Classification of lantern plays

Lantern Opera is developed from folk song and dance lanterns, camellia lanterns, ground flower drums and "tunes". It mainly includes Xiangxi Lantern Festival, Xiangbei Lantern Festival represented by Pingjiang Lantern Festival and Xiangnan Lantern Festival represented by Jiahe Lantern Festival. Popular in Xiangxi. Folklore called Mayang lamp, Sangzhi lamp and Baojing lamp. They are all lantern operas which are a combination of Toarey Yang Opera and Nuo Opera. Xiangxi Lantern Festival, formerly known as Lantern Festival, was named after the Lantern Festival. Jishou is called "Yuanxiao", Sangzhi is called "Lantern Festival" and Yongshun is called "Ground Lantern Festival".

After the lantern was formed in the form of song and dance, artists, after years of practice, artistically processed various movements in life and folk martial arts, and created and developed different styles of civil and military lanterns. The lanterns are beautiful and free, and the martial arts lanterns are strong.

Xiangxi Lantern Opera was initially formed, which first appeared in today's Phoenix and Mayang, during the Xianfeng and Tongzhi years of the Qing Dynasty. At that time, Yangxi Opera, Tang Nuo Opera, Chen He Gao Qiang and Changde Hanban all performed in some places in western Hunan, which had a certain influence on the Lantern Festival. Therefore, the Lantern Festival, which is dominated by singing and dancing, has made a new development in its content, that is, adapting folk stories and other operas into Lantern Festival performances, such as Xiang Lian's Breaking in the Door and Visiting Friends with a Mountain Man. The singing of Xiangxi Lantern Opera mostly comes from folk songs and minor. Most of the singing styles of Lantern Festival and Lantern Festival are light tones, and the tunes keep the structural characteristics of folk songs, with different degrees of drama. Due to the continuous expansion of the theme and the increase of the industry, the aria is widely adopted by Bona, and Yang Opera, Nuo Opera, Quyi, Gaoqiang and other operas are integrated and developed in one furnace. That is, Southern Hunan Lantern Festival is popular on both sides of Fuling River. Guiyang is called "Dudiao", Chenxian is called "Dihuagu" and Jiahe is called "Lantern". There are more than 0/00 Jiahe Lantern Show/KLOC, among which there are relaxed and lively rural life dramas, such as Watching Flowers and Shooting Birds, and more are full dramas reflecting family life and folk stories, such as Bitter Tea, Hsi Chin, Strike the Iron and Bang Toad.

Yunnan Lantern Opera originated from folk Lantern Dance, which was a local opera popular in Yunnan in the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China. In the process of popularity, due to the influence of local voices and folk songs, different singing and performance styles have been formed. Yunnan Lantern has three branches: Kunming Lantern, Yuxi Lantern and Yao 'an Lantern. Among them, Kunming Lantern has retained the most ditties and repertoires of Ming and Qing Dynasties, and the accompaniment instrument is mainly Hu Qin. Yao 'an Lantern folk songs are rich in color, mainly with flutes and bangzi. Yuxi Lantern is the earliest innovation, so it is called "New Lantern", and its repertoire and performance form are greatly influenced by Yunnan Opera. At first, it was a lantern performance with strong song and dance elements, and later it was influenced by major operas such as Yunnan Opera. When the artists of the Lantern Festival improved the complex repertoire, they also absorbed the relevant tunes to change, expand and renovate it, and created new tunes of the Lantern Festival. The newly compiled light tone adopts the arrangement method of continuous tone, which has some characteristics of Banqiang music and is suitable for performing traditional plays. In addition, there are various folk songs in the tunes of Yunnan Lantern Opera, which occupy an important position in the whole drama. The performance of Lantern Festival attaches great importance to dance. The basic feature of Yunnan Lantern Dance is "twisting", and there is a folk saying that "you can't do it without twisting". The "crooked step" is accompanied by the movement of the hand, and the various changes of the props in the hand and the "flowers in the hand" and "flowers in the fan" are its concrete manifestations. The songs and dances in Lantern Opera are conducive to setting off the plot and enriching the characters.

The most prosperous period of Yunnan Lantern Opera was the 1950s and 1960s. At this time, not only a number of famous lantern actors such as Shi Baofeng, Xiong and Yuan Lu 'an emerged, but also dramas such as Tan, Naodu, Liu Cheng's watching vegetables and visiting his parents three times appeared, which were quite famous on the stage of Yunnan Opera. Xiong was one of the first old artists to put the "dustpan lamp" performed on the rural threshing floor on the stage. He is good at playing young students, and is famous for playing Liang Shanbo in The Mountain Man Visiting Friends and Xu Xian in The Legend of the White Snake. His performance has a strong local flavor of Yuxi, Yunnan.

Guizhou Lantern Opera is mainly popular in Dushan, Zunyi, Bijie, Anshun, Tongren and other places, with different names. Northern Guizhou and Qianxi are called Lantern Opera, Dushan is called desk lamp, Sinan and Yinjiang are called Gao Tai Opera or Lantern Opera. It originated between the Tang and Song Dynasties and was popular in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Lanterns in Xujiaba, Wenjiadian, Daheba, Dabachang and Tangtou are very popular.

