Thanks for the explanation and appreciation of three qingping songs and their backgrounds!

Lipper

one

The cloud wants clothes, flowers and capacity, and the spring breeze blows the threshold to show Revlon.

If it weren't for the head of Yushan Mountain, I would meet Yaotai under the moon.

Secondly,

A red dew incense, sex rain heartbroken.

Excuse me, who looks like Han Palace? Poor Yan Fei leans on her new makeup.

third

Famous flowers pour into the country, caring for each other and smiling like flowers.

Explain that the spring breeze is infinitely hateful, and the agarwood pavilion is northward.

[Note] ① Qingping tune: named Yuefu tune. In fact, this group of qingping tunes was created by Li Bai with seven laws.

② Window sill: railing. Hua: Flowers.

③ Qunyushan: Fairy Mountain where the Queen Mother of the West lives in myths and legends. Yaotai: Legend has it that it is the palace where the Queen Mother of West Kunlun Mountain lives.

4 Hongyan: refers to peony. Wushan Yunyu: refers to the happy meeting between the king of Chu and the goddess of Wushan, and the book Gao Tang Mi written by Song Yu.

⑤: Zhao, the favorite concubine of Emperor Han Chengdi.

6 dumping the country: amazing beauty. The classic Li Han Yannian's Song of Beauty: "When you care about this city, you care about this country."

7 explanation: dissipation. Aquilaria Resinatum: Pavilion name, built by Daphne.

[Appreciation]

The first of these three poems compares peony to a noble lady and praises her beauty; The second song uses allusions, and the flowers with dew are more popular than the imperial concubine; The third song is also about the imperial concubine and peony. This group of poems is exquisitely conceived, chanting flowers and people, and closely combined. In the poem, "clouds want clothes, flowers want capacity" are all fresh and natural sentences.

In the early days of Tianbao, as soon as Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty was spoiled, Li Bai knew He. He Zhangzhi introduced Li Bai to Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty. When the emperor saw Li Bai's poems, he was very surprised. He summoned Li Bai in the golden palace. When the poet walked up the distant steps, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty came forward to meet Li Bai and talked about the political affairs at that time. Li Bai was able to write a "peace book" on the spot according to the meaning of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, explain it to him and write it down in one breath. Emperor Xuanzong of Tang dynasty

One night, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty took his beloved princess Yang Yuhuan to watch four rare peony plants transplanted to Chenxiang Temple in the moonlight. On the bank of Xingqing Lake, they walked along the long embankment, followed by Kong Nian and a group of the best disciples in the pear garden. They sang and danced in the moonlight, accompanied by flowers. When Li Guinian was ready to sing with his orchestra, Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty said, "How can you sing old words to your concubine under such circumstances?" Ask Li Guinian to give Li Bai a piece of golden flower stationery, and ask Li Bai to write a poem (that is, a seven-character poem to accompany him) at once. I didn't expect Li Bai to be lying in the restaurant with some friends at the moment. Li Guinian immediately woke him up with cold water and put Li Bai in Xingqing Palace. Li Bai, half drunk and half awake, wrote three "Qingpingdiao":

Tang Xuanzong was very happy to see the new words, but he thought that Li Bai's classical poems were extraordinary and rare. At present, he has sung three seven-character poems. I don't know how to write five-character poems, so I asked Li Bai to write ten five-character poems on the topic of "seeking pleasure in the palace".

Li Bai vaguely realized that the emperor was testing his ability, so he said to Tang Xuanzong, "I was drunk today." If your majesty gives me fearless courage, I can give full play to my skills. " The emperor smiled: "All right!" Just ask two eunuchs to hold the rickety Li Bai, and then ask two eunuchs to hold the manuscript paper with Zhu Si as the pillar.

Li Bai ordered, "Yang, give me the ink quickly! Gao Lishi, take off my boots!

Yang was Yang Guifei's younger brother, and Gao Lishi was the most favored eunuch at that time. These two are the emperor's confidants, and the minister of the DPRK is not qualified to be so rude. Isn't Li Bai too arrogant to have a head! However, Emperor Xuanzong was in a particularly happy mood at that time. Seeing that Li Bai's metrical poems could be written so perfectly in a drunken state, he asked Yang and Gao Lishi to serve Li Bai.

