What are the characteristics of old Beijing folk customs?

There are countless ancient customs in old Beijing, among which folk industrial activities have a unique flavor. Besides, seventy-two lines in old Beijing, blowing sugar and playing tricks. It is still circulating in the streets, but most of it has been forgotten, and some people have never heard of it. Now, let's go to the quaint hutongs and feel the industry of old Beijing. Festival Folklore in Beijing 1, Spring Festival in Old Beijing

On the first day of New Year's greetings, only men, Buddhist temples, heaven and earth tables, places for ancestor worship, gods of heaven and earth tables, Buddha statues, ancestral tablets and elders kowtowed.

2. Laba in old Beijing

Old Beijingers have always regarded Laba as a signal of "New Year's Eve". In particular, merchants began to post accounts, ready to ask for accounts, so people made a pun: "the messenger's Laba porridge." In folk laba porridge, besides offering sacrifices to Buddha, it is mainly used as a mutual gift between relatives and friends. Secondly, it is Lili Lala Twenty-three for your own amusement. However, those who are "disciplined" mourn for their relatives and do not cook porridge.

3. Dragon Boat Festival in old Beijing

Sacrifice to the gods and ancestors to commemorate the sages, hang calamus and insert wormwood leaves to prevent plague and avoid disasters. The most exquisite sacrifices are rose cakes and yellow rice jujube zongzi, wearing colorful zongzi to pray for longevity and sticking gourd flowers to break the "five poisons"

4. Old Beijing Chongyang

During the Double Ninth Festival, old Beijingers often celebrate by climbing mountains, wearing dogwoods, enjoying chrysanthemums, drinking chrysanthemum wine, eating flower cakes, eating barbecues, boiling mutton and chanting poems to pray for safety and health. These customs have also been passed down to this day. Eating flower cakes is essential for the Double Ninth Festival in old Beijing.

5. Mid-Autumn Festival in old Beijing

The Mid-Autumn Festival in old Beijing is very lively. Yue Bai enjoys the moon, plays with it, drinks reunion wine, eats reunion cakes, and Beijing children dress up as male prostitutes. According to folklore experts, every family in old Beijing should set up a Yue Bai station to offer sacrifices.

6. Spring Festival in old Beijing

Beginning of spring is also called "Da Chun", "beginning of spring" and "beginning of spring". This festival, like many festivals, has many folk customs, such as the celebration of welcoming spring and shooting cows in spring, as well as the custom of eating spring cakes, spring vegetables and radishes. Since the Zhou Dynasty, celebrating the Spring Festival in spring is an important activity of our ancestors, and it is also a ceremony for emperors and ordinary people to celebrate the Spring Festival.

Beijing food customs 1, table culture

In old Beijing, under the influence of society, economy, habits and environment, different families have formed their own dining table culture. Many families are very particular about dining etiquette, such as "family banquet", "guest banquet" and "informal banquet". In the long years, they gradually embodied the values of old Beijing, and consciously or unconsciously constructed a table with "ceremony" and "informal banquet"

2. Spring pancake

Beijing folk food, a kind of pancake, is also called pancake. Every year in beginning of spring, Beijingers eat spring cakes, which is called "biting spring". The second day of the second lunar month is the day when dragons look up. There is an old saying in China. On this day, Beijingers also eat spring cakes, which is called "eating Longlin". Spring cakes are bigger than roast duck pancakes, and they are tough (Beijingers call them "strong gluten") because they have to roll a lot of dishes before they can be eaten.

3. Dietary customs in Tomb-Sweeping Day

Qing Tuan, Zongzi, Qingming snail, black rice, moist cake dish, bacon cheese doughnut, steamed bread.

4. Eating habits in dog days

There is a popular saying in old Beijing: "jiaozi is lying on his head, and pancakes are spread on his feet." It's about the food folk custom that every family in old Beijing abides by for a few days. Beijingers love to eat jiaozi all year round. In Futian, the varieties and fillings of jiaozi are also varied, including boiled jiaozi, instant noodles jiaozi, fried jiaozi and fried jiaozi.

5. The custom of "eating autumn"

Old Beijingers in our 49 cities have the custom of "eating autumn" after autumn, and there is also a folk saying that "beginning of autumn stewed meat". Generally, people in the middle and lower classes pay attention to "eating fresh children in autumn". They think that eating new grain and eating new fruits and vegetables is the most nutritious. Braised pork, braised fish, stewed chicken and duck and other meat dishes rich in protein are often cooked by wealthy quadrangles after autumn.

