What was the basic necessities of life like 30 years ago?

Talk about my family's basic necessities before the reform and opening up (part two)

The day before yesterday, I talked about the food situation in our family before the reform and opening up. Take some time today to talk about other aspects.

Let's talk about "clothes"

At that time, I didn't wear a new suit until the Spring Festival, and I wore it all year. Because everyone spends more than ten feet of cloth tickets every year, from underwear to coats, from sheets to quilts, all of them have to rely on this cloth ticket to pay. How can you always have new clothes to wear?

Now the next generation of children are puzzled when they look at our old photos. They say your clothes were so fat. It looks like your pocket. How ugly. Didn't tailors at that time cut clothes that suited them?

In fact, the reason is very simple. That suit should be used as an outer cover in summer and cotton trousers and cotton-padded jacket in winter. Of course, it should be as big as possible. Where can I have the corresponding clothes in different seasons and occasions like this?

Because there were few clothes at that time, a suit was worn for a long time and it was easy to break down. If it is broken, it must be mended, so it was common to wear patched clothes at that time. Because of this, any junk is useful and will be carefully collected by people. When I moved a few years ago, I dug up a big bag of rags, which my mother had accumulated in those years.

Let's talk about "live".

My parents had no house when they got married. There are more than 5,000 employees in my father's unit, whose level is higher than my father's, and the conditions are more difficult than my father's. Moreover, the number of family buildings built in the factory is extremely limited, so it is not my father's turn at all. Therefore, they can't get married. Later, an old worker was assigned to the newly-built family building, freeing up two cabins. At this time, the factory was assigned to my father.

The house was built in Zhang Dashuai at that time. It's a two-story old circular building, and the old houses in Harbin are basically like this. The room allocated to my family is only seven square meters, and my parents have been living here. Two brothers were born, and our family of four lived in this seven-square-meter hut until 1982, and my father and his company allocated a family-style house to my family.

It is definitely not the most difficult thing to say about the conditions in our family at that time. Our neighbor, Uncle Xia, only has a house of 15 meters. There are two young couples crowded in the house. How do they live? His family built a hanging shop where the eldest son and his wife lived. Draw another curtain in the room. On one side of the curtain are the second son and his wife, and on the other side are the old couple and their unmarried third son. The phenomenon that several couples lived in the same room can be said to be everywhere at that time, which is not novel.

Our family and Xia Bobo's family are also called buildings, and there are houses. However, there were many "dry-base" houses and many people lived in them.

The so-called "dry build by laying bricks or stones" house is to dig a pit on the ground, about one meter deep, and then make adobe with loess and straw sticks, use adobe as bricks, and build a wall on the pit. The reason for digging holes is that adobe cannot be built too high. The roof is thatched and covered with thatched huts of several floors. Such a house was completely the level of a pigsty, but there were thousands of families living in it at that time.

This kind of house also has a name, called "triple jump". Because this kind of house is characterized by: the yard is lower than the road, and the house is lower than the yard. When you walk into the house from the road, you have to drop three levels. Once it rains heavily, we can see that every household should fight floods and build sandbags at the door to prevent rainwater from pouring into their homes.

Now some leftists insist that it is better to let every family have a house to live in than it is now. Bah, that's so heartless!

There is nothing to say about "food, clothing, housing and transportation". I will just talk about what property our family had in those days. The most valuable property of my family in those days was a Swiss-made Roman watch of 180 yuan, which was bought by my grandmother's family in the 1950s and later came to our family as a dowry. This piece is still there and has become a cultural relic of our family.

In addition, there is a peacock bike and butterfly sewing machine made in Harbin, both of which were drawn by my parents' unit. There is also an old tube radio, which needs to be preheated for a long time to make a sound. These things have disappeared now.

The above is all the property of our family in those days. At that time, the only accessory on my mother was the rover. There are no rings, earrings and necklaces, and there is nothing in cosmetics except vanishing cream.

My family has been so poor for as long as I can remember. And 1979 officially began reform and opening up, but in more than two years, my family bought a black and white TV set, worth more than 400 yuan. This huge contrast fully illustrates the magical power of reform and opening up.

Today, these post-90s children feel incredible when we talk about the past years. They think we are telling them fairy tales. They all have to ask: how did you get through such a day?