Gao Lishi took off Li Bai's boots and Li Bai sat down at the table. Yang holds a good ink. Li Bai took a pen to meditate for a moment, then brushed it, and wrote ten more songs about the palace without stopping. Tang Xuanzong was very happy to read it, and immediately asked musicians to compose music and let them sing.

Where can Yang Can, Guo Zhong and Gao Lishi bear this tone? Although I waited on Li Bai on the surface, I cursed Li Bai countless times in my heart and prepared to clean up Li Bai. ?

Li Bai fell asleep after writing the poem. Li Guinian sang a clear tune with Li Bai's poems. Yang Yuhuan saw those poems praising his beauty, and he went back to enjoy flowers with Xuanzong.

Two days later, when Yang Yuhuan was singing those qingping tunes alone, Gao Lishi took the opportunity to say, "I thought the queen hated Li Bai. How can you sing his words? "

Yang Yuhuan asked strangely, "He is a bachelor of Hanlin. How can I hate him so much?"

Gao Lishi said: "There is a sentence in the second" Qingpingdiao ","I asked who the Han Palace looked like, and the poor swallow leaned on the new makeup ". Isn't that comparing you to Zhao Yanfei who messed up the Han Palace? "

It is meaningful for Yang Yuhuan to consider this issue. Since then, whenever Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty wanted to reuse Li Bai, Yang Yuhuan always stopped him.

Li Bai waited for a long time and didn't see the emperor reuse it. He guessed that someone must be in the way and simply quit his job as an academician, which could only make the king happy. Although Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty cherished Li Bai's talent, nothing was more important than Yang Yuhuan. Since she hated Li Bai, she had to give him a lot of gold to travel abroad.

Since then, Li Bai has traveled around on a donkey. When he arrived in Huayin, he was drunk and wanted to climb the mountain. He walked past Yamen Gate in Huayin County without getting off the donkey. The county magistrate doesn't know Li Bai. He was furious when he saw an ordinary citizen riding a donkey into the county government. He ordered Li Bai to be arrested in the lobby and scolded him: "Who are you?" Dare to be so rude? "

At that time, Li Bai wrote a strange confession with a pen There is no name or place of origin on it, only: "I once wiped my mouth with the emperor's handkerchief;" The emperor personally prepared soup for me; Yang holds the inkstone for me; Gao Lishi took off my boots for me; I can still ride a horse in front of the emperor, but I can't ride a donkey in front of Huayin County. " Surprised and ashamed, the county magistrate bowed to Li Bai and said, "I don't know that Hanlin is here. It's disrespectful!"

Li Bai laughed loudly, got on the donkey and continued to travel around the world.

In the first year of Tang Suzong, Li Bai, who was in his sixties, was still riding a donkey around the world. One day, he was walking on his way to Jinling. The hot weather made him very thirsty. Suddenly, he saw a small flag in front of a house with the word "Jia vinegar" written on it. Li Bai arrived at the door and saw a vinegar shop. He thinks it's good to drink vinegar to quench his thirst instead of wine. ?

Li Bai tied the donkey to a tree and walked slowly into the shop. At first glance, there was already a man sitting in the shop, dressed like a seven-product sesame official. Li Bai ignored him, went straight to the counter and said to the store:

One bite and one ding, there are temples in the bamboo forest, but no monks.

A woman with a son was born on 2 1.

The shopkeeper is a lost scholar. As soon as he heard it, he knew it was a poem riddle. After a while, he figured out that the answer was "what a good vinegar". So he smiled and replied: "This is Shanxi old vinegar, which is a good product in the north. Guests can try it! "

Li Bai is very happy. The vinegar shop met a bosom friend and chatted with the store owner while drinking. After a while, Li Bai finished drinking vinegar, returned the vinegar pot to the store and said:

There are no birds in the goose mountain, and everyone loves women in the west.

Take a big sip and swallow a small sip, but you can't drink three drops of water.

The store immediately figured out that the answer was "I want to go back" and said goodbye to Li Bai. "Guest, I wish you a safe journey!" Li Bai nodded and smiled. "Thank you!"

