Who can tell the story that Chinese and foreign celebrities are good at finding problems and thinking independently?

Galileo was born in Pisa, Italy on 1564, next to the famous leaning tower of Pisa. His father is a bankrupt aristocrat. When Galileo came into this world, his family was already poor. /kloc-At the age of 0/7, Galileo was admitted to the University of Pisa. In college, Galileo not only studied hard, but also liked to ask questions to his teachers. Even if it is something that people are used to, he will get to the bottom of it, and it will be clear at a glance.

Keep your eyes on the ceiling

Once, he stood in the Catholic church in Pisa, staring at the ceiling, motionless. What is he doing? It turned out that he followed the pulse of his left hand with his right hand and looked at the light swinging back and forth on the ceiling. He found that although the swing of the lamp is getting weaker and weaker, the distance of each swing is gradually shortened, but the time required for each swing is the same. So Galileo made a pendulum with a suitable length to measure the speed and uniformity of the pulse. From here, he discovered the law of pendulum. This clock is made according to the law he discovered.

If you drop out of school, study hard.

The poverty of family life forced Galileo to leave college early. After dropping out of school, Galileo still studied hard at home. Thanks to his continuous efforts, he has made excellent achievements in mathematics research. At the same time, he also invented the pycnometer and wrote a paper entitled "The Center of Gravity of Solids". At this time, Galileo, 2 1 year-old, has become famous all over the country, and people call him "the contemporary Archimedes". At the age of 25, Pisa University made an exception and hired him as a professor of mathematics.

The world-famous falling body experiment

Before Galileo, Aristotle in ancient Greece thought that the speed of falling objects was different. Its falling speed is proportional to its weight. The heavier the object, the faster it falls. For example, an object weighing 10 kg falls 1 0 times faster than an object weighing1kg.

Since 1700 years ago, people have always regarded this theory that violates the laws of nature as an indisputable truth. Young Galileo boldly questioned Aristotle's theory based on his own empirical reasoning. After careful consideration, he decided to do an experiment by himself. He chose the Leaning Tower of Pisa as the experimental field. On this day, he brought two iron balls with the same size but different weights, one of which weighed 100 Jin and was solid; The other one weighs 1 kg and is hollow. Galileo stood on the leaning tower of Pisa and looked under it. The tower was crowded with people who came to watch, and everyone was talking about it. Someone sarcastically said, "This young man must be crazy! Aristotle's theory cannot be wrong! " The experiment began. Galileo took an iron ball in each hand and shouted, "Look carefully, people below, the iron ball is going to fall." With that, he opened his hands at the same time. People saw two iron balls falling in parallel and falling to the ground almost at the same time. All the people were dumbfounded. Galileo's experiment revealed the secret of falling body movement and overthrew Aristotle's theory. This experiment is of epoch-making significance in the history of physics development.

Made the first telescope.

Copernicus was an outstanding Polish astronomer. After 40 years of astronomical observation, he put forward "Heliocentrism". He thinks that the center of the universe is the sun, not the earth. The earth is an ordinary planet, which revolves around the sun while rotating. Galileo believed in Copernicus' "Heliocentrism" very early. 1608 One day in June, Galileo discovered an empty tube with a convex mirror embedded in one end and a concave mirror embedded in the other end, and made the world's first small astronomical telescope. Experiments show that it can enlarge the original object three times. Galileo was not satisfied, so he further improved and made another one. He took this telescope and ran to the seaside, only to see the vast sea rolling and not seeing a boat. However, when he picked up the telescope and looked into the distance, a ship was coming to the shore from a distance. Practice has proved that it can be enlarged by 8 times. Galileo continued to improve and manufacture, and finally, his telescope could enlarge the original 32 times.

Confirmed Copernicus' Heliocentrism

Every night, Galileo used his telescope to observe the moon. He saw mountains, deep valleys and volcanic cracks on the moon. Later, I began to observe space and explore the mysteries of the universe. He found that the Milky Way is made up of many small stars. He also found that there are black spots in the sun, and the positions of these black spots are constantly changing. So he concluded that the sun itself was spinning. Galileo buried his head in observation and proved with irrefutable facts that the earth revolves around the sun, and the sun is just an ordinary star, thus proving the correctness of Copernicus' theory. 16 10, Galileo published the famous Star Messenger. People admire and say, "Columbus discovered the new continent and Galileo discovered the new universe."

Newton: The Story of Two Isaacs

Newton is regarded as the pioneer of modern science, and he has made great contributions to science. His three great achievements-the analysis of light, the law of gravity and calculus-laid the foundation for the development of modern science.

Why did Newton make great achievements in science? How did he become a great scientist from an ordinary person? To answer these questions, we can't help thinking of several stories about his hard study and hard work.

"I must pass him!"