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Beijing cultural customs 1, Peking Opera

Beijing Opera, known as the quintessence of China, has a history of more than 200 years. Its predecessor was Hui Diao, commonly known as Pihuang Opera. In the performance, both singing and dancing are emphasized, martial arts skills are integrated, and virtual movements with strong rhythm are used to create many programmed performance movements. Pay attention to enunciation when singing. Recitation is musical. It has gradually formed a complete artistic style and performance system in singing, reading, doing and playing. Beijing opera can be divided into life, Dan, Jing and Ugly. With Jinghu, Erhu, Qin Yue, Sanxian, flute, suona and drums, gongs, cymbals and other musical instruments.

2. Shadow play

The early shadow play in Beijing was divided into two factions, the East and the West, and the only shadow play left in the West was formed in the Zhengde period of the Ming Dynasty. Shadow play in Beijing has been formed for a long time, with unique forms of expression and artistic characteristics different from those in other regions. Mainly in the performance, vocal cavity, modeling and many other differences. Beijing shadow play has long been dominated by Beijing singing, so her performance is more prominent, delicate and exaggerated.

3, nursery rhymes

There are two main ways to inherit Beijing nursery rhymes: written literature inheritance and oral inheritance. Nursery rhymes are widely sung among children and have strong local characteristics. Nursery rhymes are the treasure of human oral culture, with simple language and strong philosophy. They have accumulated the excellent national culture and rich educational content of the motherland. Nursery rhymes are a summary of people's experience in production and life. They come from life and are easily accepted by people. They have been widely circulated among the people for thousands of years.

4. The art of wrestling

Wan Baye's apprentice Bao (1900— 1965) set up a wrestling ground in Tianqiao, Beijing in the 1920s, and created his own unique wrestling art: it was active in the late Republic of China and the early days of the People's Republic of China with its unique wrestling art mode of flexibility, graceful figure, humorous explanation, combination of civil and military and Chinese complications. As an excellent national cultural heritage, Tianqiao wrestling not only has folk custom, art, sports, culture, society, history and other values, but also shows China's unique folk wrestling art by combining with Zhongyu.

Step 5 sell

The peddling of old Beijing is a folk culture formed by people engaged in commercial activities in Beijing in the old days in order to peddle goods and provide paid services in hutongs and streets.

Step 6 get together by chance

Beijing Pingju can be divided into West Road and East Road. West Road Pingju evolved from West Road Lotus Waterfall and Ten Ends, and formed around 1900, which is called West Road Bouncing. Since East Road Pingju entered Beijing in 1930s, West Road Pingju gradually declined. At present, there is no professional performing group, and only a dozen kinds of vocals, such as Great Tragedy, Little Tragedy and Toad, are circulated, and there are only a handful of inheritors.

7. Tell stories

Beijing storytelling is the main body of northern storytelling, which was formed in Beijing and prevailed in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei and northeast provinces. The performance form of early Beijing storytelling was a person sitting behind a desk, with folding fans and awakening wood as props and wearing a gown. In the middle of last century, it gradually became a standing performance, and clothes were no longer fixed.

8. Qin Shu

"Beijing Qin Shu" is a representative school of Beijing drum music art. It is "speak like a singer, sing like a singer", and uses spoken language in singing, which highlights Beijing dialect. The board type is fast, slow, vertical and scattered, which greatly enriches the performance and singing effect. It is deeply loved by everyone and has high academic and educational value.

Etiquette and custom in old Beijing 1, social etiquette

In the old days, Beijingers should bring gifts when visiting relatives and friends, and pay attention to giving "eight Beijing pieces", namely "big eight pieces" and "small eight pieces". There are guests at home, so we need to wash tea sets and make new tea for them. Generally speaking, inviting guests to eat noodles (Lamian Noodles or fishing noodles) is to show that they can stay for a long time.

2. Marriage customs

The marriage customs of Beijingers are divided into Manchu and Han. The wedding etiquette of the Han nationality is different from the old one. A new floating band, Bow and Bow; Old-fashioned deacons used sedan chairs to drum music and bow down.

Step 3 have a baby

Parenting in old Beijing contains many Manchu customs. In old Beijing, we all know the important position of "descendants of the empress" and "sending the son to the empress" among "nuns". Many families (regardless of Qi Han) worship this empress at home. Manchu people don't believe in Buddhism, but they have maintained Sama belief since ancient times. "Grasping Zhou" is an ancient tradition of Cha nationality, but Manchu has no such custom. The original custom of Manchu was to give birth to boys hanging bows and arrows at the door, and at the age of one, they didn't catch anything.

