Word for word, pictophonetic characters

Chinese characters form pictophonetic characters

synonym

simplify Chinese characters

Pinyin of Chinese characters

chinese dialects

China branch

One of the oldest languages in the world.

The Times Changes of Ancient Chinese

Middle ancient Chinese

contemporary Chinese language

Oral-origin difference

Development of China

Common related words and their English translation. 19 18 The Phonetic Alphabet of Putonghua promulgated by the Ministry of Education at that time was a set of phonetic symbols made of Chinese characters. Feel it. When using Pinyin, we should keep in mind the matching rules of initials and finals in Mandarin: initials N, L and zero have a combined relationship with open mouth, straight teeth and closed mouth. The initials F, G, K, H, zh, ch, R, Z, C, S only spell open call and closed call. The first letters J, X and Q are only combined with the twenty-five letters of Matteo Ricci and five phonetic symbols to spell out the pronunciation of all Chinese characters. This is a vocabulary of phonetic Chinese characters with Latin letters, and it is also the earliest vocabulary of phonetic Chinese characters with phoneme letters. The scheme used in phonetic notation is modified on the basis of Matteo Ricci's scheme, which is called "Lijin scheme". The appearance of "Likin Scheme" greatly encouraged the phonological scholars in China at that time. These two schemes are the earliest Chinese phonetic schemes, which are written according to the standard of "Putonghua pronunciation" and are suitable for spelling Beijing pronunciation. Therefore, the pronunciation of Chinese characters is extremely simple and orderly, which not only opens up a simple way of "opposing its meaning and cutting its meaning", but also immediately arouses the enthusiasm of many domestic phonologists for this simple pinyin writing method. This novel pinyin method has given great enlightenment to China scholars. Fang Yizhi, a phonologist in the late Ming Dynasty, said: "There are also differences in words, that is, the connection between fate and borrowing ears. If things belong to a word, each word has its own meaning, just like Far West is because of the chorus of things. Words composed of sounds are unimportant or * * *, especially? " Yang, a scholar in the Qing Dynasty, said: "Xin Mao lived in Weng's family during the old Jin Wu period, and his son is still in the chapter. He read the book "Western Confucianism with Six Eyes" to show his surplus, but he didn't finish it. He had an epiphany about word cutting, because it might be some way. " However, in two or three hundred years, Matteo Ricci and Giniger's plan was only used by foreign missionaries, but it was not widely spread among the people in China. At the same time, the failure of Esperanto once again proves a truth: writing is not only a communication tool, but also a culture, a long-term psychological and national spirit. If we ignore this point, we will fall into a shallow pragmatic model. The essence of the world is the combination of matter and spirit. If it is very rude to destroy our national culture just for the convenience of communication, the failure of Esperanto once again proves a truth: writing is not only a communication tool, but also a culture, a long-term psychological and national spirit. If we ignore this point, we will fall into a shallow pragmatic model. The essence of the world is the combination of matter and spirit. If it is very impolite to destroy one's own national culture just for the convenience of communication, the failure of Esperanto once again proves a truth: writing is not only a communication tool, but also a culture, a long-term psychological and national spirit. If we ignore this point, we will fall into a shallow pragmatic model. The essence of the world is the combination of matter and spirit. If we say that we will destroy our national culture just for the convenience of communication, it is a very crude materialism, which completely ignores the guiding role of culture itself in the development of a nation. The Latinization of Chinese characters began because the writing of traditional Chinese characters was cumbersome and could not adapt to the efficiency and rhythm of the industrial era. But today, the invention of Chinese character input method has been completed, and the failure of Esperanto once again proves a truth: writing is not only a communication tool, but also a culture, a long-term psychological and national spirit. If we ignore this point, we will fall into a shallow pragmatic model. The essence of the world is the combination of matter and spirit. If we say that we will destroy our national culture just for the convenience of communication, it is a very crude materialism, which completely ignores the guiding role of culture itself in the development of a nation. The Latinization of Chinese characters began because the writing of traditional Chinese characters was cumbersome and could not adapt to the efficiency and rhythm of the industrial era. But today, the invention of Chinese character input method has been completed, and the failure of Esperanto once again proves a truth: writing is not only a communication tool, but also a culture, a long-term psychological and national spirit. If we ignore this point, we will fall into a shallow pragmatic model. The essence of the world is the combination of matter and spirit. If we say that we will destroy our national culture just for the convenience of communication, it is a very crude materialism, which completely ignores the guiding role of culture itself in the development of a nation. The Latinization of Chinese characters began because the writing of traditional Chinese characters was cumbersome and could not adapt to the efficiency and rhythm of the industrial era. But today, the invention of Chinese character input method has been completely solved. At the same time, the failure of Esperanto once again proves a truth: writing is not only a communication tool, but also a culture, a long-term psychological and national spirit. If we ignore this point, we will fall into a shallow pragmatic model. The essence of the world is the combination of material and spirit, because the writing of traditional Chinese characters is cumbersome and not suitable for the efficiency and rhythm of the industrialized era. But today, the invention of 3333333333333333333333333333009987 FGGFFDDDGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG33333333333 Chinese character input method completely solved this problem, and pinyin has actually become one of the most important Chinese character input methods. Therefore, the Latinization of Chinese characters is not only impossible to popularize, but also can never replace Chinese characters. This is just a redundant plan that China people proved