Introduction to Tibetan character structure

Tibetan is a phonetic script composed of letters, but the arrangement of its letters is different from other alphabetic phonetic scripts.

Therefore, when you are learning Tibetan spelling, you must fully understand and be familiar with the character structure of Tibetan. When learning a new language, it is extremely important to understand its character structure, so that you can achieve With the effect of getting twice the result with half the effort, you can also understand the characteristics of this language and understand it fundamentally, which is better than simple repetition and imitation.

Today, we will talk about the text structure of Tibetan.

First of all, Tibetan is composed of 30 consonant letters and 4 vowel letters, which means that countless Tibetan characters are formed by the continuous combination of these 34 letters.

Tibetan has 30 consonants:

Tibetan has 4 vowels:

As mentioned above, Tibetan is composed of these 34 letters. Therefore, the combined structure is called Tibetan character structure. If you are familiar with the character structure, you will also understand the spelling rules of Tibetan, and thus understand its pronunciation rules, achieving the effect of understanding everything. This is also an important method for learning characters fundamentally.

Let’s talk about the first structure:

Consonant + vowel

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It can be clearly seen that This structure is a consonant letter plus a vowel letter. This is also the simplest spelling structure of Tibetan. First read the consonants and then the vowels, and then spell them out to get the pronunciation of this structured text.

The second text structure should be the most important part and the core part in the whole learning of Tibetan spelling. In this structure, we need to learn "suffixed characters". What is "suffixed characters"? What about "word"? The letters added after the consonants are called suffixes. There are 10 suffixes in Tibetan. Note: these 10 suffixes are derived from the 30 consonants and are not independent of the 30 consonants. of 10 letters.

Their differences are:

Thus, we get the second text structure

2. Consonants + suffixed words

Consonants +vowels+adding characters after them

In the third text structure, we need to learn "adding characters after adding characters again and again". What is "adding characters after characters after repeating it"? The letters added after the suffix are called heavy suffixes. There are 2 heavy suffixes in Tibetan. Note: these two suffixes are also derived from the 30 consonants and are not independent of the 30. 2 letters other than consonants.

Their differences are:

Thus, we get the third text structure

3. Consonant + added word after the word + added word after the emphasis

Consonant + vowel + suffixed word + heavy suffixed word

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In the fourth text structure, we need to learn " "Prefixed characters", what is "prefixed characters"? The letters added in front of the consonants are called prefixes. There are 5 prefixes in Tibetan. Note: these 5 postfixes are also derived from the 30 consonant letters and are not independent of the 30 consonant letters. 5 letters outside.

Their differences are:

Thus, we get the fourth text structure

4. Preceding characters + consonants + trailing characters

Preceded characters + consonants + trailing characters + heavy suffixed characters

Preceded characters + consonants + vowels + trailing characters

Preceded characters + consonants + vowels Sound + added word after stress + added word after stress

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Fifth For this text structure, we need to learn "Shangjia characters". What are "Shangjia characters"? The letters added to the consonants are called superscripts. There are three superscripts in Tibetan. Note: these three superscripts are also derived from the 30 consonant letters and are not independent of the 30 consonant letters. 3 letters outside.

Their differences are:

Thus, we get the fifth text structure

5. Added characters + consonants + added words after them

Additional characters + consonants + additional characters + added characters after emphasis

Additional characters + consonants + vowels + additional characters

Additional characters + consonants + vowels Sound + suffix + heavy suffix

Preceding + supercharging + consonant + suffix + heavy suffix

Prefixing + supercharging + Consonants + vowels + added words + added words after emphasis

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The sixth text structure, we need to learn "Xiajia Zi". What is "Xiajia Zi"? The letters added below the consonants are called subscripts. There are 4 subscripts in Tibetan. Note: these four superscripts are also derived from the 30 consonants and are not independent of the 30 consonants. 4 letters outside.

Their differences are:

Thus, we get the sixth text structure

6. Consonants + subtitles + subscripts

Consonants + added words + vowels + added words after the words

Consonants + added words after the words + vowels + added words after the words + added words after the heavy ones

Added words before the words + Consonant + Added word + Added word after

Added word before + Consonant + Added word + Added word + Added word after suffix

Added word before + Consonant + Added word after +vowel+additional word+additional word after emphasis

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The seventh text structure, we need to learn "duplicate characters". What is "duplicate characters"? There are superscripts above the consonants and subscripts below them, which look like stacked squares, so they are called duplexes. There are three types of duplexes, with a total of 14.

Their differences are:

Thus, we get the sixth text structure

7. Superscript+consonant+subscript+suffix

Additional characters + consonants + additional characters + vowels + additional characters

Additional characters + consonants + additional characters + vowels + additional characters + heavy emphasis Characters

Preceding characters + supercharging characters + consonants + descending characters + trailing characters + heavy appending characters

Prefixing characters + supercharging characters + consonants + descending characters +vowel+suffixed character

preceded character+supposed character+consonant+suffixed character+vowel+suffixed character+suffixed character

The above seven character structures are also the order in which Tibetan characters are spelled. If you fully master the character structures, you will also master the pronunciation rules, so that you can not only spell them, but also read them whole. Simple character structures gradually progress to complex character structures, which may seem complicated, but are actually very regular and easy to master. Therefore, relatively speaking, the spelling of Tibetan characters is not particularly difficult.

Take this character as an example. This is the most complex character structure in Tibetan, integrating all structures.