Talk about your evaluation of Zhuge Liang?

Zhuge Liang is modest and prudent, conscientious and conscientious. Perhaps he is not brilliant, but he is almost first-class in actual management, and his personality, sense of responsibility and skills are impeccable. He is an outstanding political figure in the history of China. After the news of Zhuge Liang's death in Wuzhangyuan reached Zhong Shu, Zhuge Liang was demoted by Liu Chan to Liao Li, a former captain of Changshui in Shu Ren, and was heading for Hanshan. Hearing the bad news, he said with great sorrow:' Prime Minister Ge died, and I will die of old age here all my life! Li Ping, a former minister of Shu Ren who was dismissed for forging military intelligence, was so sad that he fell ill and died when he heard the news of Zhuge Liang's death. After Li Ping was exiled, he often told his friends that he believed Zhuge Liang would forgive him one day and reuse him. Lao Zhang Gao in Shu was unconvinced by Zhuge Liang, who was in charge of Gaizhou with airborne troops. However, as a prime minister for a long time, I can't help but sigh: "When Gong Ming (Zhuge Liang) has a reward, people far away will never be left out as long as they make meritorious deeds, and when they are punished, as long as they are guilty, people close to him can't escape; Titles will never be given to people without merit, and punishment will not avoid distinguished officials. Therefore, sages and fools can feel his selflessness and work hard, regardless of personal interests. " Regardless of the hero's success or failure, Zhuge Liang is such an open political style that his political opponents are moved by it. He is indeed a rare great politician in ancient and modern times. Chen Shou, the author of Ren Guozhi, commented at the end of Biography of Zhuge Liang: Zhuge Liang is pro-country, appeases the people, advocates etiquette norms, reduces officials, respects the system, and is sincere and fair. Those who do things faithfully and benefit society, even enemies, will be rewarded; Those who violate laws and regulations and neglect their duties, even their relatives, will be punished. Admit mistakes and try to turn over a new leaf, although it is a felony, it will be forgiven; It is a misdemeanor, but it is also a misdemeanor. Must be slaughtered. Even the smallest good will be rewarded, and even the smallest evil will fall. Dealing with administrative work is mainly based on simplicity, attaching importance to the essence of things and demanding all truth. Those who do well in fictional performances often publicly accuse C of loving or not within the country. Those who have harsh criminal laws and political orders but have no resentment should be warned clearly and fairly with their intentions. It can be called a long-term talent who knows how to govern. Even the pipe fittings and Xiao He can't compare with him. Although Zhuge Liang has a deep study of the art of war and military science, his talent in actual combat is really not too high. He has lost more wars than won in his life. Except for the "supporting role" in Dangyang in the early years, the rest of the situation can be mastered, and the loss after the defeat is not great. However, Zhuge Liang is really good at strategic planning and tactical application, and it is also reasonable for Chen Shou to criticize his lack of adaptability. Due to the exaggeration of the novel, Zhuge Liang is portrayed as a "fortune teller", which makes people feel that he is meticulous in everything (because other people's wisdom is too poor for him), and even misunderstood that Zhuge Liang is arbitrary, does not know how to choose and employ people, and does not know how to train talents, so he will eventually "do his best to die." In fact, Zhuge Liang failed to realize his long-cherished wish of restoring the Han Dynasty, not because of his poor governance of Shu, but because his opponents were too strong (Cao Cao and Cao Pi). Sima yi and sun quan are indeed the first choice in life) and their own bad luck. Zhuge Liang in history not only has Chen Shou's "selfless and admirable" personality and political demeanor, but also is humble, humbly accepts opinions from all sides and spares no effort in cultivating talents. In the "Teacher's Watch", Zhuge Liang particularly emphasized that "considering gains and losses, giving advice and making up for shortcomings and omissions will benefit everyone." In the Sixteen Cheap Strategies in the Postscript of Chu, he wrote: "The administration of politics means the honesty of remonstration, so he also advocates that superiors should accept the words of subordinates to avoid' going out of politics'. Another "audio-visual" even said: "The way to govern the country is the words of people who listen and listen. If you are interested in ordinary people, you should pay attention to them and listen to them. " "The old gentleman sees more as wisdom and listens more as God." Therefore, "a gentleman refuses to remonstrate, loyal ministers dare not enter its plan, while evil ministers specialize in their own politics and harm the country." "Although many historians think that the Sixteen Cheap Strategies may not