afterwards in the early stage of industrialization. At the same time, Pinyin has become one of the most important input methods of Chinese characters, and the input speed is much faster than Latin, which is an unexpected move that Pinyin scheme did not expect at that time. Therefore, the Latinization of Chinese characters is not only impossible to popularize, but also can never replace Chinese characters. This is just a redundant plan that China people proved afterwards in the early stage of industrialization. This problem has been completely solved. At the same time, Pinyin has actually become one of the most important input methods of Chinese characters, and the input speed is much faster than Latin, which was an unexpected move by the people who formulated the Pinyin scheme at that time. Therefore, the Latinization of Chinese characters is not only impossible to popularize, but also can never replace Chinese characters. This is just a redundant plan that China people proved afterwards in the early stage of industrialization. This problem has been completely solved. At the same time, Pinyin has actually become one of the most important input methods of Chinese characters, and the input speed is much faster than Latin, which was an unexpected move by the people who formulated the Pinyin scheme at that time. Therefore, the Latinization of Chinese characters is not only impossible to popularize, but also can never replace Chinese characters. This is just a redundant plan that China people proved afterwards in the early stage of industrialization. Materialism completely ignores the guiding role of culture itself in the development of a nation. The Latinization of Chinese characters began because the writing of traditional Chinese characters was cumbersome and could not adapt to the efficiency and rhythm of the industrial era. But today, the invention of Chinese character input method has completely solved this problem. At the same time, Pinyin has actually become one of the most important input methods of Chinese characters, and the input speed is much faster than Latin, which was an unexpected move that people who worked out the Pinyin scheme at that time did not expect. Therefore, the Latinization of Chinese characters is not only impossible to popularize, but also can never replace Chinese characters. This is just a redundant plan that China people proved afterwards in the early stage of industrialization. Despicable materialism completely ignores the guiding role of culture itself in the development of a nation. The Latinization of Chinese characters began because the writing of traditional Chinese characters was cumbersome and could not adapt to the efficiency and rhythm of the industrial era. But today, the invention of Chinese character input method has completely solved this problem. At the same time, Pinyin has actually become one of the most important input methods of Chinese characters, and the input speed is much faster than Latin, which was an unexpected move that people who worked out the Pinyin scheme at that time did not expect. Therefore, the Latinization of Chinese characters is not only impossible to popularize, but also can never replace Chinese characters. This is just a redundant plan that China people proved afterwards in the early stage of industrialization. Tongya was written in 1639, in which the eyes and ears of western Confucianism were quoted many times. For example, he said, "There are many voices in the western regions, but there is no need in the Central Plains. We must think of Emperor Tan and other children and communicate with the eyes and ears of the west." "There is a dispute about words, that is, the edge is connected with the ear. If things belong to a word, each word has its own meaning. For example, in the distant west, harmony is the most important thing, and words are formed by sound. Not heavy or * * *, special? " Even put forward that "things are consonants, and words are formed by sounds" (this is the germination of Chinese pinyin thought). The missionary's method shocked the phonologists in China, and directly inspired them to seek a better description of the phonetic system of Chinese characters with the help of Western Pinyin. Later, Liu Xianting (Zhuang Ji)' s New Rhyme was written under this stimulus. Qian said that Liu has clearly realized that "phonetics must be used first to analyze phonemes and pay attention to sounds anywhere", while Luo Changpei's "Liu Phonology" thinks that the focus of the book is "focusing on unifying the national language and investigating dialects". Qian even thought that the year when Xin Yun was published (1692) could be regarded as the era of "Mandarin Movement". 1627 was recalled to Hangzhou again, and has been preaching and writing in Hangzhou since then. "China people once said that words are excellent, and the priests in Europa are almost incompetent. His memory is far beyond anyone's reach. He studies tirelessly. Although he is sick, he often works in translation, either translating Latin into Chinese or translating Chinese into Latin, which makes him proficient in language and writing, so he is good at speaking and writing both classical Chinese and slang. " Most of his works are written in Latin in Chinese, that is, the book "Eyes of Western Confucianism" in Shaanxi. When Giniger came to China for the second time, he also brought a large number of foreign language books. This is not only because he loves books personally, but also because he took the road of academic missionary initiated by Matteo Ricci. More importantly, before returning to Western Europe, Giniger accepted the mission of China Missionary Association and collected books extensively in Europe, thus establishing missionary libraries in Beijing and other places. This time, he not only brought these western talents, but also made it clear through a brief review that the Hanyu Pinyin Movement, which started at the end of 19, was closely linked with language unification, social development and national unity from the beginning. Historical facts have proved more than once that no matter what kind of pinyin design, it goes against the development trend of the unification of Chinese language and characters and is doomed to failure. Secondly, through the historical relationship among Phonetic Alphabet, Guoluo, Bella and Chinese Pinyin Scheme, it is specifically explained in which aspects the scheme inherits and develops the main advantages of these Pinyin Schemes and makes innovations, thus summing up the historical experience of China people in creating Latin Pinyin Schemes in the first 60 years of the 20th century. Thirdly, through the analysis of the dispute between universal pinyin and Chinese pinyin in Taiwan Province Province, it reveals what is the real problem behind this heated debate in Taiwan Province Province.

