What's the difference between initials and consonants? What's the difference between vowels and vowels?

First of all, there are three differences between initials and consonants:

1, with different classification:

(1) initials classification: According to the provisions of the Chinese Pinyin Scheme, Y and W are zero initials with one vowel, and the vowels I and U are rewritten. For example, the syllable yan is a rewrite of the zero initial ian, that is, yan is a whole, so y and w are not initials; But according to people's customary spelling, Yan will spell with initials, that is, y-an-yan, so both Y and W are counted as initials.

(2) Classification of consonants: Consonants can be divided into lip sound, heavy lip sound, lip tooth sound, tip of tongue sound, tooth sound, tongue rolling sound, gum sound, retrogingival sound, gingival jaw sound, tongue surface sound, hard jaw sound, lip hard jaw sound, soft jaw sound, uvula sound, tongue root sound, pharynx sound, epiglottis sound and throat sound according to pronunciation position.

2, the overview of the two is different:

(1) Overview of initial consonants: Initial consonants are consonants used in front of vowels, which together with vowels form a complete syllable.

(2) Overview of Consonants: Consonants, also called consonants, refer to the sounds formed by the obstruction of airflow in the mouth or throat.

3. Their pronunciation features are different:

(1) Pronunciation features of initial consonants: the initial consonant is its original sound value without vowels. The pronunciation of initials is a sound with vowels after initials.

(2) Pronunciation characteristics of consonants: When pronouncing, the airflow is hindered by various organs, and the vocal cords do not necessarily vibrate. Phonemes that are not clear enough are called consonants. The air flow from the lungs does not necessarily vibrate the vocal cords, but it will be blocked when passing through the mouth. This sound is called a consonant.

Second, there are three differences between vowels and vowels:

1, their pronunciation features are different:

Pronunciation features of (1) vowels: Monovowels begin with monosyllables, and 10 monosyllables in Mandarin can be divided into three categories: tongue vowels, tongue tip vowels and roll vowels. Tongue vowels are vowels that are mainly affected by the tongue surface, and there are seven vowels: A, O, E, Mi, I, U, U; The vowels on the tip of the tongue are the main vowels played by the tip of the tongue, including -i (front) and -i (back); Er is a vowel.

(2) Pronunciation characteristics of vowels: When vowels are pronounced, the highest part of the tongue moves to the front of the mouth and arches slightly. When vowels are pronounced, the root of the tongue is raised to the soft palate. Tongue position and lip shape are a standard for vowel classification.

2, the overview of the two is different:

(1) Overview of vowels: Vowel is a Chinese phonological term in China, which is the part of Chinese pronunciation except initials and tones. Formerly known as rhyme

(2) Overview of vowels: vowels, also known as vowels, are a kind of phonemes, as opposed to consonants. Vowel is the sound made by air flowing through the mouth without obstacles when pronouncing.

3. The two types are different:

(1) Types of vowels: A vowel consists of three parts: initial (middle tone), vowel (main vowel) and vowel; According to vowel structure, it can be divided into single vowel, compound vowel and nasal vowel.

(2) Types of vowels: According to the airflow path, they can be divided into oral vowels and nasal vowels. Oral vowels are vowels that block the nasal passages, and the airflow only passes through the mouth when pronounced. Most vowels are spoken vowels. Nasal vowels are vowels in which the soft palate droops and air flows through the mouth and nose at the same time. Nasal vowels are mainly found in French, Portuguese, Chinese Jin dialect, Jinan dialect and Tibetan Lhasa dialect.

Baidu encyclopedia-initials

Baidu encyclopedia-consonants

Baidu Encyclopedia-Vowel (a kind of phoneme)

Baidu encyclopedia-vowels