Festivals of minority Zhuang nationality, more detailed! thank you

The golden age of life is the New Year of Zhuang people. Time is one month earlier than Han nationality. In the past, every year on November 30 of the lunar calendar, every family slaughtered pigs and sheep, worshipped their ancestors, and went to the village to worship the society and welcome the new year. In the past, there was also a festival to welcome the New Year on August 1st. The music history of the Song Dynasty, Taiping Yuhuan Ji, records: "Tengzhou customs do not know the age, and only the days in August (that is, around October) are used as wax, and the old and the young celebrate each other as the year." The Zhuang people harvest rice in August as a New Year's festival, which is different from the Spring Festival of the Han people and is called "vulgar but ignorant of the age".

Although the Spring Festival of Zhuang nationality is influenced by the Spring Festival of Han nationality, the form and content of its activities have the characteristics of its own nation. Before the Song Dynasty, festivals in all parts of Zhuang nationality were determined according to the cycle of agricultural production. Since the Ming Dynasty, most areas have gradually adopted the Lunar Festival. The activities of the Zhuang people to welcome the New Year are roughly the same as those of the Han people. From the first day to the fifteenth day, on the fifteenth day, every household eats "Mother Zongzi" (extra-large Zongzi) specially prepared for their ancestors, which means that the New Year holiday is over. In some areas, the Chinese New Year is extended to the end of the month. A small sacrifice made of Pulsatilla or wormwood mixed with glutinous rice (commonly known as "Alba") is the end of the annual celebration, and some festivals are postponed to the second day of February. Therefore, the whole first month is usually regarded as the Spring Festival celebration period, which is called "Celebrating the First Month" and "Eating the First Month". The Zhuang language "the first month" is synonymous with the Spring Festival.

The first day of the Spring Festival is the biggest festival of the Zhuang nationality in a year. At dawn, everyone is dressed up and beaming. The bride and girls rushed to the stream spring to pick "fresh water" and drink "Liling water". Visit each other within the family and in the neighborhood to congratulate the elders, and adults should bring interest money to the children who come to visit the New Year. After New Year's greetings, every family goes to the temple near the village to offer sacrifices to the gods, praying for the safety of people and animals in the new year and a bumper harvest of grain. Some villages hold bronze drums, and young men and women from several villages meet to sing on the beach or pingba. On this day, apart from receiving visitors from other villages, the family does not help each other, so please have dinner. On that day, some places did not eat Zongba, thinking that opening Zongba would crack the ridge. And the most taboo quarrel, we seek harmony and good luck.

(1) Draw new water: Also called smart water, new water and good water. Spread in western Guangxi. In the early morning of the New Year's Day, the new wives or big girls of each household carry buckets, hold three sticks of incense and sing songs. They go to the river or spring, insert incense, put coins wrapped in red paper into the water as a profit, and pick up the first load of new water in the new year. Liu Xifan's "Spirit Table Ji Man Festival" contains: "On the first day of the New Year's Day, I took fresh water from the urn and sang the words' the spirits of cattle, sheep, chickens and six beasts come' along the way. This "new water" is sometimes called "smart water" or "smart water". Legend has it that the water on New Year's Day is the purest and most auspicious. After drinking, the girl will be smart and her voice will be sweet. Children will grow up healthily; Old people will get rid of illness and live longer; In some places, it is said that the clever girl who keeps the river puts her wisdom into the river on New Year's Day. Whoever gets new water first becomes smarter.

(2) Yingchun Cattle Team: "Yingchun Cattle" is an ancient custom circulating in Jingxi County, Guangxi. It began in the Yuan and Ming Dynasties. Spring cow is a native cow, made of clay in ancient times, and now it is a paper-bound spring cow. Ying Chun Niu means to persuade farmers at the beginning of spring. On this day, young men and women sing folk songs, ask and answer questions about solar terms and farming for one year, and throw cottonseed at spring cattle, wishing good weather and abundant crops. They use it to make friends and choose a match according to the songs.