Sinan Tujia Lantern not only has a long history, but also has a variety of performances. It started as a duet. Among them, the dance movements such as the gatefight, the eagle spreading its wings, the fish playing in the water, the flower on the knee and Su Qin's negative sword are very representative and touching. In the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, three people appeared, one male and two female named Shuangfeng Chaoyang, or two male and one female named Double Lion Play Ball. There are also places where two men and two women are called double lights. Dan Jiao, also called Yao Mei, disguised as a man, wore a fake braid, a headscarf, a flowered skirt, a silk folding fan in her right hand and a colored towel in her left hand. Clown, also called brother gan, wears a fur coat, a belt, a melon hat on his head and a big cattail leaf fan in his right hand. Brother gan revolves around his sister, singing and dancing with each other. Gange's dance movements are colorful and humorous.

By the end of Qing Dynasty, Sinan Tujia Lantern Festival had developed into Gao Tai Opera, which was a great leap in the history of lanterns. During the light years of the Qing Dynasty, the Sinan Tujia Lantern Festival changed from an indoor performance to a low-level performance in the courtyard dam, which Tujia people called a low-level drama. In Guangxu 18 of Qing Dynasty, Luo Fanglin, a native of Sinan, returned to his hometown from Yunnan, and set up a formal stage in Luojiaba, his hometown, putting the short stage play of Tujia people on the high platform. Gao Tai Opera House got its name from this. The formation of Gao Tai Opera with strong national characteristics immediately shocked the whole county and even crossed the county boundaries. Regardless of weddings, funerals and celebrations, people are scrambling to invite the troupe to play.

After the founding of New China, Sinan Tujia Lantern Festival developed rapidly. 1956, the county people's government organized a lantern festival. 1958, the Lantern Troupe was established on the basis of enrichment and expansion. No woman has ever participated in Sinan Tujia people singing lanterns. 1956, the county lantern festival, asking women to play the leading role. Tian Yingxi, an old Tujia artist, mobilized everywhere and finally invited two girls, Xu Chaozhen and Xu Yifu, from Xujiaba 15. Tian Yingxi also changed the singing of ugliness and beauty from husband and wife to brother and sister. This kind of singing commensurate with brothers and sisters has been maintained until 2 1 century. 1958 participated in the provincial cultural performance, and the large-scale song and dance "Socialism is Good" created by Tian Yingxi and others was highly praised by provincial leaders and experts. 1995, the lantern drama "Welcome" and the lantern dance "Dragon and Phoenix Flower Candle" participated in the whole province's lantern exhibition, and both won the excellent program performance award and the creation award. It was developed on the basis of local folk songs and dances in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. At first, lanterns were called flower-picking lanterns, only singing and dancing. Later, opera was added to the song and dance, and later, influenced by foreign operas, it developed into a performance of this play. At first, the performance form of Lantern Opera was relatively simple, mainly performing folk operas, and the themes were mostly rural life and folk stories, such as New Year greetings, sisters watching flowers, visiting relatives three times, Liu Sanmei carrying water, and cows stopping his wife. Its performance is characterized by "twisting", and actors often use folding fans and handkerchiefs as props to express their feelings. There are two and a half steps, four steps, fast and slow steps, pheasant step, shuttle step, broken rice step, short pile step, women's track and field step, quick step and so on. Fan play includes small flower fan, large flower fan, cross fan, cover fan, difference fan, butterfly fan, etc. There are rhinoceros looking at the moon, flowers planted on the knees, Huanglong wrapped around the waist, fishing for the moon on the sea floor, snow-covered roofs, rock eagles spreading their wings and so on. Some of the tunes of Guizhou Lantern Opera are dramatic, and some come from lyric folk songs, among which Embroidered Pocket is the most famous. In the process of popularity, Guizhou Lantern Opera gradually broke the song and dance program of "lights, fans and pa", and the foot color business was no longer limited to "second small" and "third small", but divided into net, end, old Dan and colorful Dan. On the basis of the original tune, its musical sound has also been expanded and changed, and gradually formed its own "banqiang" and "Qupai". The commonly used banqiang tunes are: tune, line tune, Dao tune, number tune, mantra tune, crying tune, one-word tune, Mamen, Yin Er Quan, Mountain Slope Sheep, Aizi and Four-level tune. Commonly used tunes include Four Small Scenes, Four Seasons Acacia, Moon Tone, Sending Husband Tone, Skillful Dressing, Bai Mudan Tone, Bigu Tone, Sending Tea Tone, Watching Flowers Tone, Snowflakes Floating and so on. When portraying characters by expressing plots, the board cavity and tunes are comprehensively used to form a string lamp system, a desk lamp system and a gong and drum lamp system, which have richer musical expression. Sinan Tujia Lantern Opera has integrated some elements of Nuo Opera and waving dance, forming its own characteristics. Its beautiful singing, strong local flavor and unique national style complement each other with lanterns and operas, which embodies the humanistic style of Wujiang River Basin.