The magistrate saw Li Bai talking and laughing with the shopkeeper from the time he entered the store to the time he left. He didn't understand what he said, but he couldn't stand ignoring him. Seeing that Li Bai turned to go out, he stood up and shouted, "Wait a minute, who are you?" How dare you chew on words in front of me! "

Li Bai turned to say:

The beans are at the foot of the mountain, the moon is hanging in the sky,

I can't find wood when I'm firewood. Wang Li is a family.

Say that finish, take off the donkey and ride, and roared off.

Li Bai has gone out of sight, and the county magistrate is still thinking about this poem.

The shopkeeper knew in his heart that it was "outrageous" and pretended not to understand, so that the county official could figure it out!

Enjoy 1

These three poems about Li Bai, Qing Ping Diao, are one of the most popular and famous poems created by Li Bai during his stay in Chang 'an. According to legend, during the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, many precious peonies were planted in the palace next to Chenxiang Temple in the east of Xingqing Pool. When the flowers bloom, they are purple, light red and all white, which looks beautiful. One day, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty rode his beloved white horse, Yang Taizhen, that is, Yang Guifei, to enjoy the flowers together and brought the most famous musician in the palace at that time, that is, the famous Li Guinian. Li Guinian saw that the emperor and Yang Yuhuan were enjoying flowers with great interest, so he asked his disciples in the pear garden to take out musical instruments and prepare to play music and dance to entertain the emperor and the imperial concubine. However, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty said, "How can you always listen to these old songs when you enjoy flowers and love your concubine?" So academician Li Bai was called into the palace. After a little thinking, Li Bai had an idea. He quickly wrote three poems "Qing Ping Diao" on Jinhua stationery, which was very satisfactory to Tang Xuanzong. Then the disciples of Liyuan played the silk and bamboo and sang. Yang Guifei took the glass Qibao Cup and poured the grapes and wine from the tribute in Xiliang Prefecture. After drinking wine and listening to perfect music, Yang Guifei bowed and thanked Tang Xuanzong. This legendary story from The Biography of Yang Taizhen may contain many exaggerated and fictional elements. But there is no doubt that although there are countless poems describing women around the emperor in history, few of them can be loved by the parties and praised by future generations, and the most famous one is probably Li Bai's "Sanqingpingdiao".

Li Bai has an extremely accurate grasp of the specific theme of his being called into the palace this time, that is, he grasped the special psychology of Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty at that time and cut in from the specific angle of "appreciating flowers and loving princesses", thus making the whole poem seem to be comfortable in conception and rhetoric. However, it is by no means easy to think so thoroughly in advance when creating. First of all, this is due to Li Bai's innate temperament of "treating it like dirt and playing it a thousand times (sound left) as a friend". Zhao Yi, a Qing Dynasty man, put it well: "It's no different from lying drunk in Chang 'an before the flowers bloom and after the moon falls" (The Original Poem). Li Bai was originally called to Chang 'an and Xijing with a cavity of ambition. "Go out and laugh in the sky, are we Artemisia people?" ("Nanling children don't go to Beijing"). He thought that he could realize his great political ideal of "making the atlas big and the sea and the county clear" when he arrived in the capital this time, but what he never expected was that Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty only regarded him as an ornament of peace and prosperity, so Li Bai felt very painful and lost in his heart for this imposed role of royal literati. Du Fu once vividly described Li Bai's dissolute life when he was drunk in Chang 'an in the poem Song of Drinking Eight Immortals: "Li Bai wrote hundreds of poems about fighting wine, but Chang 'an went to sleep in a restaurant. The emperor called instead of getting on the boat, claiming that the minister was Brewmaster. " Li Bai has a special identity and natural pride as an "academician". Even in front of the emperor and the imperial concubine, he has always been unhurried and supercilious. Only in this way can he be less busy and confused in the face of this instant creation that he has no preparation in advance and can only write well and can't write badly. Because the emperor was in high spirits at this time, the imperial concubine was waiting. If it were anyone else, I'm afraid I'd just have to write a general article about the situation and have a job. Therefore, the most important thing about the poem "Qing Ping Diao" is that it is easy to conceive, unique in conception, well prepared and quick in thinking, which is also a valuable place that ordinary people can't catch up with.