(3) Snatching ducks: the custom of Zhuang people in Sicheng area, lingyun county, Guangxi. After New Year's Eve 12: 001minute, when people are scrambling to kill chickens and ducks, they will cook zongzi again and put it on the table to worship their ancestors according to the rules: put the whole chicken and duck in the center of the table, peel the zongzi and put it on both sides, and put a big garlic sprout with pig head meat or pig tail and red paper on both sides. Worship the ancestors first, then the king, the breeder, the pigsty, the cowshed, etc. Set off firecrackers immediately after the sacrifice. The first person to set off firecrackers will get the "first duck", thinking that getting the "first duck" will bring good luck.

(4) Carrying paper dogs to pay New Year's greetings: On the first day of the Lunar New Year, young men carry paper dogs to pay New Year's greetings to villages. Every household sets off firecrackers to welcome the New Year. This is the legacy of the ancient Zhuang people who worshipped dogs.

(5) Da Chun Hall: It is a popular entertainment activity for Zhuang people in Pingguo area during the Spring Festival. "Da Chun Hall" is to beat the wooden trough with a rice pestle. Now some places have changed to the form of hitting the bench with a pole, so it is also called "hitting the pole" or "hitting Lv Lie" according to its voice. Small-scale fairs are usually held in villages or courtyards or halls. Two or three pairs of men, women and children, holding pestles or shoulder poles, line up on both sides of the spring hall or bench. They beat each other rhythmically, or occasionally beat the spring hall or the bench, making a sound of "beating each other, beating each other, beating each other". A large-scale Telang was held in the open air at the edge of the village, and dozens of people lined up temporarily. On a large scale, Trang usually performs the whole process of planting rice, from harrowing seedlings to transplanting seedlings, scooping water to plowing the fields to harvesting and threshing and tasting new rice, which is quite festive.

(6) Eating Mother Zongzi: The Lantern Festival custom in western Guangxi, starting from New Year's Eve every year, a very large "mother Zongzi" and several small Zongzi are put on the stage to worship their ancestors. It was not until the Lantern Festival when the ancestors were worshipped again that the offerings were removed. This year was called "the year of scattered". In the "third year", the eldest daughter helps her parents or the oldest person in the family to sit in the middle of the hall, then peels off the "mother zongzi" and distributes it in turn according to the age of the family. Everyone should accept it respectfully and eat it up. This is eating "famous mother zongzi". After eating "Mother Zongzi", the whole family always urinates, carries Zongzi incense, burns incense at the fork in the road or by the stream at the entrance of the village, stands up and reads "Tactics to ward off evil spirits" or sings "Songs to ward off evil spirits", and scatters Zongzi leaves. This is called "selling scabies", "selling cough and asthma" and "sending bad luck". Local people believe that this custom can ensure the well-being and good luck in the New Year.

(7) Sacrificing frogmen, also known as "Another Grasshopper Festival" and "Honor to Grasshoppers Festival", is the grandest, oldest and most traditional festival with local ethnic characteristics among Zhuang people in Donglan, Tiane, Nandan and Fengshan in the middle and upper reaches of Hongshui River.

February-Sacrifice to the Land Lord, Land Woman Festival, Kao Festival, Baby Festival and Dog Birthday Festival.

(1) Festival for Sacrificing the Earth: held on the second day of the second lunar month every year. Zhuang nationality is a farming nation with a long history. It has lived on the land for generations, and worshipping the land god is very popular. There is a land temple in front of each village to worship the land god. People think that the land god is the protector of a place, which can not only bless the high yield of agriculture, but also protect the village from wild animals and ghosts. It is said that the second day of February is the birthday of the land god, and every household will kill the chicken and cook the meat will go to the land temple to offer sacrifices to the land god, praying for the blessing of high agricultural yield, prosperous human and livestock and safe life. Zhuang people in Daxin area call the second day of February Land Women's Day. At that time, the villagers donated money to kill pigs, invited Daogong to go to the land temple to recite the scriptures, celebrated the birthday of the land grandmother, and prayed for good weather and good harvests. Legend has it that there was once a kind and rich woman who died after giving birth to three daughters. Because she did some good things before her death, people built a land temple to commemorate her.

(2) Kao Festival: also known as Flower Festival, Hundred Flowers Fairy Festival or Flower Lady Festival. Folk religious festivals of Zhuang nationality. It is held on the second day or the nineteenth day of the second lunar month every year. During the festival, sisters and aunts from all villages get together to kill chickens and worship Kao Hua, praying for Kao Hua to give gifts to children and bless their healthy growth.