Yes, how did you survive? Even I can't remember how I survived. Anyway, I just got here. However, if I have to live like that, I will never live again.

Now, some leftists clamor for returning to that era every day. I will never tolerate it. To put it in a fashionable phrase during the Cultural Revolution, 1000 are unhappy and 10,000 are unhappy. I will never allow them to do this, even if I try my best!

(1) People's Republic of China (PRC) has just been established-the alternation of the old and the new, with revolutionary characteristics (blackboard writing)

When New China was founded, people's clothes still retained the style of the Republic of China. Urban residents generally wear robes with side buttons and buttons, while women wear cheongsam. Rural men generally wear Chinese double-breasted jackets and trousers, while women wear jackets and trousers with a left-sided opening, and some even wear long skirts. At that time, the fabrics that people made clothes were mostly woven "foreign cloth", denim and linen. Besides, suits and Chinese tunic suits are also very fashionable. In his later years, Sun Yat-sen often wore clothes that stood out among robes, jackets and suits. People call this kind of clothes Zhongshan suit, and associate its style with Sun Yat-sen's revolutionary beliefs and principles. For example, the four pockets symbolize the four dimensions of the country, namely, courtesy, righteousness, honesty and shame; The three buttons on the sleeve represent the three people's principles of nationality, civil rights and people's livelihood, and the Zhongshan suit has become a symbol of the national revolution. In fact, the Kuomintang has long rebelled against the revolution.

After the founding of New China, dressing was closely linked with the revolution. Suits and cheongsam are regarded as bourgeois sentiments, which have gradually disappeared in people's lives in the past 20 years. Zhongshan suit and Lenin suit have become the common choice of the people. At the founding ceremony, the leaders of the new China made their first collective appearance at the Tiananmen Gate. The image of Mao Zedong and the leaders around him in Chinese tunic suit attracted the attention of the whole world. Men in Chinese tunic suit look solemn and energetic. The Chinese tunic suit is very orthodox, with many buttons and four flat pocket, but the style is too rigid and lacks innovation. Later, it evolved into people's clothing with certain improvement. That is, from then on, a double-breasted uniform from the Soviet Union-"Lenin suit" became popular among working women. It was named after the name Lenin wore before and after the October Revolution. Its style is suit, open collar, double-breasted with three buttons in each row and a cloth belt around the waist. This dress later became the most admired and favored "fashion" by countless women in China. Among them, almost all revolutionary female cadres should wear Lenin clothes to show their revolution.

(2) Before the reform and opening up-simple and monotonous (blackboard writing)

People in the 1950 s advocated labor as the most glorious, and simplicity was fashion. Young girls once fell in love with men's overalls and plaid shirts. From 65438 to 0956, the three major transformations began to be carried out vigorously. When people's life is improving day by day, the popular color changes from blue to gray. The skirt "Blagi" imported from the Soviet Union has become the most popular skirt. The popularity of Blagi skirts in China is attributed to a Soviet leader. During his visit to China, the leader pointed out that China's clothing does not conform to the image of a big socialist country, and "all women should wear flowered clothes to reflect the prosperity of socialism". As a result, colorful Blagi skirts have become the most beautiful scenery in major cities.

In the era of thrift, most beautiful clothes are made by the family. Skilled girls and mothers do it by themselves according to the clothing cutting patterns in the pictorial, so that the military uniforms can fit and the cotton-padded shirts can look good. At this time, the Chinese tunic suit has become the most solemn and common dress in China. At that time, owning a woolen tunic suit was enviable, and inserting one or even two pens in the upper right pocket of the tunic suit was a sign of knowledge and culture. Later, according to the characteristics of the Zhongshan suit, some people designed more concise and lively "civilian clothes", "green clothes" and "student clothes". There is also a slightly improved Zhongshan suit, that is, the neckline is enlarged and the lapel is changed from small to large, which is very popular with people. Mao Zedong, the leader of the Republic of China at that time, especially liked to wear this style of Chinese tunic suit. Later, some people abroad called this style of Zhongshan suit "Mao-style Zhongshan suit". Since then, the popularity of Zhongshan suit has lasted for nearly 30 years.