Three poems have been written in this group, and the first one is the best. "The cloud wants clothes and flowers, and the spring breeze blows Revlon. If it weren't for Yushantou, I would meet Yaotai under the moon. " Among them, the most magical thing is the beginning of "clouds need clothes, flowers need capacity", and all ideas and ideas are gradually developed from this sentence. The word "Xiang" in the sentence turns reality into fiction, and the combination of reality and fiction skillfully connects the most proud "famous flower" with "love princess". The colorful clouds in the sky are like the graceful dresses of the imperial concubine, and the peony in front of us is like the beauty of the imperial concubine, the blooming peony and the beautiful concubine, which is called "national beauty and fragrance". Since the first sentence is two strokes and flowers are a metaphor for people, then the next poem is naturally flowers, and each sentence reads "Spring breeze blows the sill, flowers bloom and flowers fall", but which sentence can be clearly stated, in the bright spring breeze, under the pavilion sill, it is the peony in full bloom, full of infinite life charm, showing the wonderful pen of creation, which makes Tang Xuanzong fascinated. Or a charming beauty? Or are the two complementary and competitive? This is really a combination of beauty and fun. No wonder Tang Xuanzong said, "You can't always listen to old songs when you enjoy flowers and love your concubine!" And it is not difficult for us to imagine the artistic effect of this flower imitation technique on that particular occasion with twice the result with half the effort. Imagine that if this poem is not written like Li Bai, but directly depicts the beauty of peony and Yang Yuhuan, then even if it is very long and vivid, I am afraid that compared with this poem, it will be superfluous and thankless in the end. The next two sentences, the author can't stop, simply put down the pen and ink, in one go: "If it weren't for the Yushan group, I would see Yaotai under the moon." It's still a metaphor, but it's just divorced from the actual scenery in front of us and transformed into the fairy land in the sky and the place where a group of Yushan and the Queen Mother live. It is said that the mountain is rich in beautiful jade, which is famous for it; It is said that Yaotai on Kunlun Mountain is also the fairy palace of the Queen Mother.

Answer supplement

The second song is "a piece of red dew condenses fragrance, and sex is ruined." Who looks like Han Palace? Poor Yan Fei leans on her new makeup. "The first sentence not only depicts the gorgeous color of peony, but also further depicts its charm with the words' Luningxiang'. After careful understanding, it seems to be more subtle than the last one, Revlon. We know that no matter how good a flower is, it has a process from budding to blooming and then dying, and "dew fragrance" is the most brilliant stage in her life, so it is more and more loved and cherished by people. This kind of flower is the best, and the stunner among people is 100 times stronger than the legendary Wushan Yu Yun, which often makes people dream but can't be reached. " King Xiang of Chu did not realize his desire, but in the end, the so-called Wushan nature was nothing but nothingness and nothingness.

Answer supplement

Indeed, the goddess in the dream of the king of Chu can't compare with the beauty in front of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty. She can see and feel, and she can see better than the ancients and now. What else can a person ask for? Then, Li Bai used an anecdote as enviable as Wushan Yunyu. Zhao in the palace of Emperor Hancheng is a stunning beauty. It is said that she is as light as a swallow and can dance on the plates held by people. However, her beauty still depends on heavy makeup, and she dares to face you. Where is Yang Yuhuan's "natural beauty" without makeup? This second poem not only pays attention to legends, but also pays attention to history, which convincingly shows that Yang Yuhuan is really the first beauty in the world, and Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty is of course the happiest son of heaven in the world.

Answer supplement

The third poem is the last poem in this group. Naturally, it takes a lot of effort to arrange the layout and even order the questions, so we returned to the present reality from fairyland. "Famous flowers fall in love and laugh like kings." Li Bai here no longer borrows metaphors, legends, myths and other techniques, but directly puts straight books. Peony is a beautiful flower and Yuhuan is a beautiful country. The poem only started to get to the point here, which led to Yang Yuhuan, but it still uses "two-phase happiness" to compare the blooming peony, because without the blooming peony, there would be no gathering today. The word "look with a smile" integrates Tang Xuanzong into it, making the famous flower beauty and Kao one, one integrated mass and indispensable. As we all know, if there is no king's love and favor, whether it is flowers or flowers, how can it be so beautiful and decent? "It shows that the spring breeze is infinitely hateful, and the agarwood pavilion is northward." The word spring breeze can always be used as a synonym for king, so here is another pun. Chenxiang Temple is to the east of Longchi in Xingqing Palace. The meaning of this sentence is that no matter how much trouble the king has in his heart, as long as he comes to the Peony Garden next to Chenxiang Temple with his imperial concubine, it will disappear without a trace. People are listless, flowers are outside the aperture, spring breeze is blowing, and silk and bamboo are in their ears. How romantic and enviable.