(3) Children's Day: Also known as "Children's Association", it is a folk children's festival of Zhuang nationality in Debao and Jingxi counties. It is held every year on the second day of February or March 28th of the lunar calendar. During the festival, children from all villages dressed in red and green gathered in the nearest market. Children get special permission from their parents to buy toys, stationery, rice noodles, cakes and other delicacies. Children's Day in Donglan and other counties is held on the hillside. In the early morning, when the cock crows all over the sky, the children set off firecrackers in front of their homes and held torches to the spring to drink "fairy water". After dawn, the children and their parents, with red eggs and other food, went to the hillside outside the village to play. I think children will be smarter after Children's Day.

(4) Dog Birthday Festival: a folk festival of Zhuang people in Jingxi, Longlin and Debao. It is held every year on February 22nd of the lunar calendar. According to folklore, the dog is the dragon dog in the sky, and its birthday is on February 22nd of the lunar calendar. It is the time when the dog god appears. Eating dog meat at this time can prolong life. So on this day, every household cooks dog meat.

March-Ge Wei Festival, Tomb-Sweeping Day

(1) March Song Festival: The third day of the third lunar month, also known as "March Song Festival" or "March Song Festival", is a traditional song festival of Zhuang people. There are several regular folk song gatherings of Zhuang nationality every year, such as the 15th day of the first month, the 3rd day of March, the 8th day of April and the 15th day of August, among which the 3rd day of March is the most grand. On this day, every household will cook colorful glutinous rice, color eggs and celebrate festivals. Songs usually last for two or three days at a time and are located in an open space not far from the village. Bamboo and cloth were used to build a singing studio to receive singers from other villages. Duets are mainly composed of unmarried young men and women, but old people and children come to watch and entertain. There are one or two thousand people in the small song fair and tens of thousands in the big one. Beside Ge Wei, vendors gather and folk trade is active. The people nearby provided accommodation for those who came to arrest Ge Wei, and they were warmly received whether they knew him or not. A large-scale song concert was attended by dozens of young men and women in Fiona Fang, with a sea of people and songs, which was really lively. Qiao Ye has always been a big song fair in Tianyang County. People go to song parties to compete and enjoy songs; Young men and women sing, and if they hit it off with each other, they give each other tokens as tokens of their love. In addition, there are interesting activities such as throwing hydrangeas and touching eggs. Throwing hydrangeas is mainly for entertainment, but also as a symbol of love. The girl took a fancy to a young man and threw the hydrangea to him. Touching eggs is to have fun with each other, and it is also a promise. The Song Festival is a grand gathering of people's trade and national culture. 1985, the district people's government designated March 3rd as Guangxi National Arts Festival.

(2) Tomb-Sweeping Day: a festival to sweep ancestral graves. When the Zhuang people worship their ancestors, they have to pay three sacrifices when sweeping graves. The extended family is related to ancestor worship; Hold a banquet in Fenshan, and invite all passers-by to the banquet. Generally, they sweep graves fifteen days before and after Tomb-Sweeping Day.

April-Cattle Soul Festival, Farming Festival and Mud Splashing Festival

(1) Cow Soul Festival: also known as "Cow King Festival" and "Off-yoke Festival". This is a festival for the Zhuang people to worship the cow god. The festival is held on April 8 of the lunar calendar every year, and in some places it is held on June 8 or August 8. According to legend, the eighth day of April is the birthday of Niu Wang. It used to be a god who was ordered by the Jade Emperor to plant grass for greening the world. The Jade Emperor stipulated that a handful of grass seeds should be sown every three steps, but three grass seeds were sown at a time. As a result, there are more grass on the ground than seedlings. The jade emperor sent it to eat grass on earth. Cattle come to the world, feed on grass, cultivate people, and work hard all year round. People appreciate its contribution, so they sacrifice the soul of the cow on their birthday. On that day, the farmer gave the cows a day off, and every household cleaned up the cows and redecorated the cowshed. The elders in the village commented on the cows in the village and encouraged all households to care for them. Every family steamed five-color glutinous rice, wrapped it in loquat leaves and fed it to cattle. Some of them put wine, meat, fruit and offerings outside the house, and their parents led an old cow around the dining table, so that the whole family could have a holiday meal.