When it comes to Newton, people may think that he must have been a "prodigy" and "genius" when he was a child, with extraordinary intelligence. In fact, Newton's childhood was thin and his mind was not smart. When I was studying in my hometown, I didn't study hard and got poor grades in my class. But he has a wide range of interests and his game skills are higher than those of ordinary children. Usually he likes to make mechanical models, such as windmills, waterwheels, sundials and so on. His elaborate water clock has won people's praise for its accurate timing.

Sometimes, the way he plays ball is also very strange. One day, he made a lantern and hung it on the tail of a kite. When night falls, the lighted lanterns rise into the air with the help of the rising power of kites. Luminous lanterns flow in the air, and people are frightened and think there is a comet. Nevertheless, he is often discriminated against because of his poor academic performance.

At that time, the hierarchy of British feudal society was very serious. Students who study well in primary and secondary schools may discriminate against those who study poorly. There was a game between classes. When everyone was in high spirits, a good student kicked Newton and called him an idiot. Newton's mind was stimulated to extreme anger. He thought, we are all students. Why should I be bullied by him? I must pass him! From then on, Newton made up his mind to study hard. He gets up early and goes to bed late. Every minute counts. He studies hard and thinks hard.

After studying hard, Newton's academic performance improved continuously, and soon surpassed the classmate who had bullied him, ranking first in the class.

Fun under the fence

Many famous scientists in the world have poor families. On the road to success, they all fought tenaciously against the difficult situation. Newton's childhood was also very sympathetic.

Newton was born in 1642 in the home of an ordinary farmer in England. Newton's father died shortly before he was born. Mother remarried when he was two years old. When Newton was fourteen, his stepfather died unfortunately and his mother returned to her hometown. Newton was forced to drop out of school and go home to help her farm. Mother wants to train him to make a living independently and let him manage agricultural products.

How reluctant a studious child is to leave his beloved school! He cried several times, but his mother never changed her mind. Finally, she had to study business against her will. Every morning, he and an old servant go to a big town more than ten miles away to do business. Newton disliked doing business very much, and entrusted all the affairs to an old servant, but he secretly went to a place to study.

As time went on, Newton became more and more disgusted with business, and all he liked was reading. Later, Newton simply stopped going to town to do business, and asked the old servant to go alone. Afraid that his family would find out, he went out with the old servant every day, stopped halfway and studied under a fence. Whenever the old servant comes back in the afternoon, we will go home together.

In this way, day after day, the reading life under the fence is also very enjoyable. One day, he was reading happily under the fence when his uncle saw him pass by. When my uncle saw this, he was very angry and shouted at him for doing nothing. Took Newton's book. My uncle was moved when he saw that he was reading a math book with various marks painted on it. My uncle hugged Newton and said excitedly, "son, just develop according to your ambition." Your right path should be learning. "

After returning home, my uncle tried to persuade Newton's mother to let Newton abandon business and go to school. With the help of his uncle, Newton returned to school as he wished.

Study and calculate the wind force in the storm

Time treats people equally and gives people the same amount, but people use time in different ways and gain different knowledge.

When Newton was sixteen years old, his understanding of mathematics was still superficial, and he didn't even understand the advanced knowledge of mathematics. "Knowledge lies in accumulation, and cleverness comes from learning". Newton was determined to climb the peak of mathematics by his own efforts. Under the unfavorable conditions of poor foundation, Newton can correctly understand himself and make progress despite difficulties. He relearned the basic knowledge and basic formulas and made solid progress step by step. After studying Euclidean geometry, he studied Cartesian geometry. In contrast, he thought Euclidean geometry was superficial, so he studied Descartes carefully.

Geometry, until master the essentials, mastery. So he invented the algebraic binomial theorem. Newton's legendary story of "calculating the wind force in a big storm" can prove Newton's body mechanics. One day, there was a big storm. The wind is howling, the dust is flying, and the mystery is long, which makes people open their eyes. Newton thought it was a good opportunity to study and calculate the wind accurately. So, he took the appliance and ran back and forth in the storm. He stumbled and measured with difficulty. Several times the dust fascinated his eyes, several times the wind blew away the paper, and several times the wind forced him to suspend his work, but none of them shook his thirst for knowledge. He finally got the correct data over and over again. He was so happy that he hurried home to continue his research. Where there is a will, there is a way. After diligent study, Newton laid a solid foundation for his tower of science. Soon, Newton's math tower was built. He invented differential calculus at the age of 22 and integral calculus at the age of 23, which made great contributions to the cause of human science.

The secrets of gravity and light

When Newton was twenty-three, there was a plague in London. In order to prevent students from being infected, Cambridge University informed students to leave school and go home to avoid the epidemic, and the school was temporarily closed. Newton returned to his hometown of Lincolnshire. In the days when he didn't go to school in the country, he never stopped studying and researching. The basic work of gravity, calculus, optical analysis and other inventions was completed during this period.

