Is there a difference between red soil and latosol? Tell me about the distribution and suitable crops.

There are differences. Their composition and structure are different.

I. Red soil

Red soil is soil developed in tropical and subtropical rain forests, monsoon forest or evergreen broad-leaved forests. Its main feature is the lack of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, but rich in iron and aluminum oxides, showing acid red color. Red soil is also called red soil. There are many four-coordinated and six-coordinated metal compounds in red soil, including iron compounds and aluminum compounds. Iron compounds in red soil often include limonite and hematite, especially hematite. Many compounds are washed away when rain washes away. Iron oxide (aluminum) is the most difficult to dissolve (the solubility is 10-30 power), but it will coat clay particles layer by layer in the crystallization process to form particle clusters, which are not easily destroyed by rain. Therefore, red soil develops well under the erosion of rain. Red soil is a zonal red soil distributed in humid areas in the middle subtropical zone of China, and belongs to moderately desiliconized and aluminized iron-aluminum soil. Red soil usually has a deep red soil layer with obvious reticulate layer. Kaolinite is the main clay mineral with low acidity and low alkali saturation. Red loam is divided into 5 sub-categories, and there are 3 sub-categories in this area. Red soil subclasses have typical soil characteristics and the largest distribution area; The yellow-red soil subclass is a transitional type to yellow soil, which is distributed in the vertical zone of mountains in this area, followed by the red soil subclass and the yellow loam subclass. Red soil subclass is a kind of red soil with poor profile, which is mainly distributed in hilly and mountainous areas with strong red soil erosion, and is more distributed in Xingguo area of Jiangxi and southeastern Fujian. Mainly distributed in the low latitudes of Africa, Asia, Oceania, South America and North America, roughly limited to 30 degrees north and south latitude, common in tropical rainforests. Soil similar to red soil is also found in Europe, especially in the eastern Mediterranean and the Balkans. East Asia starts from the Yangtze River in the north, reaches the South China Sea Islands and Nanyang Islands in the south, reaches Taiwan Province Province in the east, and reaches Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau and Hengduan Mountains in the west, which is an important distribution area of red soil.

The rainfall in red soil area is large and concentrated, sometimes it can be as high as 200-300mm. When the ground cover is poor, heavy rain will cause strong soil erosion. For example, the annual average temperature 15 ~ 25℃ in red soil areas in China, the accumulated temperature ≥ 10℃ is 4500 ~ 9500℃, the maximum Leng Yue temperature is 2 ~ 15℃, and the hottest monthly temperature is 28 ~ 38℃. Annual rainfall1200 ~ 2500mm; Winter is warm and dry, summer is hot and humid, and it is obvious in dry and wet seasons.

Red soil is a good soil for growing citrus. Red soil in China is mainly distributed in hilly areas south of the Yangtze River, including most of Jiangxi and Hunan, southeastern Yunnan and Hubei, northern Guangdong and Fujian, parts of Guizhou, Sichuan, Zhejiang, Anhui and Jiangsu, and southern Tibet. Red soil is an acidic-strong acid reaction. The supply of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in hilly red soil is generally insufficient, and the content of available calcium and magnesium is also low, and boron and molybdenum are also poor. And often due to the lack of trace element zinc, citrus will appear "mosaic" phenomenon. Red soil can usually be planted with rice, tea, silk, sugar cane,

The mountainous area is also suitable for planting economic trees such as fir, tung tree, citrus, bamboo and palm. The strong acidity and high viscosity of red soil are unfavorable factors for the utilization of red soil. The fertility of red soil can be improved by applying more organic fertilizer, appropriate amount of lime and supplementing phosphorus fertilizer to prevent red soil erosion.

In view of the low organic content of red soil, green manure can be planted to improve the organic content and nitrogen fertility of red soil. There is a general shortage of available phosphorus in red soil, so increasing the application amount of phosphate fertilizer and improving the utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer are important measures to increase agricultural production. Applying lime to red soil can generally get good results.

Second, latosol

Latosol is a deep red soil developed by intense aluminization and biological enrichment in tropical rain forest or tropical monsoon climate in monsoon forest, so it is named because the soil color is similar to burning red bricks. Latosol is strongly acidic Fe-Al soil with litter layer, dark reddish-brown surface layer and brownish-red (10R5/6) Fe-Al residual B layer. However, latosol developed from basalt in Leizhou Peninsula and northern Hainan Island in China is dark red. The soil layer is deep, the texture is sticky, and the clay content is as high as 60%, which is acidic to strong acid reaction.

Topsoil of latosol is grayish brown due to its strong bioaccumulation, with a thickness of more than 15 ~ 30cm and an organic matter content of 8 ~ 10%. However, mineralization is also strong, and the molecular structure of humus formed is relatively simple, mostly simple humic acid rich in aluminum. It is characterized by large dispersion, small flocculation and unstable aggregates.

Distribution: Latosol is zonal soil in the southernmost tropical rain forest or monsoon forest in China. Latosol in China is mainly distributed in Hainan Island and Guangdong Leizhou Peninsula, Haikang, North Shore of Qinzhou Bay, Suixi, Lianjiang, Xuwen and other counties, as well as in the suburbs of Zhanjiang, the low hilly valley in southern Yunnan (such as tropical zone in Xishuangbanna) and the southernmost tropical rain forest and monsoon forest in Taiwan Province Province, generally distributed horizontally in low mountains, hills, gentle slope platforms and terraces south of 22 degrees north latitude. Vertical distribution is below 450 meters in Hainan and below 800 ~ 1000 meters in southern Yunnan.

Vegetation: The original vegetation is tropical rain forest or monsoon forest, with diverse tree species and dense crown. Climbing plants and epiphytes in the forest are well developed, and there is a phenomenon of flowering with roots and old stems.