4. Great coat and necromancer

A big burial is to formally bury the body of the deceased in a coffin. After the coffin was closed, the relatives and the dead would never see each other again. According to the teachings of Buddhism and Taoism, there is a custom of stopping spirits in Beijing. The longest time to stay awake is 7749 days, and it takes at least three days. Buddhism must be done during meditation. Every seventh day, we should do things, entertain relatives and friends who come to mourn and prepare banquets.

Step 5 worship the land

The activity of offering sacrifices to the land originated in ancient times. According to written records, it has a history of more than 4,000 years in China (historical records include: May in summer, June in Shang Dynasty, and summer solstice in Zhou Dynasty).

Folk traditional handicrafts 1, flower arrangement

Traditional flower arrangement can be divided into four types according to the creative crowd: folk flower arrangement, temple flower arrangement, court flower arrangement and literati flower arrangement. The main containers are bottles, plates, bowls, baskets, tubes and tubes, which are composed of flower materials, containers, flower arrangements, several frames, mats and accessories.

2, dough modeling

Face people are commonly known as face people and Jiangmi people. In history, there are folk customs such as kneading "moon cakes" and "noodle fish" with flour on holidays, which has produced the art of dough sculpture. Beijing dough sculpture art has been inherited and developed by several generations of folk artists, absorbed the essence of other arts, learned from others, and constantly explored, and gradually formed a dough sculpture art school with Beijing characteristics. "Mianrenlang" is one of the schools.

3. Folk toys

Rattle: One of the most traditional and oldest toys in China. According to historical records, it was published as early as the Zhou Dynasty. It is still loved by people today. Bristle Man: Made of clay, straw, cotton, colorful clothes and bristles. The maned men are about 9 cm tall, and they all take the characters in shadow play and Beijing opera as roles and create different images.

4. Folk stunts

Paper-cutting, silk figures, eggs, clay sculptures, kites? Many traditional folk skills in old Beijing are the pride of Beijingers and the most distinctive symbol of China, allowing people to see the original Beijing.

5, hairy monkey

The hairy monkey is surrounded by traditional Chinese medicine. Its limbs are cicada's limbs, and its body is another kind of Chinese medicine-Flos Magnoliae, that is, the flower bone flower formed by Mulan in autumn, with a dense layer of taupe fluff on its surface, which is a coat to protect flowers from winter. When winter goes and spring comes, the fluff gradually recedes, and the flowers and bones slowly grow into beautiful magnolia flowers. This kind of hairy bone flower is very similar to the body of a hairy monkey, which is really wonderful.

Old Beijing Business 1, smoking pea cakes

Stew peas with skin, rub them into soft mud, pile them up, and then sell them to children in the street, called "pea cake" Children buy pea cakes, not buy them, but "smoke pea cakes"

Step 2 play with mice

The juggling mouse carries a small wooden box with trained mice in it. Blow locks along the street.

Step 3 sell estimated clothing

There are clothing evaluation shops in Beijing, clothing evaluation shops around Tianqiao and clothing evaluation stalls in various temple fairs. The so-called clothing evaluation, that is, 70% to 80% new old clothes, should also be counted as clothing evaluation when clothes that have just been made and not yet worn are sold in clothing evaluation shops, commonly known as "scissors are clothing evaluation".

Step 4 sing drum books

Drum writing is a common folk art form in the north in the past. It became popular in Northeast China in the late Qing Dynasty.

5. Ring barrel

Hoop barrels are not made of wooden barrels, but are re-fixed and repaired with lead coils. Their skills mainly lie in "hoop" rather than "doing", and of course they also have the basic skills of carpentry.

6. Sugar Blower

Among the vendors in Beijing, the sugar blower is the most popular among children. Vendors who blow sugar people should not only have the ability to knead sugar people, but also have the ability to show their spirits and blow hard.

Step 7 shave your head and sleep

People who shave their heads every day and have sore bones and muscles sit on high stools, and people who shave their heads lie on their legs, feeling extremely happy.

8. Drive a dry boat

China Han folk dance. Widely circulated, mostly performed in the New Year Festival.

9. Please sit down.

Make a reed mat with string, cover it with purlin when building the house, and then cover it with mud.

10, betel nut seller

The method of making betel nut cake is to add sliced betel nut when boiling sugar, and then make it into small pieces for sale.

1 1, selling glazed speakers.

Glass trumpets are toys sold by factories during temple fairs or Spring Festival.

12, ice bed

The winter ice in Beijing has added a lot of fun and convenience to people, that is, skating and ice beds. Skating is an ancient ice sport.