"It shows that in the years of white terror, the author deeply felt the coldness of the world, so he particularly longed for the "flavor of life" living in the south of the Yangtze River in the past.

"It shows that in the years of white terror, the author deeply felt the coldness of the world, so he particularly longed for the "flavor of life" living in the south of the Yangtze River in the past. "——Thinking like this, I suddenly raised my head and realized that it was already... In front of his own door; he gently opened the door and went in. There was no sound. His wife had been asleep for a long time. "The author concludes with this, which seems to be natural and ordinary, but is actually a burst of cold water, which makes "I" completely shocked back to reality from that kind of detachment, feeling dissatisfied with reality but unable to find a way out. It comes to mind again.

This is how "Moonlight over the Lotus Pond" uses emotions as the foundation of the article's theme and as the link of its internal connections, constructing an elegant and tranquil "Moonlight over the Lotus Pond" picture. , blending into his faint joy and faint sadness, expressing his subtle and difficult-to-understand mood, forming a perfect artistic whole.

lt; back view gt; gt; This article, The writing is very classic and very touching. I like it very much. After reading it, you seem to see the back of a tall father - and you see the fat man in the green cotton robe and black mandarin. The writing is so apt and true that it makes people shed tears.

Sometimes, we can only feel the kindness and care of the mother, because maternal love is great, but in fact, the love of a father. It's also great. Maybe sometimes you can't even feel your father's love, because every father expresses his love for his children in different ways. Some are strict (this is the truth of a strict father and a loving mother), and some are reserved ( In fact, he cares about his children, but does not show it), just like Zhu Ziqing's father, his father's love for him is the kind of introverted love, some of which are...

Therefore, every child has You should be filial to your parents, otherwise you will be very sorry for your parents! Because every parent devotes all his energy to his children. May all parents in the world be healthy and happy forever. My parents are as blessed as the flowing water in the East China Sea, and live as long as the evergreen pines in the Southern Mountains. May every family be happy, harmonious and peaceful!

Writing background

This article is the author’s reminiscence of eight years ago!

The author was studying in the Philosophy Department of Peking University. When he learned that his grandmother had passed away, he rushed from Beijing to Xuzhou and returned to Yangzhou with his father for the funeral.

After the funeral, his father went to Nanjing to find a job. , the author returned to Beijing to study, and his father and son said goodbye in Pukou.

The main idea of ??the paragraph

The full text is divided into three parts:

1. Part 1 (first paragraph):

When I miss my father, the most unforgettable thing is his "back".

2. Part Two (from "That Winter" to "My Tears Come Again." "):

Recall the past, recount the scene of parting with his father at the station, and express the father's sincere feelings for his son.

The first level (from "that winter" to " We will walk together"):

Explain the family situation when the father and son parted this time, adding a sad atmosphere to the "Back View".

The second layer ("From the time when we arrived in Nanjing" to "...so smart"):

Write about father's careful care before seeing him off, paving the way for writing "Back View"

The third level (from "I said" to "I said". "...Here we go again"):

Describe the "back view" of the father climbing across the railway to buy oranges, expressing his sincere feelings.

3. The third part (last paragraph):

Write about missing your father after saying goodbye. It ends by reappearing the "back view" in tears, directly expressing the deep nostalgia.

Theme

Through the description of the scene where the father saw off his son at the station, it shows the father's meticulous love for his son and the son's longing for his father.

The article is about what the author experienced when he was studying at Peking University in 1917. It was written in 1925. The situation in Chinese society during this period was: warlords were separatist, imperialist forces were fighting openly and secretly, intellectuals were in danger, and the working people were in dire straits.

Although the author did not take a revolutionary stance at the time and was involved in the struggle against imperialism and feudalism, as an upright, kind and honest intellectual, he was bound to feel the oppression of society and feel lonely and desolate. Isn't it? The author's family is becoming increasingly embarrassed due to the darkness of society. "The situation is very bleak" and "every day is worse than the day."

The author's father was "unemployed" at first, and then died in order to find a job. "Walking around" and even Lao Jing's "depression"

These all reflect from one aspect the reality that the intellectuals at that time were busy toiling, had a bleak future, found a job difficult, and were in a miserable situation. A layer of lingering gloom hangs over their hearts, just like the gloomy tone expressed in the article

In this context, the author writes about the sincere, deep and touching love between father and son, which is not only A traditional pure and noble feeling that is in line with our national ethics, and father and son are considerate of each other, especially the father. The love between father and son that combines bitterness and sadness contains the struggle in the face of misfortune and the old indifference to human feelings. The struggle of the world. Although this is just resentment but not anger, it will also arouse people's sympathy, lamentation and even strong outcry.