Chinese Pinyin Movement and Putonghua and Putonghua

Chinese Pinyin Scheme is a Pinyin Scheme for spelling standard Chinese. China's national standard language was gradually established in the modernization movement of China, which had a great influence on the social, scientific and cultural development of the Chinese nation at the end of19th century. At first, the Chinese modernization movement refers to the Chinese Pinyin Movement (then called "Pinyin Movement and Simplified Chinese Character Movement"), the Putonghua Movement and the Vernacular Chinese Movement. The three major Chinese movements in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China had the same goal, that is, to reform the language and popularize education to meet the needs of social development and scientific and cultural development at that time, so as to make Qiang Bing prosperous and revitalize the Chinese nation. The Mandarin Movement is a movement to establish and popularize spoken Chinese, and the vernacular movement is a movement to advocate the use of spoken Chinese instead of classical Chinese as the official written language. All three sports have their own goals, but their internal relations are very close. As far as the historical origin is concerned, the movement of word segmentation occurred the earliest, which triggered the national language movement. Since then, the establishment of Chinese standard pronunciation, the formulation of phonetic symbols, the Chinese standardization movement in the 1950s, and the emergence of Chinese pinyin schemes have all come down in one continuous line and complemented each other. Therefore, our discussion also started from here. The historical prologue of the Chinese Pinyin Movement can be traced back to the late Ming Dynasty, but the direct cause of the large-scale Chinese Pinyin Movement in China was the national humiliation of the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, which people in China never forget. This point is clearly stated by Qian in the article Phonetic Alphabet and Modern National Voice (1929): "In 1894 (Wu Jia), China lost the first world war against Japan, so people of insight in middle schools know that the political reform and universal education are not enough to exist in the world, but when it comes to universal education, there will be problems. To solve this problem, it is necessary to create a new phonetic word ... ". As a result, "the movement to promote simplified characters and seek universal education is growing ...". In fact, the ideological innovation in the field of Chinese characters has already begun before this, and the inviolable lofty status of Chinese characters has been shaken for thousands of years. After the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, the Qing government signed the treaty of shimonoseki in Shimonoseki, Japan, which not only compensated huge military expenditure, but also ceded Taiwan Province Province and Penghu. At that time, the shock of the ruling and opposition parties aroused the patriotic conscience of the public, especially the enterprising intellectuals. Everyone speculated on the reasons for China's failure, and agreed that "if Chinese characters are not revolutionary, education will never be popularized and the country will never be rich and strong." At that time, Tan Sitong, known as the "comet of the ideological circle", first took the lead in calling for the abolition of Chinese characters and the use of pinyin characters. Passers-by horses responded, and they rose up one after another, creating simple and easy-to-learn "sounding new words". In the late Qing dynasty, the phonetic symbol movement, that is, the Chinese Pinyin movement, was in full swing. According to statistics, there are as many as 27 pinyin schemes still on file in the last decade of the late Qing Dynasty. Most of the pinyin schemes in this period were designed for spelling a certain dialect, but pinyin characters are, after all, a kind of characters that spell language sounds, so they touched on the unity of Chinese language from the beginning. At that time, Lu Taizhang, who was called "the first person engaged in syncopation movement", put forward two basic principles for making pinyin letters in his new word order of syncopation (1892): "the unity of words and phrases" and "the simplicity of calligraphy and painting", that is, the words express sounds and the glyphs are simple and easy to write. At the same time, it is also proposed to use Nanjing dialect as the "provincial accent", so that