Answer supplement

The first song, with seven words added: "Clouds need clothes, flowers need capacity", makes Yang Fei's clothes look like clothes and feathers, surrounded by her plump jade capacity. The word "Xiang" has both positive and negative understandings. It can be said that when you see clouds, you think of clothes, and when you see flowers, you think of looks. It can also be said that you think of clothes as clouds and looks as flowers, so the interaction is uneven, and the seven words give people a feeling of flowers. Next, "the spring breeze blows the sill to show the flowers", and the beauty of peony flowers is more colorful in the crystal dew, which makes the above sentence more full. At the same time, the wind dew symbolizes the grace of the king and makes the painted face more spiritual. Below, the poet's imagination suddenly rose to the Yushan and Yaotai groups where the Queen Mother of the West lived in heaven. If it weren't for "meeting" and "meeting", the poet pretended to choose, and he would surely see such a beautiful face only in fairyland! Yushan, Yaotai and moonlight, with simple words, set off a beautiful face, which naturally reminds people of a person as white as jade and a warm white peony flower. At the same time, the poet did not show any trace, and compared Yang Fei to a fairy, which was really exquisite.

Answer supplement

The second song begins with the sentence "a piece of red dew condenses fragrance", which writes both color and fragrance; Not only the natural beauty, but also the dew beauty, which is a step further than the previous Revlon. With the story of the King of Chu, "The Nature of Wushan Rain Wasted Heartbroken" humanized the flowers in the previous sentence, pointing out that the King of Chu was a goddess heartbroken, but in fact, the goddess in the dream could not get the present beauty! After that, Zhao, the queen of Emperor Han Chengdi, was a peerless beauty, but Zhao still had to rely on new makeup. Those who looked like beauties in front of her eyes did not need makeup, which was naturally amazing. This song also respects the topic by depressing the goddess and the flying swallow and raising Yang Fei. According to legend, Zhao is light and can dance in the crystal plate held by imperial secretary, while he is relatively fat, with the inherent saying that "the ring is fat and thin" (Yang Guifei's real name is Yuhuan). Later generations fabricated the facts accordingly, saying that Yang Fei liked these three poems very much and often recited them. Gao Lishi thought it was a great insult, because Li Bai had ordered him to take off his boots. He called Yang Fei a great shame, saying that Li Bai had despised Fei Yang's fat with the thinness of swallows and her fornication with swallows, and her palace was a mess. If there is such a meaning in Li Bai's poems, first of all, he can't escape from Xuanzong, who has knowledge and culture, and Yang Fei is not a man without cultural accomplishment. According to the original poem, it is obviously impossible to suppress the ancient and respect the present and forcibly misinterpret it.

Answer supplement

The third song returns to reality from the fairyland ancients. The first two sentences, "Famous flowers pour over the country and care for each other, which makes the king smile." The beauty in "Pour Out the Country" refers to Yang Fei, of course. The poem only points out here that the peony and "dumping the country" and "dumping the country" are combined into one, and the words "smiling and looking" are unified, so that the peony, Yang Fei and Xuanzong are integrated. Because of the "laugh" in the second sentence, the "show infinite hatred for the spring breeze" in the third sentence was aroused. The word "spring breeze" is synonymous with the king. This sentence makes the moving beauty of peony full of interest, and the king laughs. Of course, there is no hate, and the hate is relieved. At the end of last year, the place where Yang Fei enjoyed flowers was "Chenxiang Temple North". How elegant and romantic it is for people to lean on the flowers outside the diaphragm.

Answer supplement

These three poems are rich in language and words, and the most prominent thing is to write flowers and people together, such as "the cloud wants clothes and flowers to look good", as if writing flowers and faces. "A red dew condenses fragrance" is also a mixture of people and things, referring to this and that. After reading these three poems, if you feel that the spring breeze is full of paper, the flowers are full of eyes and the face is blurred, you don't need to portray it. Naturally, people think that this is a peony, a beautiful jade, and nothing else. No wonder these three poems were deeply appreciated by Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty at that time.