(2) Tillage node: also known as harrow node, seedling node and seedling node. Folk agricultural festivals of Zhuang nationality in southern Guangxi. It is held on the fourth or eighth day of the fourth lunar month every year. During festivals, people must ask Daogong to exorcise ghosts before harrowing fields and transplanting rice.

(3) Mud Splashing Festival: a folk festival of Zhuang nationality in Xilin, Napo and Jingxi counties. It is held in the transplant season in April every year. The girl and the young daughter-in-law used the mud in the field to throw it at the man passing by the field and advised the man to farm. Legend has it that there was a married man in ancient times who often went out to sing and never came back when he was busy with farming. One day, his wife and a group of girls were transplanting rice seedlings, and he passed by the field without asking. The girl pretended to throw mud in the scuffle, turning him into mud so that he could not string it together. From then on, he changed his mind and worked with his wife * * *, and got a bumper harvest. This mud splashing activity to meet the harvest has since become a habit.

May-Medicine King Festival, Monkey Love Festival, Chicken Get Festival, Worship Festival and Dragon Boat Festival.

(1) Wang Yaojie: Also known as Pharmacist's Day. Folk festivals of Zhuang nationality. The Dragon Boat Festival is held in May of the lunar calendar every year, and the content of the festival varies from place to place. Zhuang people in Longsheng Autonomous County, Guangxi, went up the mountain to collect herbal decoctions such as Ubuntu, Hypericum japonicum, cucurbit tea and Acer truncatum for bathing. It is said that it can make skin smooth without scabies. Jingxi county has a special Zhuang medicine market. Every household will also make "Yang Jiao Zongzi", cook vinegar at home, burn grapefruit skin, and insert wormwood on the door to show exorcism.

(2) Love Monkey Festival: a folk festival for farmers in Huaihan Village, Xuyue Township, Jingxi County, Guangxi. It is held on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month every year. At that time, every family would send people to take fruits and food such as pumpkins, plums, plantains and cooked corn cobs, or put them in the mountains or on farms, and then hide in the corner of the stone until groups of monkeys gathered together to watch them eat and chew, and then people would quietly leave. Legend has it that this custom is related to Nong Gaozhi's resistance to the Song Dynasty. Once, Nong Gaozhi's troops were trapped in the mountains, and they relied on digging grass roots and peeling bark to satisfy their hunger. One morning on the fifth day of May, tens of thousands of monkeys suddenly fell off the cliff with giant pumpkins in their arms, and the rebels were saved. Therefore, people set up festivals to reward them.

(3) Rooster Day: "Rooster Day" is a transliteration of Zhuang language, which means cockerel. This is Children's Day, a traditional folk festival of Zhuang people in Debao, Jingxi and Napo counties of Guangxi. It is held on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month every year. A few days before the Chinese New Year, grandma's family will send a rooster weighing two pounds and a basket of glutinous rice to her grandson. On the day of the festival, parents cook "chicken" and steam five-color glutinous rice for their children early in the morning. At noon, the children invited several friends of similar age to go home, climb the pavilion for a party or have a picnic in the wild. After dinner, the children took out their own fruits and ate them together. They didn't go home until sunset.

(4) Worship Festival: a traditional folk festival of Zhuang nationality. It is held every year on May 13th of the lunar calendar. According to the old custom, men have the right to become sworn brothers at the age of twelve. At that time, if there are two close friends, the old man will be invited to preside over the oath ceremony. The two sides will report each other's ages, drink raw chicken blood, report to their ancestors and swear to heaven. After the ceremony, they became good brothers.

June-Liulang Festival, Dunna Festival, Mona Festival and Wang Lei Festival.

(1) June Festival: Also known as June Festival, air billow Festival or New Year's Eve. Traditional folk festivals of Zhuang nationality. It is held on the sixth day of the sixth lunar month every year. At that time, every household would kill chickens and ducks and cook five-color glutinous rice to worship their ancestors. According to legend, after Nong Gaozhi broke through the enemy's encirclement, the place where he passed in June was celebrated in June, and the place where he passed in July was celebrated in July. The Emperor of Song Dynasty was very jealous of Nong Gaozhi and forbade people to commemorate him. The Zhuang people then called June Festival Liulang Festival. July Festival is called air billow Festival, which commemorates its national hero in the name of patriotic star.