the national "language and writing are both unified and spoken and written". China is big, but it is like a family. If you don't follow the people's boundaries, you will be speechless. "These words have obviously gone beyond the scope of pure text reform, involving the unification and development of national languages. However, all kinds of Latin pinyin schemes designed by Lu Taizhang still focus on spelling Min-Guang dialect. Later, he submitted the Phonetic Alphabet of China to the department of the Qing government, which was rejected on the grounds that it was "not accessible to all provinces" and "not enough to unify the dialects of all provinces". Soon after, Wang Zhao's "Synonyms in Putonghua", a sound-cutting scheme reflecting the development trend of national homophones, immediately stood out. Spelling was the most influential "Beijing dialect" at that time, and the letter form completely adopted the radicals of Chinese characters. "Mandarin Chorus Letters" is very popular, covering more than half of China, "from Beijing and Tianjin to heaven, while in Nanjing, Mandarin letters are all over 13 provinces." Wang Zhao himself can be said to have completely grasped the development trend of languages in various countries at that time. He clearly declared in the preface of "Mandarin Chorus Letters": "The language must be unified, and Beijing dialect should be used ... Beijing dialect is the most convenient to promote, so it is called Mandarin. The official is public, and if it is public, it is necessary to choose a large number. " It is precisely because of this that his Mandarin Ensemble Letter was supported by Wu Rulun, the head teacher of Shi Jing University Hall (the predecessor of Peking University), and together with Zhang Zhidong and Zhang Baixi, the director of management department, asked the court to stipulate that "Chinese is a subject, and Mandarin is a subject" in the "school charter" on the grounds that "the languages of all countries are consistent", and asked the Qing Dynasty to "unify the languages of the world with official sounds" for approval soon. As a result, the Chinese Pinyin Movement triggered the unification of Putonghua, and at the same time, it was able to join the government from the people. Later, in "Mandarin Education" (19 1 1), the Qing government stipulated that pinyin "simplified characters" could be used for two purposes: one was to combine Putonghua and the other was to standardize the pronunciation of Chinese characters, and a "unified Putonghua case" was passed, which was stipulated in the eighth year of Xuantong (1). In fact, the movement to determine the national tone, formulate the alphabet and unify the national language was carried out by the lower society and the national government. From the above brief review, we can see that the Chinese Pinyin movement, which developed at the end of 19, was closely linked with the unification of language, social development and national unity from the beginning. Historical facts have proved more than once that no matter what kind of pinyin design goes against the development trend of language unification, it is doomed to failure. Lu Taizhang's first Latin pinyin scheme, China Qie Yin Alphabet, mainly spelled Min Guang dialect, but it was rejected because it was "not accessible to all provinces" and "not enough to unify the dialects of all provinces". Later, Lao Naixuan, a scholar in Tongzhi and a court official, designed a simplified Chinese character complete spectrum (a phonography with Chinese characters), which can be used in major dialects in all provinces. The complete spectrum includes Beijing, Nanjing (Nanjing dialect), Wu and Min dialects, covering almost all dialects, and he also proposed "Min dialect". Lao Naixuan himself was summoned by Cixi, and his "Record of Simplified Characters" was also approved by the imperial court, allowing the academic department to discuss and play. Even so, the academic departments of the Qing government shelved the proposal on the grounds of "splitting languages and hindering reunification", and the society also sharply criticized him, saying that according to his method, "China will be ruled by the same language" and called him "the chief culprit of splitting languages". It is thought-provoking to compare the fate of the pinyin schemes of Lu Taizhang, Lao Naixuan and Wang Zhao, the three leading figures of the Qieyin Movement in the late Qing Dynasty, especially Lao Naixuan and Wang Zhao, wanted criminals who participated in the "Hundred Days Reform".