The story described in "Back" is very simple. A small official who lost his job sent his son north to study and said goodbye at the train station. In the old China ruled by warlords, this kind of thing was very common. In that dark society, even such a well-off family could not withstand the blows of natural and man-made disasters. The article records the misfortune of the author's family and the gloomy state of the world at that time, and reflects the social reality at that time from one aspect

Although this kind of society no longer exists, the scene recorded is very important to our readers today. , especially the young generation, still plays a role in historical understanding.

Writing Characteristics

The characteristic of this prose is to grasp the characteristics of the character "back", organize the material, and express the deep affection between father and son in the narrative.

"Back" appears four times in the article. Each time the situation is different, but the thoughts and feelings are the same.

The first time is at the beginning of the article, with the title "Back", and there is a strong emotional atmosphere surrounding the whole article.

The second time is in the farewell scene at the station. The author made a detailed description of his father's "back", which is the focus of the writing. The father's fat body, wearing a large black cloth mandarin jacket and a dark blue cloth cotton robe, staggered across the railway track with difficulty to buy oranges for his son. This scene showed the father's deep love for his son and moved the son to tears.

The third time was after the father and his son said goodbye. The son watched his father's "back" disappear in the crowd, feeling sad and tearful.

The fourth time is at the end of the article. The son reads his father's letter, and his father's "back" appears again in tears. The feeling of longing cannot be overcome, echoing the beginning of the article.

This work vividly expresses the sincere feelings between father and son, but it is different from ordinary works that describe portraits of characters, focusing on the depiction of expressions, voices, and smiles. Instead, it captures a characteristic of the characters." "Back View", he spared no effort to describe it in detail and detail.

Why does the author handle it this way?

This is closely related to the author's family background and state of mind.

Because my father was in a "decadent" old age, suffered from many hardships, and was down and out for most of his life.

When his family was in dire straits, his grandmother passed away, and he was looking for a job, he still worked hard and took the trouble to send his son to Beijing. He also climbed the railway with difficulty to buy oranges for his son, and repeatedly warned him to be careful along the way.

At that time, the father was in a bad mood, and the son was also in a bad mood.

Then, the author captures the "back" of his father and concentrates on it to express his thoughts and feelings in a specific environment, which naturally achieves a strong artistic effect.

Precisely because the work writes about a specific family situation, state of mind, and the love and affection between a loving father and a filial son, there is a touch of sadness between the lines, which makes it more sincere and moving.

1. Nationalization:

The language of "Back" is very faithful and simple, and also very elegant and refined.

This highly nationalized language, the national spiritual temperament expressed in "Back View", and the perfect structure of the article in "Back View" form a harmonious unity. Without the bright, elegant, simple and honest language of "Back View", there would be no all the charm of "Back View".

2. Conciseness:

The article is clean throughout and there are no redundant words. Even the word "的" or the word "了" must be used before they are used. Except for the inclusion of some classical Chinese words, there are no fancy words, and the uncommon words are all simple and natural homely words, which have a strong flavor of life and are refined very concisely.

3. Simplicity:

"Back View" uses white line drawings to describe the facts without any modification or exaggeration.

The whole article describes how much the father cares and loves his son, and how much the son appreciates and misses his father. However, there are no abstract ready-made words like "care", "love" and "gratitude" in the article. Use it, and there are no fancy words. Dapu is the expression of Daqiao.

The words and sentences used in the article have been carefully considered and are never casual.

For example, the part about seeing me off: "Because my father was busy with work, he had already decided not to see me off, so he asked a familiar waiter in the hotel to accompany me. He repeatedly asked the waiter to be very careful." "It's decided", if you use "said", it seems to make sense, but it is much inferior. It was "decided" not to give it away, but later it was finally given. In fact, it was undecided, which perfectly showed the father's ambivalence at the time. The word "familiar" indicates that the waiter entrusted by his father should be reliable; "repeated instructions" indicates that he has given instructions to the waiter many times, taking the trouble to explain them repeatedly, lest the waiter make any omissions; "very carefully" indicates the content of the instructions. In detail, all the details that should be paid attention to when sending off are mentioned. These terms emphasize that the father has made extremely detailed and thorough considerations and arrangements for his son to get into the car. Although the words are very ordinary, they are used just right, making the father's love for his son vivid on the page.

