What are the folk customs of the Dong people in Sanjiang?

Strange Dong Wedding The Dong wedding in Sanjiang Dong Autonomous County is very strange. It is usually held during the Spring Festival. For example, Bazhaizi in Chengyang Scenic Area holds a wedding banquet on the second day of the first month, and sends the bride home on the third day of the first month. The strangest and grandest wedding of the Dong people is to send the bride home. "Going back to the door" means sending the bride back to her family. When sending the bride back to her mother's house, the groom is not allowed to marry her, but the brothers, sisters, relatives and friends of the groom's family will receive the bride price, forming a vast Dong people.

The longer the farewell party, the more prosperous the groom's family business will be. The bride price includes sour fish, sour meat and sour duck unique to Dong people. The bridesmaid is a young girl in the groom's village. In the long farewell procession, the bride walked at the back, holding a piece of cloth for outsiders to identify. On the way to see the bridegroom off, in order to show his family's possessions, the seeing-off team often deliberately detours to find a crowded place to pass. Every village you pass along the way, you should set off firecrackers. After the bride is sent to her parents' home, the maid of honor is not allowed to enter the bride's home and should return to the groom's home immediately. The bride's family immediately served each guest a bowl of sweetened camellia oleifera called "Hi Tea". In the evening, the unmarried youth at the farewell party and the unmarried youth at the bride's stockade usually get together to chat and find the right person, which is called "sitting at night". On the first day of the traditional festival in China, the Dong people in Tang Tang Village, Dulong Township, Sanjiang Dong Autonomous County, Guangxi, gathered together to hold a unique traditional festival-Exorcism Festival, hoping for peace in the coming year. Tang Dynasty Village, Dudong Town, Sanjiang Dong Autonomous County, is a village with strong Dong customs, located in the north of Sanjiang County, bordering on Guizhou and Hunan. The village has a population of more than 2,300 people, including six Dong people: Yang, Wu, Long, Yang, Xia and Tang. "Thief's Day" is a unique traditional festival in Tangtang Village, Sanjiang County. It has been held every year since 1952. "Thief's Day" originated from Tang Village in Dudong Town, Sanjiang Dong Autonomous County before liberation. Because the mountains are high and dense, they are often harassed by mountain thieves. After liberation, in order to ward off evil spirits, educate future generations not to harm others and send a message of peace in the coming year. In the past, when mountain thieves robbed in the village, people named Long drove them away. At the same time, because the dragon is the mascot of the Chinese nation, the Dong people in the Tang village have made a rule that the "thief king" must be played by someone named dragon, which indicates that the dragon can turn evil into good. All the other thieves were played by the young people in the village. Tang village is divided into three areas: upper, middle and lower drum towers. Every year, it is the turn of villagers in one area to play mountain thieves. After the "Thief's Day" began, the Dong people began to release birds in order to drive away mountain thieves with guns and fire. After 1997, due to the local government's activities of collecting guns and making explosives, the birds of the Dong people were taken away. Now we can only use firecrackers to drive away mountain thieves. After the "mountain thief" is driven away, he can "steal" vegetables outside the village and come back to set up a hundred tables. In the evening, each family took out a bowl of glutinous rice and a catty of white wine, and then gathered in the Drum Tower for a banquet of 100 people. In addition, there are some customs, such as playing lusheng, stepping on karaoke bars, promoting officials, doing more, singing and sitting at night, piling tiles on the moon, staying at home, stealing marriage, sending the bride to the door, hooking up, collective wedding in Chengyang Bazhai and blocking songs.

Customs and habits The customs and habits of the Dong people are very ethnic. Diet, mainly japonica rice, mountain people like to eat glutinous rice and drink tea. Good at pickling sauerkraut, sour meat and sour fish, there is a kind of "Dong can't live without it"