(2) Lantern Festival: a traditional festival of Zhuang nationality in western Guangxi. It is held on June 6th every year. On this day, in addition to cooking chickens and ducks, there are steamed cakes and steamed powder. At night, I will light naked lights in the field and will not kill insects all night.

(3) Mona Festival: a festival in Xia Lei, daxin county, Guangxi, where the Zhuang people offer sacrifices to Sheshe, the god of the forest, and Shennong. It is held at the end of June of the lunar calendar every year. At that time, a pig will be slaughtered collectively, and one person in each household will bring half a catty of rice wine, vegetables and incense sticks to worship and pray for shenlin and Shennong to bless the harvest.

(4) Day of Sacrifice to King Mo

July-Water Storage Festival, New Year Tasting Festival, Ancestor Soul Festival and Young Crop Festival.

(1) Water Storage Festival: a traditional folk festival of Zhuang nationality in Jingxi and Debao counties of Guangxi. It is held on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month every year. Every household will clean the water storage tank and then go to the spring, stream or river to fill it with fresh water. People call the water picked up on this day "fairy water", which is used to cook longevity wine for the elderly, porridge for children, pickled cabbage and fruit, and can also be used to dye cloth, make wine, make vinegar and treat diseases.

(2) Taste the New Year Festival: one of the traditional folk festivals. It is held every year when the new valley is mature in July and August of the lunar calendar. Generally, they are single-family households, inviting neighbors and relatives to live together. On the day of tasting the New Year, every family cooks big rice and rich dishes. Early in the morning, the women went to the fields to cut green rice leaves for the shrine, offer prepared food and fruits, light incense and light oil lamps. When everything is ready, call the dog to the shrine, scoop up a spoonful of new rice and give a little to each dish. In order to thank him for his contribution, let him eat first on this day as a reward.

(3) Sacrifice to Ancestors' Soul Festival: The 14th day of the seventh lunar month is a sacrificial festival for the Zhuang people. According to legend, the ancient Mid-Autumn Festival was celebrated on July 15, and Wenshan, Yunnan still has reservations. Later, a disaster happened, and some people celebrated the festival in advance and then fled; Others fled to make up for their holidays. Therefore, it is a custom to celebrate festivals on July 14 and 16. The content of this festival is to worship ancestors and ghosts. According to legend, July 14 is the day when Buluotuo, the ancestor of Zhuang nationality, died, so people have paid homage to their distant ancestors on this day for generations. It is also said that the ghosts of people who died abnormally are homeless, become wild ghosts and wander around. In order to avoid its harm, people worship both ancestors and ghosts. Its practice is to kill chickens and ducks, make steamed buns with steamed cakes, and cut clothes, shoes and socks for the four seasons with colored paper. After the family sacrifice, go to the riverside for a wild sacrifice at night, burn incense and candles, burn paper clothes and let the ashes drift with the water. In addition, on this day, all married women will go back to their parents' home to visit relatives, but they must go back after the holiday and can't stay at their parents' home that night.

(4) Young crops festival: a folk festival of Zhuang farmers in western Guangxi. It is held in July of the lunar calendar every year. At that time, pork and rice will be provided as offerings to the fields outside the village, indicating that Miao God can enjoy them. Then the road ban began, so as not to disturb Miao God. At the same time, the whole village got together, drinking and singing peasant songs, wishing a good harvest.

August-the birthday of the gods, the moon worship festival.

(1) Birthday of the Gods: a folk religious festival of Zhuang nationality. It is held in early August of the lunar calendar every year. Zhuang nationality is a polytheistic nation, and they regard August 2nd as the same festival for the gods. Therefore, every year is a day of offering sacrifices to worship.