Historical origin

19 12, after the founding of the Republic of China, the government continued to promote Putonghua. In the upsurge of popularizing Putonghua, the standard pronunciation of Putonghua has changed from "focusing on Beijing pronunciation, giving consideration to the north and south" to a new national pronunciation based on Beijing pronunciation, and then the phonetic symbol has been renamed as phonetic symbol, which has become a sharp weapon to popularize Putonghua, making Putonghua enter the Chinese teaching in normal schools and primary schools and laid a solid position in the fields of radio, film and drama. The most important historical experience of the Putonghua Movement in the Republic of China is to make the primary form of national homophones (Putonghua) without clear standards naturally become the advanced form of national homophones (Putonghua and Putonghua) with clear norms, and it is necessary to choose a natural language as the basis for its own existence and development. In the long-term practice, the Putonghua Movement finally found the "China Language Heart" (Liu Fuyu's language), and clearly declared that Beijing (the Ministry) was the standard pronunciation for unifying the national language (see the Declaration of the National Putonghua Movement Congress). This is its greatest historical achievement, which laid the foundation for the Chinese standardization movement after the founding of 1949 New China and the formulation of the scheme to promote Putonghua and Chinese Pinyin. From the perspective of academic development, the phonetic symbols of Putonghua, romanization of Putonghua and Latin neologisms in northern dialects appeared in different historical periods of the Chinese Pinyin Movement, and the schemes of Chinese Pinyin came down in one continuous line until the end of 1950s. The design of "Chinese Pinyin Scheme" has fully absorbed many valuable experiences in the past, especially in the Pinyin design of Guoluo and Bella, and has widely listened to opinions from all sides. This plan certainly has its originality. But more is to absorb and develop the advantages of many pinyin designs in history.

Edit the grammatical features of this paragraph.

Chinese morphemes are mostly monosyllabic (washing hands-losing people). Morphemes and morphemes can be combined into compound words (horse+road → road → on+off → switch). Some morphemes are words (hand washing), others are not words, and they can only form compound words with other morphemes (people → people → loss → loss). The proportion of disyllabic words in modern Chinese is the largest. Most disyllabic words are produced in the above compound way. Although some morphemes can't be used as a word alone in modern Chinese, they are sometimes used as words when borrowing words from ancient Chinese.

Edit this paragraph to form text.

Chinese characters have a history of 3,000 years, counting from the earliest written materials we can see at present-Oracle Bone Inscriptions in Shang Dynasty. Because Oracle Bone Inscriptions is a fairly mature writing system, we can infer that Chinese characters must have appeared as far back as 3,000 years ago. The development of Chinese characters can be divided into two main stages. From Oracle Bone Inscriptions to Biography is a stage; Judging from the official script of Qin and Han dynasties, there is still a stage. The former belongs to the category of ancient Chinese characters and the latter belongs to the category of modern Chinese characters. Generally speaking, there is not much change from official script to modern Chinese characters used now. Cang Xie, the legendary inventor of Chinese characters.

Judging from the relationship between Chinese characters and Chinese, Chinese characters are a kind of morpheme words. As far as the structure of Chinese characters is concerned, Chinese characters are a writing system composed of ideographic, phonetic (pictographic and phonetic) and symbols that neither ideographic nor phonetic. Chinese characters originated from pictures. In the early stage of Chinese characters, the shape of pictographic characters is directly related to the meaning of morphemes it represents. Although each word has its own fixed pronunciation, the glyph itself is not a phonetic symbol, which is different from the pinyin letters. The pronunciation of hieroglyphics is transmitted to it through the morphemes it represents. With the evolution of glyphs, pictographs are becoming less and less pictographs. As a result, the glyph loses its original connection with the morpheme it represents. At this time, the glyph itself is neither phonetic nor semantic, and becomes an abstract symbol. If all morphemes in Chinese are represented by such symbols that neither express sound nor meaning, then Chinese characters can be said to be pure symbolic characters. But this is not the case. Chinese characters can be divided into single words and combined words. Only letter combinations are purely symbolic characters. Combination characters are composed of single characters. Structurally speaking, compound words are one level higher than single words. Because a single word that constitutes a combined word is itself a symbol, when it is a part of a combined word, it participates as a meaningful "word". Combination characters can be divided into the following three categories:

phonogram

Pictophonetic characters are composed of two parts: pictophonetic characters representing meaning and phonetic characters representing pronunciation. For pictophonetic characters with the simplest structure, pictophonetic characters and homophonic characters are used as characters. As an integral part of pictophonetic characters, these letter combinations are phonetic and meaningful characters. But the shape only takes its meaning, not its sound, such as the "bird" next to the word "pigeon"; The phonetic side only takes the sound, but does not take the meaning. For example, due to the evolution of the meaning and pronunciation of the radical "nine" of the word "pigeon", some pictophonetic characters have lost the function of expressing meaning or pronunciation. For example, "ball" was originally the name of a jade, so it was shaped with "jade". Now the word "ball" doesn't refer to jade, and this shape has no function. Another example is the word "sea", which originally used "every" as the sound. Due to the change of pronunciation, the pronunciation of "sea" and "plum" is far from each other now, and the "plum" beside the sound is useless. Sometimes, the form and sound have lost their original functions, such as "giving, waiting, short". This kind of characters can no longer be regarded as pictophonetic characters. There is no clear boundary between pictophonetic characters and non-pictophonetic characters. At the beginning of word-making, pictophonetic characters are not necessarily close to their pronunciation. With the development of modern Chinese characters, this difference is even greater. Some people take more than 7500 modern combined Chinese characters for statistics. As far as the pronunciation of Putonghua is concerned, less than 5% of compound words are completely homophonic (initials, finals and tones are the same). About 10% initials have the same vowel but different tones. Only one vowel is the same, accounting for about 20%. If only the first two categories are regarded as pictophonetic characters, then pictophonetic characters only account for 15% of commonly used Chinese characters. If the above three categories are regarded as pictophonetic characters, pictophonetic characters will probably account for 35% of popular Chinese characters. If the standard is relaxed, or the pictophonetic characters are determined completely according to their origins, the percentage of pictophonetic characters in popular Chinese characters will be much higher.

synonym

The ancients said, "Military strategists must contend" and "people keep their word." This explanation is wrong for the words "nothing" and "letter". However, there are indeed such words in the Chinese character system, such as "incorrect is crooked" and "bad is bad". This kind of words is characterized by combining the meaning of radicals to express the meaning of the whole combined word. There are few such words, only a few examples. The radicals in the above two types of combined words have ideographic function and phonetic function. The following situation is different. (3) Combined marker words. The radicals of this compound word are neither ideographic nor phonological. There are two main situations. First, due to the changes in pronunciation and meaning of words, the original phonetic and pictographic characters no longer express pronunciation and meaning. For example, the words "give, wait and be short" mentioned above. Another situation can take the word "Zhang" as an example. According to Xu Shen's Shuo Wen Jie Zi in Han Dynasty, the word "Zhang" changed from "sound" to "ten". However, when people say "establish an early chapter" (to distinguish it from "bow long"), they analyze it into two parts: "establish" and "early". In fact, from the perspective of ancient Chinese characters, "Zhang" is a unique hieroglyph, which has nothing to do with "sound, ten, standing and morning". Chinese characters have been used to record Chinese for more than 3000 years, and they have been used until today without interruption. In such a long historical period, Chinese characters not only serve people's real life, but also record extremely rich cultural materials; Even across national boundaries, it was borrowed by neighboring countries such as Japan, North Korea and Vietnam to record non-Chinese languages. On the other hand, people have been criticizing the shortcomings of Chinese characters for a long time, mainly saying that Chinese characters are difficult to recognize, write and mechanize (printing, typesetting, typing, etc. Therefore, it is not as efficient as pinyin in literacy, children's literacy education and cultural communication. Compared with Pinyin, Chinese characters have their shortcomings, but they also have their advantages. The biggest advantage of Chinese characters is that they can be beyond space and limited by time. There are great differences in pronunciation between ancient Chinese and modern Chinese. However, since 2000, the font has been quite stable and the meaning of words has not changed much, so the ancient books of the pre-Qin and Han dynasties can still be partially understood by ordinary people today. If ancient books are written in pinyin, modern people simply can't understand some dialects with different pronunciations, so they can't communicate with each other, but if they are written in Chinese characters, they can understand each other, and the reason is the same. Even in Japanese where Chinese characters are used, Chinese speakers can understand the meaning in some places where Chinese characters are used.