At that time, children in rural areas often used slings for several rounds and then threw stones far away. They can also hold a bucket of milk over their heads without the milk falling down.

These facts made him suspicious: "What is the power to keep the stones in the slingshot and the milk in the bucket from falling?" For this question, he once thought of Kepler and Galileo. He went from vast space, endless planets, cold moon to huge earth, and then thought about the interaction between these giants. At this time, Newton plunged into the calculation and verification of "gravity". Newton plans to use this principle to verify the laws of the planets in the solar system. He first deduced the distance from the moon.

The distance between the earth, because the quoted data is incorrect, the calculation result is wrong. Because according to theory, the centripetal acceleration of the moon should be 16 feet per minute, but in fact it is only 13.9 feet. Newton didn't lose heart in the predicament of failure. On the contrary, he studies harder with greater efforts. After seven years of cold and heat, at the age of 30, he finally proved the world-famous "law of gravity" and laid the foundation for theoretical astronomy and celestial mechanics.

During this period, Newton also studied optics and discovered the origin of color. On one occasion, he used a homemade telescope to observe celestial bodies. No matter how he adjusted the lens, his viewpoint was always unclear. He thinks this may be related to the refraction of light. Then the experiment began. He left a small round hole in the darkroom window to transmit light, and put a prism behind the indoor window. A white screen was hung behind the prism to receive the light folded by the prism. As a result, to a big surprise, Newton was surprised to see that the refraction received on the white screen was elliptical and had two ends.

Show colorful colors. Newton thought deeply about this strange phenomenon. Knowing that light is refracted, the white light of the sun is scattered into seven colors: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and purple. So white light (sunlight) is composed of seven colors of light: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and purple. It is for this reason that nature is sunny after the rain, and the sunshine is refracted and reflected by the raindrops around the sky, forming a colorful rainbow.

Newton pointed out after further research that everything in the world has color, not itself. The sun shines on everything, and every object only absorbs the color it accepts and reflects the color it cannot accept. The color of this reflection is the color of various objects that people see. This theory accurately reveals the origin of color, and all kinds of color theories that have appeared in the world since ancient times have been overthrown by it.

Newton was able to make such great achievements, and the profound mathematical foundation laid by his hard work in his early years played an important role.

Enter the realm of selflessness

On a rugged mountain road, a white-haired old man is slowly climbing the mountain with a horse. People walked slowly in front, horses followed step by step, and monotonous hooves rang in the valley. Walking, the horse suddenly ran away, and the old man didn't notice it because he was immersed in extreme thinking. The old man still climbed the mountain bravely, holding the reins of the horse in his hand. When he climbed to a flat place and wanted to ride a horse, he pulled the reins, only one rope was pulled in front. Looking back, the horse was gone.

Newton spent most of his time studying except taking a little time to exercise every day. Once, in the study, he was thinking while cooking eggs. Thinking hard almost made him insane. Suddenly, the water in the pot boiled. I quickly lifted the pot and looked, "Ah!" He exclaimed, but it was a pocket watch cooked in the pot. It turned out that when he was thinking about the problem, he absently put the pocket watch as an egg in the pot.

On another occasion, Newton invited a friend to his home for lunch. He was fascinated by science and forgot it. As usual, his servant only prepared Newton's lunch for himself. Near noon, the guests were invited. The guests saw Newton immersed in calculation problems, with manuscript paper and books on the table and bed. Seeing this, the guest didn't bother Newton. Seeing the food on the table, he thought it was for him and sat down to eat. After eating, he left quietly. Newton finished the problem and went to the table to get ready for lunch.

When I was eating, I saw the chicken bones on my plate and suddenly realized, "I thought I wouldn't eat them, so I ate them."

It doesn't matter whether these stories are true or not, but it shows that Newton was a thoughtful man, slovenly and pretending to be quiet. He is extremely absorbed in science, always thinking about the rotation of the stars and the changes of the universe, and has entered the realm of selflessness.

Modest and prudent style of study

"The rivers and rivers are very calm, and knowledgeable people are very modest." All great men who have made great contributions to human development have the virtue of modesty. Whenever Newton made great achievements in science, he was never complacent, thought himself great, and rushed to publish his works to make himself famous all over the world.

When Newton worked hard to work out the law of gravity, he was not in a hurry to publish it. Instead, I continued to think tirelessly for several years, studied for several years, and immersed myself in digital calculation, never saying a word to anyone. Later, Newton's friend, the great astronomer Harley (the discoverer of the comet), made a special trip to ask Newton when he had difficulty in proving a law about planetary orbits. Newton gave Harley his manuscript on the calculation of gravity. Harley didn't know until he saw it. The question he wanted to ask was Newton.