(2) Mid-Autumn Festival: commonly known as Mid-Autumn Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival and Reunion Festival. On this day, Zhuang people eat moon cakes and steam powder to make cakes to celebrate the festival of killing ducks with chickens. Appreciate and worship the moon and Yue Bai in various ways. For example, in Mashan, Shanglin and Du 'an counties of Guangxi, people set up platforms in the water with bamboo to watch the bright moon in the sky and the moon shadow in the water. In Longsheng, Zhongshan and other counties in Guangxi, every household celebrates eleven months, symbolizing eleven months in ancient legends. If you don't eat these eleven Ciba, you will eat ten, and only one is allowed, symbolizing a moon in the sky now; All places are used to bringing round food to Yue Bai, such as moon cakes, grapefruit, peanuts and taro, which means that the world is round and auspicious. This day is also a day for family reunion. There is a full moon in the sky, human reunion, and family happiness. There are also many recreational activities in various places. In Debao and Jingxi counties of Guangxi, Yueniang was invited to come down to earth to have fun with the people through the "crooked sea". Young men and women in western and northern Guangxi held song parties in selected places to express their love for songs. Therefore, August 15 is also called Mid-Autumn Festival in many places. Children use grapefruit skin as masks, step on high shoulders and play the role of tall men and short women, having fun all night. On this day, people avoid the word "round" and replace it with the words "Tuan" and "Luan", otherwise it is disrespectful to the moon.

September-Respect for the Elderly, Bailing Festival and New Valley Festival

(1) September 9th: There is a saying in Zhuang language that "ninety-nine percent is immortal at the age of 100". This part is mainly for the elderly? Farmers also have holidays, but farmers with old people are particularly particular about it. The son wants to shave the old man's head and put on new clothes; The married daughter will come back with a chicken, a few kilograms of rice, commonly known as "food supplement", to add rice to the elderly and prolong life. During the dinner, children and grandchildren feed the elderly first, and then eat to show filial piety.

(2) Bailing Festival: Guangxi Tiandeng Zhuang traditional folk festival. It is held on the ninth day of the ninth lunar month. According to legend, it was held in memory of Bailing, a young warrior who slew dragons and killed people. On that day, young men and women gathered at the edge of Bailing Spring, offering sacrifices to Bailing Spring, singing and entertaining themselves.

(3) New Valley Festival: a folk festival of Zhuang farmers in daxin county, Guangxi. On the first day after harvesting in October of the first lunar month, the newly harvested glutinous rice was used, and chickens and ducks were slaughtered at the same time, offering sacrifices to ancestors to show the cool breeze.

10 month-catch the festival.

Catch the festival is to catch the first first frost Festival. Traditional festivals popular in Xia Lei Township, daxin county. Every year on the eve of first frost, dozens of men, women and children in Fiona Fang will wear colorful clothes, bring food such as Ciba, local products and incense, and rush to Xia Lei Township to attend the party. On this day, a ceremony was held to offer sacrifices to "General Mohuai Temple" for friends to socialize or barter. In the evening, young men and women sing songs to make friends and talk about love, so it is also called "the first frost song party". After three days of excitement, I "dispersed".

65438+ February-Cooking Festival, New Year's Eve

(1) Cooking Festival:1February 23rd is a traditional festival for the Zhuang people to offer sacrifices to the Kitchen God, aiming at sending the Kitchen God to heaven. It is believed that the kitchen god manages the fire for the farmers' kitchen stoves all the year round, which is bitter and dirty. From the 23rd day of the twelfth lunar month to the first day of the first month of the following year, farmers gave the kitchen god a seven-day holiday, gave Chen a farewell dinner, and posted a small couplet at the mouth of the kitchen stove: "Heaven is good, and it is authentic and auspicious". This means going to heaven, putting in a good word for your family and praying for prosperity and happiness.

(2) Lunar New Year's Eve, also called Lunar New Year's Eve, is the busiest and most lively festival for Zhuang people in a year. Every household kills pigs, makes zongzi, makes rice cakes, sews new clothes and sticks Spring Festival couplets. In the evening, pig's head, capon and fruit were solemnly offered to ancestors. Adults stand guard around the fire on new year's eve; Children like their games and stay up all night. Every household hangs firecrackers in front of the door, and the chickens are released as soon as they crow. It is most auspicious to set off firecrackers at the first crow, commonly known as "pressing the chicken's mouth." And offer sacrifices by the fire to welcome the kitchen god back. After that, each chicken will crow again and set off firecrackers until dawn.