4. Touching

The language is plain and concise, but it can convey infinite affection, which is another feature of the language of the article. The whole text is plain and simple, but there is a deep feeling of nostalgia permeating between the lines, so it is very touching. The words are very ordinary, nothing special. Readers have this kind of life experience, so it is easy to arouse associations. From this, they can discover the common and common but most precious beautiful feelings in the world, which can cultivate people's temperament and enhance people's temperament. Understanding the hearts of parents in the world.

5. Mixed text and white text:

The reason for the appearance of classical Chinese in the article: The author has a deep foundation in classical Chinese. Classical Chinese words and phrases were often included in the stylistic texts at that time. This is on the one hand : On the other hand, the use of classical Chinese words and phrases in the article may also be related to the author's thoughts and feelings at the time.

For example, instead of saying "unemployment" or "lost his job",

"Idleness" seems to be less harsh, embarrassing and undignified than "unemployment"; the last stanza is more authentic because the father's letter is in classical Chinese and the original sentence is quoted, and also because what it expresses is family. The dilemma with his father, the desolate mood and the complicated feelings, so many classical Chinese words and phrases are also used, which also casts a layer of special language color given to petty bourgeois intellectuals by the times.

In terms of writing method, the main feature of "Back" is line drawing. The author used line drawing to describe the back of his father and the scene of crossing the railway when buying oranges.

The so-called line drawing, according to my understanding, is to use simple words to faithfully record the scene at that time without using metaphors, descriptions or modifications, so as to give readers a sense of witnessing it. In other words, line drawing is a description using a narrative method to achieve the artistic effect of reproducing the actual scene.

The author's line drawing skills in "Back View" are very high. Please read the text below:

I saw him wearing a black cloth cap, a black cloth mandarin jacket, and a dark green cloth cotton robe. He staggered to the side of the railway and slowly leaned down. It was not a disaster. But it was not easy for him to cross the railway and climb to the platform over there. He clung to it with both hands and retracted his feet; his fat body leaned slightly to the left, showing an effort. At this time I saw his back, and my tears flowed down quickly.

I quickly wiped away my tears, fearing that he would see me and others would see me. When I looked at him again, he had already hugged the scarlet orange and looked back. When crossing the railway, he first scattered the oranges on the ground, climbed down slowly, then picked up the oranges and walked away. When he got here, I hurriedly helped him.

The son is too familiar with his father’s back. But what I want to describe is not the common back view, but the back view that moved him so much on a specific occasion that he will never forget! The author does not use thick ink or heavy colors, but uses white lines.

The author wrote down his father’s clothes, body and movements at that time, with particular emphasis on the scene of crossing the railway.

How to walk, how to lean down, how to climb up the platform, climb up and down, move your feet and lean forward, are all written down in detail and truthfully. After reading, we feel like we are actually there. It was as if we were present and witnessed the care and thoughtfulness of a kind father towards his son.

The author has no words to describe it, nor does he try to exaggerate it. He uses extremely simple words to vividly outline the image of his father.

The scene where my father saw me off happened eight years ago. The author uses line drawings to reproduce the moving scenes at that time extremely vividly. We cannot help but admire Zhu Ziqing's descriptive skills. This kind of writing, at first glance, seems to be "I have not seen my father for more than two years, and the last thing I can't forget is his back." The writing seems dull, but in fact it reveals novelty in the dullness:

Why is it that what "I" cannot forget the most is not my father's voice and smile, but his "back"? This creates suspense and makes the reader eager to continue reading, which naturally leads to the following narration. The three words "not meeting each other" also have a profound meaning, which you will understand after reading it.

The first time I shed tears was sadness.

Because the author rushed from Beijing to Xuzhou to attend the funeral with his father with a heavy heart. When he saw the "messy things in the courtyard", he was so sad that he couldn't help but burst into tears.

Generally speaking, if people are in poverty and helplessness, they often rely on gifts from external forces, hoping to turn danger into safety and get on a smooth road again. My father was forced by life, so he wanted to go to Nanjing to find a job with the hope that "there is no perfect way". In fact, due to the crazy plunder of imperialism, the brutal oppression of feudalism, and the warlords' successive years of melee, the majority of the people are struggling on the verge of death. Finding a job at a time when people are dying of hunger and refugees are gathering here is as difficult as climbing to the sky!