Acid. " Drink home-brewed sweet wine and low-alcohol distilled liquor. Smoking is also common. Dong men are mainly dressed in Tang dynasty, with evergreen handkerchiefs on their heads. A woman's hair is placed in the left front or back of her head with a bun, pin or silver comb, earrings, bracelets and necklaces; Wear a big-breasted collarless piping dress with buttons, an inner-hung chest, a pleated skirt at the bottom, leggings and hook shoes. Great changes have taken place in clothing in recent decades. Men wear more clothes, women wear more Tang suits and young people wear more suits. Dong people live in many ethnic groups. A village has one or more surnames, and there are five or six hundred households in Dazhai. The village is surrounded by mountains and waters, and the houses are mainly "dry fences". There are stone rafts, farm tools, sundries and livestock feeding downstairs; People live upstairs, with a hall in the middle, fire pits on both sides, places for cooking and heating, and bedrooms at both ends; The bedroom and granary are on the third floor. It is the symbol and center of a village or Dong surname. Yufeng Bridge is a river-crossing bridge outside Dongcun with unique shape. Pavilion, Stone Road, Zhaimen, Water Mirror Pavilion, "Gan Lan", Drum Tower and Yufeng Bridge, etc. , which constitutes the characteristics of Dong villages. The Dong family is monogamous, and intermarriage is strictly practiced. Young men and women are free to fall in love before marriage, and they must get their parents' consent when they get married. Cousin marriage used to be very popular, but it basically disappeared after liberation. Singing and confinement is a unique form of love between Dong men and women. Dong people like bullfighting, and every village has a "Buffalo King" to compete.

Drum Tower Dongzhai Drum Tower looks like a polyhedral pagoda. Generally, it is more than 2 0 meters high, 1 1 floor to the top, all supported by 1 6 Chinese fir columns. The building center is wide and flat, about 1 0 square meter, and it is used in the middle.

There is a big fire pit made of stone, surrounded by wooden railings and long wooden benches for rest. At the spire of the building, there is a treasure gourd or a Millennium crane, which symbolizes the auspicious peace of the stockade. The eaves of the building are prominent and inclined, giving people a delicate and elegant feeling, such as flying and jumping. The Drum Tower is a symbol of the Dong people and the unity of the Dong people. Each Dong village has at least one Drum Tower, and some Dong villages have as many as four or five. In the past, a cowhide drum hung on the Drum Tower. Usually, if there are any important problems in the village, they will go upstairs and beat gongs and drums to invite the public to discuss them. In some places, when there are fires and bandits, they also beat drums for help. One village drummed, and the other villages answered, drumming as usual. In this way, one village spread to another, and the information soon spread to villages in distant mountains. People heard the drums. Therefore, Dong family is especially fond of Drum Tower and Long Drum. Nowadays, the social order is stable, and the long drum has lost its function of transmitting information. But the Drum Tower is still a place for Dong people to discuss, rest and entertain. In summer, people come to the Drum Tower to enjoy the cool and chat. In winter, everyone sits around the fireplace and tells stories. Every festival, men, women and children gather in front of the Drum Tower to "step on the karaoke bars" or watch Dong opera.

Yufeng Bridge, also known as Flower Bridge, is also one of the characteristic buildings of Dong Village. Dong people are good at architecture. Generally speaking, Miao villages like to be built by mountains, while Dong villages are mostly built on both sides of rivers and live across the water. because

In this way, there are stone bridge and bamboo bridge in Dong village. However, Fengyu Bridge is the most national characteristic. Chengyang Bridge, located on Linxi River in Sanjiang, Guangxi, is the representative of Yufeng Bridge. Because there is a pavilion on the bridge, it can not only walk, but also avoid the wind and rain, so it is called the wind and rain bridge. Built in 1 9 1 6, the bridge is a four-hole and five-pier outrigger wooden beam bridge. The total length is 64.4 meters, the width is 3.4 meters, and the height is 1.6 meters. There are pagodas and palaces on five stone piers, which are scattered and magnificent. There are carvings and paintings on the eaves of promenades and pavilions. People, landscapes, patterns and animals are lifelike, which is the crystallization of Dongxiang people's wisdom and the artistic treasure of China's wooden buildings.

Camellia oleifera is a favorite diet of Dong people. The fragrant and sweet camellia oleifera is refreshing and has the effects of eliminating damp heat and preventing cold and diarrhea. It has almost become a Dong person.

