Combined with the plan of Chang 'an in the seventh grade history books, this paper talks about the characteristics of the capital of the Western Han Dynasty.

Chang 'an City in Han Dynasty was mainly composed of royal palaces and their ancillary facilities, which highlighted the nature of serving emperors, nobles and bureaucrats and reflected the characteristics of China's early capital.

The plane of Chang 'an City in the Western Han Dynasty is irregular, the east wall is straight, and the other three walls are tortuous with the terrain and canals. According to the actual measurement, the circumference is more than 25 kilometers, and it is about 62 miles strong in Han Dynasty. There are trenches dug outside the city. There are three doors on each wall, from north to south, with Xuanping Gate, Qingming Gate and Bacheng Gate on the east wall, Yong Men Gate, Zhicheng Gate and Zhangcheng Gate on the west wall, Luocheng Gate, Kitchen Gate and Hengmen on the north wall, and Anmen and Xi Anmen on the south wall from east to west. The excavation confirmed that each door has three doorways, each of which is 6 meters wide and can accommodate four tracks. The four gates of Bacheng, Fuang, Xi 'an and Zhangcheng are opposite to Changle and Weiyang Palace, and the other eight gates are connected with a straight street in the city. Each street is divided into three parallel roads, the middle of which is the lane dedicated to the emperor, and the roads on both sides are for officials and people to walk. The Journey to the West in Bangu refers to the roads and gates of Chang 'an.

The distribution of palaces in Chang 'an City in Han Dynasty accounted for 2/3 of the whole city area. Changle Palace is located in the southeast of the city. Emperor Gaozu was a place of listening to politics, and Emperor Huidi later became the palace of the Empress Dowager, accounting for 1/6 of the city's area. Weiyang Palace in the southwest of the city is the meeting place, covering an area of 1/7 of the whole city. Its front hall is magnificent, its base is 350 meters long from north to south and 200 meters wide from east to west, and now it is about 15 meters high. There is a noble mansion near the North Que of Weiyang Palace, which is called the North Que Jiadi. Gui Palace is located in the north of Weiyang Palace, facing the palace across the city in the west. A plane rectangle with a circumference of 5300 meters. There is Gong Bei to the east of your palace, and Mingguang Palace to the north of Changle Palace. There is an armory between Changle Palace and Weiyang Palace, which has a rectangular plane and contains seven warehouses. The warehouse was divided into several rooms by rammed walls for placing wooden weapon racks. The stone base, copper and iron weapons and armor of the weapon rack have been excavated.

The industrial and commercial areas in the city are concentrated on both sides of Hengmen Street in the northwest corner. According to the literature, there are nine cities. Many Qian Fan and pottery figurines have been found in this area, indicating that there were workshops at that time.