I envy those problems that have been solved by calculation.

1684 1 1 month One day, Harley visited Newton's apartment again. When it comes to academic problems related to astronomy, Newton took out a written paper to demonstrate "gravity" and asked Harley for advice. After reading it, Harley was very surprised at this masterpiece. He said to Newton with joy, "This is really a great argument and a great book!" " "He repeatedly advised Newton to publish this great book as soon as possible for the benefit of mankind. But Newton did not listen to the good advice of his friends and published his own book easily. But by

After repeated verification and calculation for a long time, it was confirmed to be correct, and in July 1687, the Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy was published to the whole world.

Newton was a very modest man and never conceited. Someone once asked Newton, "What is the secret of your success?" Newton replied, "If I have a little success, there is no other secret but diligence." He added, "If I see farther, it is because I stand on the shoulders of giants." How meaningful these words are! It vividly reveals the secret of Newton's great achievements, that is, on the basis of previous research results, with dedication, he diligently created and developed a branch.

A new world of learning.

Li ka-shing

Won the International Outstanding Entrepreneur Award in 2000;

He is a world-famous business tycoon;

He is the pride of hipsters.

The name Li Ka-shing has shocked the world since 1970s, especially the real estate and financial circles. The name Li Ka-shing means wealth to Hong Kong people. Li Ka-shing's hard-working, honest and tireless spirit of personal struggle, unique judgment, bold decision-making power, and good at employing people constitute the factors of success. So he also has the titles of Superman Lee, Big Brother Cheng, Plastic Flower King, Real Estate Raptor and Real Estate King.

Li Ka-shing was born in a scholarly family in a busy street in Chaozhou. Smart and detached from childhood, he studied hard. From 65438 to 0939, the Japanese invaders invaded Chaoshan and fled to Hong Kong with their parents. They experienced war, poverty and famine, and also cultivated the spirit of hard work. 1950, Mr. Li Ka-shing, 22, named after the mother river of the Chinese nation, founded "Changjiang Plastic Factory" to express his childlike innocence. After decades of efforts, in 1988, he has owned five major companies, including Changjiang Industry, Hutchison Whampoa and HEC, as well as more than 100 affiliated companies and more than 50 joint ventures, forming a well-funded and powerful "economic kingdom" of Li. In 2000, he himself became one of the five richest people in the world. Mr. Li has gone from noodle restaurant to the world, and his position is so prominent, but he is still so humble and peaceful. On one occasion, Mr. Li attended the groundbreaking ceremony of Shantou University. Originally, as the founder of Shantou University, he should have written his name on the first page of the VIP roster, but Mr. Li didn't and signed his name on the third page. In this banquet, regardless of his position, he toasted, shook hands and talked with every guest, without making people feel "isolated" at all. Mr Li Ka-shing is one of the few rich people in the world, but he is not arrogant and extravagant. He still insists on frugality, honesty, health, indifference, quietness and unpretentious.

What is even more admirable is that although Mr. Li Ka-shing has achieved great success, he still does not forget his motherland and hometown. He once said with emotion: "I have lived in Hong Kong for decades and miss my country and my hometown every day." "As a descendant of the Chinese people, I must constantly strive for self-improvement. When I am developed, I will not forget my home country and serve my country in the future." Mr. Li is well aware that "the importance of education is related to the prosperity of the country, the rise and fall of society and the advance and retreat of the times". Unfortunately, before the 1980s, there was no institution of higher learning in Chaoshan area with an area of more than 10,000 square kilometers and a population of tens of millions. To this end, he began to invest in Shantou University from 1980. By the end of last year, * * * had donated1200 million yuan, built 360,000 square meters of school buildings, set up 9 colleges of arts, science, engineering, medicine, law and business, and delivered them to the whole country and Chaoshan area. At the fifth Council meeting of Shantou University held last year, Mr. Li sincerely expressed his sincere respect and gratitude to everyone who grew up in Shantou University. Here, I can't help but think of a sentence that Teacher Li once said in Shantou University: "Achievement plus modesty is the most valuable."

Li Ka-shing's personality saving power is lofty, and his achievements are beyond anyone's reach. In June 2000, he won the 2000 International Outstanding Entrepreneur Award, and Mr. Li Ka-shing was the first Chinese entrepreneur to win this honor. Mr Fraser, Chairman of the Nomination Committee for the Grand Prize, said in presenting the award: Mr. Li Ka-shing is one of the most famous entrepreneurs in the world, and he deserves this award.

This great entrepreneur, despite numerous awards, still regards himself as an ordinary person, a citizen and a businessman, and tries his best to serve the society. For decades, he has donated more than HK$ 3.8 billion to all sectors of society. In his words: "If we just blindly pursue money and power and ignore the noble sentiments of human beings, then all progress and wealth creation will become meaningless."