have been written by Zhuge Liang, He Cheng may have written it by a" minister "in order to see it in the Official Document. Even so, the words may not be true, but the spirit is Zhuge Liang's. Zhuge Liang not only said it, but also did it thoroughly After becoming prime minister, he set up a "participating organization" in the program palace, with the purpose of "brainstorming" and adopting more people's opinions. " "Dong Hechuan" recorded Zhuge Liang's testimony about his affair with Tong * * * for seven years, saying: "I have worked with Dong Youzai (Dong) for seven years, and when things are not decided, he will repeatedly disagree, so we often discuss them back and forth, sometimes even more than ten times. If everyone can be as diligent and serious as Dong Quanzai, it will not only be good for business, but also help me not to make too many mistakes when making decisions. "He talked about getting along with friends in his early years. Xu Shu is a clear-headed and never careless friend; Cui Fu "heard many gains and losses; Later, Hu Ji was "admonished". All these friends put forward "suggestions", which made Zhuge Liang deeply grateful and unforgettable. He euphemistically calls himself "ignorant", so sometimes he can't fully understand and adopt it. Wen has always had a good relationship with Chahetai, Xu Shu, Cui and Hu Ji, so he encouraged everyone not to doubt the spirit of being outspoken. The most touching thing is that after the failure of the first Northern Expedition, Zhuge Liang announced to the Northern Expedition Corps at the front line in Hanzhong (urging the generals to take him by surprise) and publicly expressed the hope that the soldiers would attack Zhuge Liang's shortcomings frequently in the future so as to serve the country faithfully. He followed Yang Hong's advice and sent troops to help Liu Bei, who was trapped in Hanzhong and Cao Cao, stabilize the northern defense. The strategy of wooing Deng Zhi and Sun Quan; Following Ma Ji's strategy of "attacking the heart first" is the main spiritual guidance for conquering southern barbarians. Perhaps these decisions are made in his own mind, but he will never take credit, so that excellent subordinates will not be covered by their own light, so that everyone is willing to give full play to their wisdom and invest in business. Among the three countries, Shu Han has the smallest strength, but the most talents, so it has the strength to attack Cao Wei repeatedly. These outstanding talents are indeed due to Zhuge Liang's "lack of credit and lack of talents; Open-minded and good at training. Style. In order to get. Wang Anshi, a great political reformer in the Northern Song Dynasty, wrote in Zhuge Liang's poem: "If you are wise and broad, you will not be modest to be a scholar of Shu and Wu." Fang Xiaoru, a great scholar in the Ming Dynasty, also commented: "Zhu Gekongming is an image, but he is sensitive and vain, in order to ask himself and answer himself. Those who are in the Qin and Han Dynasties are inferior. " Zhuge Liang's political thought is a mixture of law and Confucianism. He attaches great importance to the system and must take a rational position when drafting management regulations. Now everyone can be evil, strictly enforce all laws and regulations. Chen Shou called his criminal law and political order very strict. But in execution, he attaches importance to leadership, and the superior must be a monarch, a teacher and a righteous person who teaches people. Sixteen cheap policies to govern the country: to govern the country by family, family rule should be based on it. This person, the formal method is also very important in the North Moment. This passage; Clearly show the importance of the system, the country has a national system, and the family has a family system to improve the governance foundation. The chapter of the monarch and the minister wrote: the monarch takes deeds as six things, the minister takes things as righteousness, the two hearts can't serve the monarch, the doubtful politics can't help the minister, and the people are easy to make up and down, so the monarch and the minister see it; You use courtesy to make the envoy, I serve you faithfully, and you seek its administration and I seek its affairs. This passage shows that Zhuge Liang attaches importance to setting an example. Teaching by example is more important than teaching by example. A leader should not only talk but also set an example to carry out the government's orders. This is the Confucian spirit that he set an example. Zhuge Liang strictly requires himself to fulfill his duties and be meticulous. When he was in Battle of Red Cliffs, he went to Soochow on the orders of Liu Bei. Sun Quan loves talents and asks Zhu Gejin to try to keep Zhuge Liang. Zhu Gejin, who knows his brother as a brother, said, "My brother Zhuge Liang entrusted himself to others and was unfaithful. My brother doesn't stay in Soochow, just as Zhuge Jian won't take refuge elsewhere. " Later, Zhuge Dao sent messengers to Shu Han, and Zhuge Liang only accepted the courtesy of receiving envoys from other countries to treat his "brothers" whom he had not seen for many