlic likes fertilizer and is suitable for planting in fertile, loose and flat soil with good drainage and rich organic matter.
(2) Before planting, deeply plough the soil for 20-25cm, and then rake the clods finely and evenly until there are no obvious stones or clods in the ground.
(3) After raking the soil, make a boundary in the field. The frame is about 4 meters wide and 50- 100 cm long. The width and length can also be determined according to the actual situation.
(4) Apply 5000 kilograms of organic fertilizer per mu as the base fertilizer, and mix the fertilizer into the soil during ploughing.
2. Seed selection and seed soaking
(1) Choose the appropriate garlic varieties according to the harvest position, which can be divided into garlic and small garlic according to the size of garlic cloves.
(2) If the main purpose is to harvest garlic seedlings, you can choose garlic varieties with early maturity and small petals, such as white garlic, which has short growth period and early market time.
(3) If the main purpose is to harvest garlic bolts and garlic, you can choose garlic cloves for planting, such as purple garlic.
(4) Choose garlic with big head and good color, remove the garlic tray and stem plate, classify garlic cloves, and then choose garlic cloves with big grains, pure white appearance, no damage and smooth skin as seeds, each grain should weigh about 5g. The size of seeds is related to yield, so try to choose large seeds.
(5) Garlic 65438 is dried 0-2 days before sowing. In order to avoid mildew after sowing, garlic seeds can be soaked in carbendazim solution for 4-6 hours.
Step 3: sow.
(1) time
If the planting purpose is to harvest garlic, it can be sown from early September to early October of 65438+ 10 every year, and no later than the middle of 65438+ 10; If the purpose of planting is to harvest green garlic, it can be sown in the middle and late August of each year.
(2) Method
(1) Dig sowing holes at the border, and sow 2-3 petals in each hole with a depth of 3-4cm. Too deep or too shallow will affect seedling emergence.
② If green garlic (garlic seedling) is mainly harvested, the plant spacing is 2-3cm, the row spacing is 13- 17cm, and the seed consumption per mu is 250-350kg.
③ If young garlic shoots and garlic heads are mainly harvested, the plant spacing is 7-8cm, the row spacing is 14- 17cm, and the seed yield per mu is 150-200kg.
(4) After sowing, cover with a layer of plant ash or pour with a layer of sediment slurry.
Second, management methods.
1, topdressing
(1) Seedling-promoting fertilizer: After the garlic seedlings are fully grown, dressing with 1 times diluted human excrement can play a seedling-raising role, and ammonium bicarbonate should not be applied to avoid burning the seedlings.
(2) Long-term fertilization: 60-80 days after sowing, 20-30 tons of decomposed human and animal manure+65,438 kg of ammonium sulfate+5 kg of potassium sulfate or potassium chloride are applied per mu, so that early-maturing varieties can catch up early and mid-late-maturing varieties can catch up late.
(3) Fertility: After the rotten mother seeds garlic, the flower buds and scale buds gradually differentiate into the flower stem elongation period. At this time, the old roots are aging, a large number of new roots appear, stems and leaves and garlic shoots are rapidly elongated, and garlic shoots begin to expand slowly, which has a great demand for nutrients. Available potassium and nitrogen fertilizer (compound fertilizer is better) 10- 15 kg should be applied again, and it should be applied in the first half of the current tail (short plugs at the lower part of the false stem can be observed after peeling the seedlings) to promote growth.
(4) Garlic swelling fertilizer: Before the garlic bolt is harvested, apply 5- 10 kg of nitrogen and potassium fertilizer per mu, and only use about 5 kg of urea per mu. Excessive topdressing will cause the green buds and new leaves of garlic cloves to consume the nutrition of garlic cloves.
water
(1) whole seedling stage: after general sowing 1 week, the seedlings will be whole; After topdressing the whole seedling fertilizer, if the soil is dry, it can be irrigated 1 time to promote seedling growth.
(2) Seedling stage: This is the key period for the differentiation and formation of garlic vegetative organs. Garlic enters the pre-seedling stage after the whole seedling stage. Because irrigation is 65,438+0 times after the full seedling stage, and this stage is also a period of more autumn rain in the Yangtze River basin, it is necessary to control irrigation and pay attention to field drainage after autumn rain.
(3) The middle and late stage of seedling stage: It is a long period from before overwintering to the end of seed withdrawal, and it is also an important period for garlic vegetative growth. Before overwintering, the rainfall in many places has been obviously reduced, so it is necessary to water 1 time when the soil is dry; After overwintering, the temperature gradually rose and the seedlings began to grow vigorously again. Therefore, it is necessary to irrigate in time to promote the growth of garlic leaves and thicken the false stems.
(4) Bolting stage: all the differentiated leaves of garlic seedlings have been exposed, the growth of leaf area has reached the peak, the root system has been expanded to the maximum extent, and the growth of garlic bolts has accelerated. This stage is the period when the amount of fertilizer and water is the largest, and bolting water should be poured in time after fertilization. ? Now the tail? After that, water should be continuously watered to promote seedlings, and water should not be stopped 2-3 days before harvest to facilitate storage and transportation.
(5) Bulging period of garlic: water the garlic bolt immediately after harvest to promote the rapid expansion and weight gain of garlic, and stop watering five days before harvest to control the growth and accelerate the transportation of assimilated substances from leaves to garlic.
3, intertillage weeding
(1) When the herbicide is sprayed from sowing to emergence to control weeds such as crabgrass, Polygonum hydropiper, gray grass and green bristlegrass, 50% prometryne100-150g is sprayed per mu.
(2) In a garlic field dominated by monocotyledonous gramineous weeds, 30-50kg naproxen120-150g was mixed with water 5-7 days after sowing (before emergence), diluted and sprayed at night.
(3) In a garlic field dominated by dicotyledonous broadleaf grass, after sowing (before emergence), use 25% clomazone for 7- 10 day, add 40-60 kg of water (120- 150 ml), and dilute.
Step 4 harvest
(1) Picking young garlic shoots
(1) When the young garlic shoots are pulled out from the leaf sheath and begin to bend, it is the appropriate time to harvest the young garlic shoots.
(2) Bolting and picking too early, the yield is not high, easy to break, and the commodity is poor. If bolting is picked too late, garlic bolting will consume too much nutrients, which will affect the growth and development of garlic. Garlic bolting tissue will age and increase fiber, making it inedible.
(3) Bolting should be done at noon and afternoon on sunny days. At this time, the plant wilts, the leaf sheath is easy to separate from the garlic bolt, and the leaves are tough and not easy to break, which can reduce the leaf damage. If the young garlic shoots are harvested in rainy days or after rain, the plants have fully absorbed water, and the young garlic shoots and leaves have poor toughness and are easy to break.
(2) harvesting garlic
① Garlic can be harvested within 65,438+05-20 days after bolting (mostly 65,438+08 days). The signs of timely harvesting garlic are: most of the leaves have dried up, the upper leaves have faded to gray-green, the tips are dry and drooping, the false stems are soft, and the garlic has basically grown.
(2) Garlic is harvested too early, and its meat is tender, with plenty of water, and its tissues are not full, so it is easy to shrink after storage; If the harvest is too late, garlic is easy to disperse, and garlic cloves are easy to disperse when pulling garlic, and the value of goods is lost.
(3) When harvesting, the hard ground can be dug with a shovel, and the soft ground can be directly pulled out by hand. Garlic was picked and transported to the field. The last row of garlic leaves is placed on the head of the previous row, and only the seedlings are dried to prevent the garlic from burning or turning green. After 2-3 days of frequent turning, the stems and leaves can be dried and preserved.
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