The early 1960s was the most difficult period in the history of New China. Due to three years of natural disasters, the cotton output has been greatly reduced from 1959 to 1960, and the cotton quantity is 2 1 foot per person. People buy clothes, cotton cloth and daily textiles with cloth tickets. In order to save as much as possible, the standard of buying clothes is wear resistance and anti-stolen goods. Gray, black and blue have become popular colors in the streets, and uniform clothing styles, regardless of seasons and men and women, are more popular. A cartoonist once vividly described the scene that "everyone is dressed in blue".

During the Cultural Revolution, owning a military uniform was the ideal of countless young people in that era. Teenagers like to wear grass-green military uniforms, grass-green military caps and grass-green schoolbags on their shoulders. This suit was very luxurious and fashionable at that time. Of course, hard work and plain living were still the most mainstream fashion at that time. In order to show their diligence and simplicity, some people even soak the old clothes they bought in water, or put a few patches on the clothes that are not broken. This kind of behavior seems ridiculous today, but it was popular for a while in the decade of the Cultural Revolution. At that time, the jingle was like this: new three years, old three years, sewing again and again ... There is also a song floating in the streets and alleys in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China: thrift is our good tradition, and socialist construction is inseparable ...

However, even in the era of single color, people's love for beauty will still be revealed. A photographer called this kind of pouring "unstoppable spring". This natural pursuit of beauty is a profound mark left by an era in people's hearts.

(3) Since the reform and opening up-colorful and fashionable personality (blackboard writing)

Since the reform and opening up, the colors and styles of clothing have become more diversified, and the fabrics and textures have also undergone great changes.

1980 is the third year of China's reform and opening up. With the development of the times, people wear more and more clothes, and the color has changed from a single blue-gray to colorful. The domestic feature film "The True Face of Lushan Mountain" released at that time became a favorite movie of young people. The long-lost love story, coupled with the novel and fashionable modeling of the heroine in the film, is refreshing. How many sets of clothes she changed in the film became a hot topic for young people to discuss at that time. During this period, wearing sunglasses, long hair, bell bottoms and bat shirts became fashionable. Many people are not used to it, but young people have found their own personality and self-awareness.

The first fashion model team in Chinese mainland was established in 198 1. Although enrollment was only in the name of "Fashion Advertising Art Performance Class" at that time, to the surprise of the organizers, the number of applicants was four times as expected. Three years later, the performance team visited Europe, causing a sensation. Western public opinion exclaimed: "Children in Mao Zedong are wearing fashion!" The fashion whirlwind from China has brought a new image of openness to the world.

During the period of 1984, when the girls of China women's volleyball team achieved "three consecutive championships" at the Los Angeles Olympic Games, sportswear became popular in Beijing. Colorful sportswear has become the first choice for beauty lovers. People wear sportswear almost anytime and anywhere, and even become school uniforms for students and factory uniforms for workers.

In the 1990s, people's lives were in transition to a well-off society, and their thoughts were more open. People's clothes are changing rapidly, and their clothes are also personalized and changeable. It is difficult to sum up the fashion trend with one style or color. Emphasizing individuality and not chasing fashion has become a fashion in itself.

From the change of clothing, we can see the progress of the times and the change of people's inner thoughts. The change of clothing is based on the development of economy, and it also reflects that people's ideas change with the changes of the times, from "conformity" psychology to "pursuit of individuality" The change of clothing is a manifestation of the improvement of people's quality of life.

2, increasingly rich diet (blackboard writing)

There is a saying that "food is the most important thing for the people". It can be said that people regard "food" as the minimum standard of life, and at the same time regard "food" as the highest pursuit and enjoyment of life. From the change of "food", we can reflect the rise and fall of a society's rich and poor and appreciate the changes of social history.

(1) Just after the founding of the People's Republic of China-living in poverty, eat less or eat less (blackboard writing)

(2) There was a great improvement before the reform and opening up, but the food shortage was monotonous, the tickets were prevalent, the people were malnourished, and some rural areas did not solve the basic problem of food and clothing (blackboard writing)

Food stamps are the product of planned economy. In the early 1950s, China was short of food. In June1953+1October 65438, the Central Government Council issued an order: the whole country implemented planned grain supply and adopted the method of quantitative grain sales with vouchers, and food stamps appeared. Since August 1960 in Beijing, the catering industry in the city has been eating by ticket, and the supply of edible oil, eggs, meat, bean products and vegetables has also been restricted. There are many kinds of bills in this period. In addition to grain and oil cloth tickets, there are additional subsidized bean tickets, cake tickets, oil tickets for senior mental workers and holiday tickets. In some places, tickets for briquettes, popsicles, tobacco, alcohol and sugar, and tofu were also issued. The era when tickets are popular is also an era of material shortage. Only on holidays can people buy some cakes, sweets and dried fruits with tickets, which are very small.