years. The two brothers have never had personal contact except for T's business meeting and conversation. It is rare at home and abroad that Zhuge brothers fully abide by the festival of people and ministers. In a world of war, if you don't know how to be so cautious, you will be suspected and affect the completion of the task. Similarly, Liu Bei not only praised Zhuge Liang for being "like a duck to water" to himself, but also entrusted all the major events behind him to Zhuge Liang. There is no doubt that he must have a profound observation on Zhuge Liang's character! However, although Zhuge Liang is in power, he knows how to control himself. After he came back from the south, his reputation reached an unprecedented level, which made another assistant minister Li Yan deeply suspicious. Deliberately wrote a letter, suggesting that Zhuge Liang take the opportunity to be king and accept the Nine Xi. On this matter, Zhuge Liang said frankly: I am a master with low talent in the East. I have no ability to assist the first emperor, but I owe the wrong love, ranking first among the ministers and receiving enough gifts. Now, before it works and my bosom friend's kindness is reported, I am arrogant, which is not in line with justice and is not good for me ... When Pei Songzhi commented on the reflection, he thought Zhuge Liang had power. Therefore, few people will doubt that he has the ambition to set up his own house in the grave, and it is true that "there is no suspicion at the top and no gossip at the bottom", which is really not a simple thing in the social environment of Sichuan. Of course, some people have deep doubts about his monopolization of power. Liao Li, Li Yan and Zhang Yi are quite dissatisfied with Zhuge Liang, but they still believe in his character. And there is an official named Li Jue, who fully shows his antipathy to Zhuge Liang and often makes clever analysis. Zhuge Liang, a powerful minister, worked for Gao Zhen, and one day there will definitely be a power conflict with the emperor. At that time, you will either usurp the throne or lose your reputation. Zhuge Liang was not angry at all. But take Li Jin as his own supervisor, secretly alert, and can't cross the line. After Zhuge Liang's death, Li Xi still didn't relax. The court said, "Zhuge Liang fought in Qiang Bing with lofty aspirations and defended the border for many years. I often worry that G will happen. Now that Zhuge Liang G is dead, Liu's regime has been protected from now on, and Seibu can rest. The whole country should celebrate! " Liu Paihe's ministers are mourning the bad news of Zhuge Liang. When they saw this essay, they naturally lost their temper. They think that Yi Li maliciously slandered the virtuous minister of the loyal country and immediately put him in prison because there is no one like Zhuge Liang who will protect his political opponents and intercede for him, Li Ao; Be sentenced to death. Zhuge Liang was an honest official before his death, and set an example, trying to change the officialdom atmosphere of officials in the Eastern Han Dynasty who were greedy for pleasure and indulged in extravagance. He lived a very frugal life, and he often compared himself with Sun Shuai, the prime minister of Chu during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. From his advice to Liu Chan before the last Northern Expedition to his announcement of his property, we can see how this generation of dignitaries tried to correct the social atmosphere. In order to oppose the generous cultivation since the Eastern Han Dynasty, Zhuge Liang ordered himself to be buried at the foot of Dingjun Mountain in the front line, so as not to be transported back to Chengdu for a state funeral and to avoid extravagance and waste. He also made it clear that the funeral should be simple. If you build a tomb on the mountain, you can put a coffin. When you die, you must wear ordinary clothes and have funerary objects. It is really commendable that a prime minister who is below one person and above ten thousand people can have this kind of mind and still adhere to principles and practice thrift in the last stage of mankind. Zhuge Liang believes that governing the country must first sharpen its tools, so he is very strict with his sons and nephews. I didn't get it until I was 46, so I adopted Zhuge Qiao, the second son of my younger brother Zhu Gejin. _ Zhuge Liang followed him to the front during the Northern Expedition. In order to strengthen exercise, Zhuge Liang specially arranged for him to undertake the work of escorting rations in mountainous areas, which was quite hard. Ride the wind and rain. And the danger of climbing mountains. In a letter to Zhuge Kong, Zhuge Liang specifically mentioned this matter: "Joe can stay in Chengdu after receiving the truth, but now the second generation of the general's children are all delivering materials at the front line, and everyone has to share joys and sorrows, so I specially asked him to lead more than 500 soldiers to carry food, just like all the children." Unfortunately, in the battle of Jieting, Zhuge Qiao died in the battle with the enemy in order to protect the safety of food and socks.