simplify Chinese characters

The work of simplifying Chinese characters began in the 1950s. 1986 republished Summary of Simplified Chinese Characters stipulates more than 2,000 simplified Chinese characters (including those based on simplified Chinese radicals). At present, this work has come to an end and will remain stable for some time to come, and will not continue to simplify. Because continuous simplification will destroy the stability of characters, and after simplifying several characters, the original traditional Chinese characters can not be abolished, but only used in ancient Chinese teaching, calligraphy, film and television dramas and other works of art.

Edit the pinyin problem of this paragraph.

The debate about pinyin of Chinese characters has a long history. Theoretically, any natural language can be recorded in Pinyin. However, due to the differences of Chinese dialects, it will bring great difficulties to people in dialect areas before the work of popularizing Putonghua has achieved extensive and practical results. In addition, due to the long history of Chinese characters, a large number of documents are recorded in Chinese characters. Once you change your tune, it will inevitably lead to certain difficulties in the wide use of literature, and may also cause fluctuations in social psychology and national feelings. In fact, due to the long-term use of the ideographic writing system of Chinese characters, a large number of homophones can appear in Chinese, and this phenomenon does exist. Now a syllable can correspond to dozens or hundreds of Chinese characters at most. If you use pinyin to record pronunciation, you can't understand it without reading it. Even after a long period of training, this problem cannot be completely solved. Therefore, if you really want Latin Chinese characters, it will definitely not be completed overnight. Before Chinese develops to a suitable level. For example, the word "Q" in the title of Lu Xun's The True Story of Ah Q, according to Lu Xun himself, is also influenced by Latinization. Strong evidence that China people can't be Latin people: The History of Lions Eating Lions; Shishi, a Zhao Yuanren Shishi poet, likes lions and vows to eat ten lions. Shi always sees lions in the market. At ten o'clock, ten lions are suitable for the market. Shishi is in the right market at the right time. Stone regards it as ten lions, relying on the vector potential to make its ten lions immortal. Stone picks up the bodies of ten lions, which is just right for stone chambers. The stone room was wet, so I asked the servant to wipe it. The first taste of the stone is ten lions. When eating, the first thing I know is that the bodies of ten lions and ten stone lions are real. Trial interpretation is a problem. Remarks "Shi Shi Shi Shi Shi Shi Shi Shi Shi Shi Shi Shi Shi Shi Shi Shi Shi Shi Shi Shi Shi Shi Shi Shi Shi Shi Shi Shi Shi Shi Shi Shi Shi Zhao Shi Ren Yuan. The full text is * * * 92 words, each of which is pronounced as Yes in Mandarin. There is nothing wrong with reading this classical Chinese work, but there is something wrong with reading it aloud or using Mandarin for Latin. This is because there are many homophones in ancient Chinese. You can understand this short passage, but if you read it to others, he can't understand it anyway! At the same time, the failure of Esperanto once again proves a truth: writing is not only a communication tool, but also a culture, a long-term psychological and national spirit. If we ignore this point, we will fall into a shallow pragmatic model. The essence of the world is the combination of matter and spirit. If we say that we will destroy our national culture just for the convenience of communication, it is a very crude materialism, which completely ignores the guiding role of culture itself in the development of a nation. The Latinization of Chinese characters began because the writing of traditional Chinese characters was cumbersome and could not adapt to the efficiency and rhythm of the industrial era. But today, the invention of Chinese character input method has completely solved this problem. At the same time, Pinyin has actually become one of the most important input methods of Chinese characters, and the input speed is much faster than Latin, which was an unexpected move that people who worked out the Pinyin scheme at that time did not expect. Therefore, the Latinization of Chinese characters is not only impossible to popularize, but also can never replace Chinese characters. This is just a redundant plan that China people proved afterwards in the early stage of industrialization.

Edit this Chinese dialect

Chinese, also known as Chinese, Chinese, and other names such as Chinese and Putonghua.