Question: Why do people use tickets with 1 12 pages?

A: Because of the low level of productivity and the tight supply of materials, people need to use tickets to limit their purchasing power.

During the three-year natural disaster, food and vegetables were in short supply, and people often used carrots to satisfy their hunger when they were not full. Due to the lack of the most basic nutrition, people are a little bloated.

(3) Since the reform and opening up-not only eat well, but also eat well, with balanced nutrition and matching thickness, green food has been deeply rooted in people's hearts (blackboard writing).

Since the 1990s, the supply and demand of grain have gone to the market, and the disappearance of food stamps has become a historical necessity. 1In May 1993, Beijing finally stopped using food stamps, and food stamps completely withdrew from the historical stage. Some cloth tickets, oil tickets, meat tickets and tofu tickets symbolizing the shortage economy have also withdrawn from people's daily lives. Now the symbols of these times have become treasures in the hands of collectors.

Today, our material life has been greatly enriched, with food markets, supermarkets, hypermarkets and all kinds of food. People's requirements for food are getting higher and higher. They should not only "eat well" but also eat healthily. The concept of scientific hygiene is deeply rooted in people's hearts. People pay attention to balanced nutrition, matching thickness and light taste. They should eat more fruits and vegetables and less foods high in fat and cholesterol. Wild vegetables and coarse grains used to satisfy hunger because of insufficient food have now become healthy food on the table.

Thinking: Why are wild vegetables and coarse grains once used to satisfy hunger because of insufficient food now delicious on the table?

Answer: Because people were short of food in the past, there were only wild vegetables and coarse grains, and people could not solve the problem. Now that the food supply is sufficient, people should not only eat enough, but also eat well. People pay attention to balanced nutrition, matching thickness and choosing green food.

The improvement of people's living standards reflects the further development of social productive forces and the prosperity of socialist market economy since the reform and opening up.

3, the new look of the house (blackboard writing)

(1) People's Republic of China (PRC) has just been established-poor living conditions (blackboard writing)

Most houses of urban residents are small in size and poor in facilities. For example, the courtyard in the north and the pavilion in the south are very crowded and messy, and the house is too small, which gives people a sense of oppression. In rural areas, most of the inland areas in the north are adobe houses and caves, and most of them are thatched houses in the south. These houses are in disrepair. People and animals sometimes live in the same room with poor sanitary conditions.

(2) Before the reform and opening up-continuous improvement, but living conditions are still very poor (blackboard writing)

Flat houses with uniform and monotonous style replaced the dilapidated houses in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China. Pieces of fish-scale tiles have replaced the dilapidated roof, and the walls are no longer Shi Zhuan, but flat and white walls made of lime. But there is almost no decoration in the house, only basic furniture such as beds, tables and chairs. It looks simple and neat, full of harmony and tranquility.

(3) Since the reform and opening up, the living area has expanded and the living conditions have improved significantly (blackboard writing)

Old-fashioned ordinary houses can no longer meet people's living needs, so new residential areas have sprung up, and buildings are row upon row, just like a new city.

Starting from 1998, Beijing began to build affordable housing, providing affordable choices for residents who are rebuilding and low-income families in Beijing. Through affordable housing, people understand what is called "breaking the old and establishing the new". A large number of residents walked out of the old houses without kitchens, toilets and sewers and moved into new buildings with guaranteed housing quality, beautiful living environment and convenient shopping and transportation.

Today, people have more choices to live in, including high-rise residential areas, duplex buildings, garden club, and even characteristic villas of single-family houses. When we climb tall buildings and overlook the colorful scenery of the city, we can also appreciate the lofty sentiments of the ancients, "Reach the peak, the other mountains all appear dwarfs under the sky.." . With the improvement of people's living standards, decoration has also become a hot spot. Various styles of decoration have enriched our lives and also reflected the improvement of people's quality of life.

