What is the principle of diabetes diet therapy?

At present, Chinese and foreign medical experts agree that the diet of diabetic patients should be high in sugar and low in fat. In addition, Chinese medicine requires diabetic patients to have a comprehensive, diversified and nutritious diet. Therefore, dietotherapy must follow the following principles: (1) Dietary nutrition should be comprehensive, not partial eclipse. In addition to the heat energy needed by the body, we should also consider the heat energy needed by labor and activities. So be sure to eat enough calories and necessary nutrients. Besides sugar, fat and protein, vitamins, minerals (electrolytes) and trace elements should be supplemented in the diet.

(2) It varies from person to person. Different patients adopt different methods and requirements. For patients with type II diabetes, the first task is to lose weight and reduce the intake of heat energy in the diet. Adhere to strict diet control and give a low-calorie diet to lose weight and reach the standard weight. For patients with type I diabetes, especially those who are thin, the dietary restrictions can be relaxed appropriately, and their carbohydrates should not be too low to ensure normal growth and development and achieve ideal weight. At the same time, we should also master the relationship between diet and insulin and activity. Adjust the dosage of insulin, diet and meal times flexibly according to the increase or decrease of activity.

(3) Strictly calculate the total calories required by diabetic patients every day, and there is no need to limit sugar. Distribute your diet regularly and quantitatively according to the total calories, and don't increase your diet at will. At the same time, we should also pay attention to eating less and more meals, and eat in different periods. In particular, patients with type I diabetes treated with insulin should have regular meals, which can be divided into 4 ~ 5 times, on the premise of constant total calories.

(4) Diabetic patients should eat less or not eat fruit. Because fruit contains more carbohydrates, mainly glucose, sucrose and starch. Fast absorption after eating will lead to high blood sugar, but fruit contains more pectin, which can delay the absorption of glucose, so you can eat less when your condition is stable. Eating fruit should be based on the principle of low sugar, and at the same time, calculate its heat energy according to its sugar content, and then convert it into staple food, reduce or deduct the amount of staple food, and keep the total heat unchanged. Fruit should not be eaten at every meal, and it is generally considered that it is more appropriate to eat a small amount between meals (when blood sugar drops).

(5) Increase dietary fiber and delay the absorption of glucose. Appropriately increase the fiber content in food, and try to use some foods with slow absorption to delay the absorption of glucose, which is conducive to the recovery of diabetes. Unless the condition requires or hypoglycemia occurs, generally do not use sugar food that absorbs quickly to prevent the blood sugar from rising rapidly.

(6) Reasonably adjust the proportion of three nutrients to meet the needs of diseases. Reasonable arrangement and adjustment of the proportion of sugar, fat and protein in the diet is generally based on protein 15%, fat 20% ~ 25% and sugar 60% ~ 70%. Strictly control animal fat to avoid vascular complications such as atherosclerosis. Protein should be adequate and carbohydrate intake should be relaxed appropriately. Generally speaking, it advocates a diet with high sugar, low fat, enough protein and rich fiber.