The necessities of people's daily life, for many people, playing camellia twice a day is essential. When the guests arrive, the hospitable Dong family will be entertained by Camellia oleifera. Camellia oleifera has certain procedures. First, "silver rice" (steamed glutinous rice, some dyed with five colors) is fried with tea oil (edible oil squeezed from tea tree fruit) into popcorn, and then non-staple foods such as peanuts and soybeans are fried. Finally, stir-fry the glutinous rice, stir-fry some tea leaves, immediately add warm water to the pot, add salt and boil it, and it is Camellia oleifera. Put some chopped green onion, chrysanthemum and spinach when eating. Fill the bowl with camellia oleifera, add some ingredients such as fried rice flowers, peanuts, soybeans, pork liver and lean meat, and some even cook small glutinous rice balls in camellia oleifera water, which is camellia oleifera with good color and fragrance. When Dong people eat Camellia oleifera, the host and guests sit around the dining table or stove, and the housewife cooks. The first bowl of camellia oleifera must be served to the elders or distinguished guests in the seat to show respect. Then send it to the guests and their families in turn. After receiving camellia oleifera, everyone can't eat it immediately, but put the bowl in front of them, wait for the host to say please, and then everyone will serve the bowl together. Eat camellia oleifera with only one chopstick. After eating the first bowl, give it to the housewife. She will put the bowls on the table or beside the stove in turn according to the sitting order of the guests, and then fill them with tea and ingredients. Everyone should eat at least three bowls of camellia oleifera, otherwise it will be considered as disrespect for the host. After eating three bowls, if you don't want to eat any more, you need to put that chopstick in your own bowl to show that you don't eat, otherwise the housewife will keep pouring oil tea for you to enjoy.

In the beautiful Dong township, young men and women begin to socialize when they reach a certain age, "singing and sitting on the moon". "Singing and confinement" means falling in love, which is generally popular in the slack season. Many Dong people

There is a special "Moon Hall" in the village, which is a diaojiao building for young people to get together. Most of them go to girls' houses to make friends with girls. As night fell, the boys in the stockade came downstairs from their favorite girl with homemade musical instruments such as oxlegs and pipa, humming an invitation song while playing the strings. The piano and singing touched the girl's heartstrings, so she quickly put down her work, pushed open the window and peeped under the diaojiao building. When they saw the person they liked coming, they indicated that he could enter the building. If people they don't like or don't know invite them, they will quickly close the window and not go to Tali. If the young man refuses to leave her diaojiao building, he will whistle, make a hullabaloo about, or beat her windows and partitions with a bamboo pole. Although the patient girl kept silent, her family intervened. If she doesn't go, a stream of cold water pours down from the window, which means you should go away quickly. "Singing and confinement" is not stopped by parents. Because they think that their children's love relationship has been respected by others and their faces are radiant. While singing, the young man played the piano, and the girls were still doing their jobs, but they all listened carefully and wanted to know which song answered best. Different seasons should sing different songs. In question-and-answer duets, it is easiest to see who knows a lot and has a wide knowledge. It is in this social activity of "singing and confinement" that many young people get to know each other better and finally get married.

Dong people like bullfighting on the Bull Running Festival, and every village has a "Buffalo King" to compete. The circle of "Niu Wang" is mostly built near the Drum Tower, which is clean and ventilated, and is called "Niu Gong". Niu Wang asked someone to mow the grass.

Picking water and mixing materials to serve, often supplying honey, lard, rice wine and other foods. "King Niu" is huge, strong, covered in blood, with thick and sharp horns, like an open steel fork. February and August of the lunar calendar are the running of cattle for the Dong people every year. Before the festival, young people blew lusheng to other villages to "keep an appointment" and invited their opponents. After the "seeing-off contract", I went to the "Niu Gong" to play lusheng for three days to "nourish my heart" for the cattle. As soon as the festival arrived, the crowd gathered around. Accompanied by Lu Sheng, the "King Niu" began to "step on the field": a young man walked forward with his head held high with a "horse card" written on it. "Ma Pai" is followed by guards and drum bands with wooden "weapons". The ox king's horn is inlaid with shiny iron sleeves, his head is covered with red silk, and his back is carrying the "Treasure-grabbing" ox king tower. There are four flags and two long pheasant feathers in the tower, just like ancient generals. There is a string of bronze bells hanging around the neck of the cow, which is loud and clear on the chest. After the "stepping on the field", Niu Wang left. Three iron cannons roared and the official bullfight began. Niu Guan threw the two lit fires in front of his own "Niu Wang" and let go of the reins in his hand. Two cows pounced on each other, and the crowd drummed and cheered. The winning girl should be allowed to "take away" the colorful flag of the losing side. The winning "Cow King" was dressed in red and entered the stadium again to receive cheers. If you can't score, you should put a brown rope around the cow's hind legs and pull them apart, shaking hands and making peace. A few days ago, the winning girl went to return the defeated colored flags, and the defeated young man gave a banquet, sang "big songs" and presented "redemption flags". It is the glory of the village that the "Bull King" in the stockade can win, so there is a mass song and dance banquet to celebrate after the bullfight. In recent years, the "Cow King" of the Dong nationality in Guizhou has also performed gladiator in some big cities, making this special entertainment culture more famous.