4. Transportation extending in all directions (blackboard writing)

(1) Just after the founding of the People's Republic of China-inconvenient transportation (blackboard writing)

In big cities (such as Beijing and Shanghai), trams and cars are more common, while rickshaws and bicycles are more common means of transportation. Bicycles and rickshaws are not rare in ordinary small and medium-sized cities. In rural areas, there are wagons and rickshaws in the north and boats and ox carts in the south. Walking is the most common way to travel.

(2) Before the reform and opening-up, there was some improvement, but mainly bicycles (blackboard writing).

During the first five-year plan period, baoji-chengdu railway and yingtan-Xiamen railways will be built; The new Tibet, Qinghai-Tibet and Sichuan-Tibet highways have been built to the "roof of the world", which has closely linked the mainland of the motherland with the frontier and facilitated economic and cultural exchanges; 1957, Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge was completed, connecting the traffic between the north and south of the Yangtze River. The overall transportation level of the country has improved.

Before the reform and opening up, the city's traffic resources were extremely limited. Besides walking on two legs, people can use buses and bicycles instead of walking. However, there are few bus lines and cars are often crowded. By contrast, the most convenient means of transportation is of course a bicycle. China was once called "the kingdom of bicycles", which shows people's dependence on bicycles. However, the road construction at that time was also very backward, which brought a lot of inconvenience to people's daily life.

(3) Since the reform and opening up-the traffic conditions have obviously improved, and railways, highways and air routes have grown rapidly (blackboard)

In China in the late 1980s, traveling was not a pleasant thing for many people. It is difficult to buy tickets, take buses and transport. Due to the lack of railway transportation capacity, the railway passenger traffic at that time was overloaded by 50% every day, exceeding 1 000% at peak hours, and 800,000 people stood by the train every day. However, the annual backlog of materials in China is as high as 65.438+0.5 billion tons, and the transportation gap between north and south is 60 million tons.

During the Republic of China, the main artery connecting north and south was Han Jing Railway, but the progress of the times made it unable to meet the needs of the people. 1992, the central government made a decisive decision: the Beijing-Kowloon Railway was opened in three years, and the concept of the Beijing-Kowloon Railway was updated. The southern end of the railway extends from Jiujiang, Jiangxi to Kowloon, Hong Kong. On May 2nd, 1993, the railway trunk line with the largest scale, the largest investment and the longest mileage was started. 1995165438+1October16th morning, the entire Beijing-Kowloon Railway was paved. 1 September 19961,4 months ahead of schedule, Beijing-Kowloon Railway was put into operation. This steel artery spans nine provinces and cities, alleviating the contradiction between north and south transportation and solving the bottleneck problem of railway transportation; It connects Hong Kong and Beijing, which are about to return to the motherland, and maintains the prosperity and stability of Hong Kong and Macao. It has passed through many old revolutionary areas and brought hope to the people in the old areas to get rid of poverty and become rich.

Expressway is the main symbol of a country's traffic modernization. The ownership of expressways has also become an index to measure the degree of economic development. From 1984 to 65438+February, Hu Jia Expressway started construction in Shanghai, and was completed and opened to traffic on 1988, 10 and 3 1. This is the first expressway in China, which opens a new page in the history of highway construction in China. In addition to inter-provincial expressways, many provinces and regions in China have built short-and medium-range expressways in this region, forming a nationwide expressway network. At the same time, it should be pointed out that convenient transportation has also brought environmental problems in urban development, which need to be solved urgently. Interested students should write an article "I see urban traffic". Remind to enhance environmental awareness and understand the importance of building and developing an eco-city.

Now we can see that the road to a modern metropolis is full of vitality, crowds surging and traffic shuttling. These means of transportation are also varied, with more bus lines and better facilities (not only ordinary buses, but also more advanced luxury buses and double-decker buses with air conditioners and mobile TVs installed inside); Even taxis beckon, private cars are not uncommon, and new means of transportation such as subway and light rail appear. In the busy work, people find that the round-trip distance has been shortened and the roads have become smoother and smoother ... People's concept of transportation has also changed greatly, holiday travel has increased, domestic and overseas travel has begun to change from sightseeing to leisure vacation, and outbound travel has become more and more popular and has more and more choices. Moreover, a cursory tour has become increasingly unable to meet the needs of tourists, personalized tourism has quietly warmed up, and people have relaxed their mood and started to really enjoy tourism. Ask some students to talk about their experiences during the May Day holiday. )