In this article, the author first explains the family situation at the time of this separation: my grandmother passed away, my father lost his job, he sold off his mortgage to pay off old debts, and borrowed new debts to pay for the funeral. In this day when misfortune never comes singly. Here, the father went out to seek work, and the son left home to study. It was a sad farewell. These explanations explain the background of the separation of father and son, and exaggerate the sad and sad atmosphere for the "back view". It has successfully paved the way for deepening the theme. There are many such foreshadowings in the article. For example, before describing the back of a father buying oranges for his son, the father personally sends his son to the station, takes care of his luggage, picks his seat, and gives instructions to the waiter. These careful cares pave the way for the detailed description of the "back" below.

The "stay" in Nanjing is not the main content of this article. Moreover, the author has no intention of "traveling", so he only mentions it briefly.

When we arrived at Pukou Station, my father was busy taking care of "my" luggage, hiring a porter for "me", and personally seeing "me" on the train and choosing a seat. Having taken care of him so meticulously and thoughtfully, my father was still a little worried, so he took the trouble to give "me" a lot of instructions like telling a child who had never been far away, so that "I secretly laughed at his pedantic". It was really pitiful. The hearts of parents in the world! The author describes his father's actions, language, and character with such fine detail, highlighting his father's consideration and care for "me" and truly establishing the image of a loving father

For his father "I" failed to understand the true love for my son at the time, thinking it was just trivial matters. "I always felt that his words were not very beautiful" and "I secretly laughed at his pedantic". Now that I realize the many benefits my father has given me, I blame myself, "I was really too smart back then."

Being self-blaming shows that you truly understand your father’s love.

Expressing a feeling of guilt that I hated myself for not being able to understand my father's deep affection

My father had already sent me to the car and took care of everything. I also advised my father to "just go". My father had important things to do, but I have to buy some oranges. This is how my father loves his son.

Why is it touching to buy oranges?

Because it was very difficult for my father to climb up and down the railway. At this point in the writing, there are twists and turns in the plainness, pushing the article to a lyrical climax.

The first "look" of "I", from which I worry about my father's difficulties, is the "look" that foreshadows the next step. "There are a few sellers outside the fence of the platform." "I" looked at it and thought: To get to the platform, I have to cross the railway and jump down to climb up. My father is a fat man, so it is naturally troublesome. In this way, it not only lays the foundation for the development of the plot, but also explains the environment of the characters' activities to highlight their difficulties and hardships.

Why does father bother to buy oranges? The author made an explanation first. Every sentence is essential. Why must we cross the railway? Because the seller is outside the fence on the platform over there. Why bother crossing the railroad? One is that "you have to jump down and climb up again", and the other is that the father is a fat man.

Focus on description and detail. Write about the clothes of your father you saw and outline a general appearance. There are not many sentences, but they are full of affection, because it is only at this time, in the specific situation that the father and son are about to be far away, that the father's familiar clothes attract the author's attention; the back of his hard work is so touching. , leaving an indelible impression on the author.

The third "look" of "I" is a "look" full of tears, tears and tears. "At this time I saw his back, and my tears flowed down quickly." This is the back view with eyes blurred by tears, this is the back view showing the heightened feelings of love for a son and respect for his father.

Here, a brief summary of the previous specific observations is made, which is a point of writing with deep emotions that accumulates strength. Here, I use the visual back and the touching tears to express my psychological activities, in order to highlight the special effect of my father’s orange buying behavior.

I shed tears for the second time because I was moved.

The most touching part of the father's image is shown in his old and hobbling way to buy oranges for "me". His sincere and burning feelings reached the highest point. Human beings are not wood or stone, how can the author not shed tears for them?

This back view is so touching because the author wrote about his own feelings. The author was 20 years old at the time. He wrote several times above about his disapproval of his father's actions, but now "my tears flowed down quickly."

It is precisely because this back view is so touching. This kind of relationship between father and son is very touching. The most powerful way to express a father's love is through the affection between parents and children. This one is particularly powerful and contagious. The author must have had a lot on his mind at that time, but he didn't write anything. He only used tears to highlight this touching back view.

“Afraid”: Afraid that my father will be sad if he sees it; what about fear that others will see him? Be embarrassed.

When writing about my father's return, I no longer elaborate on the scenes of crossing the railway and climbing on the platform. Instead, I use the father's actions of "scattering" and "picking up" oranges to express the process of going up and down the platform. During the process, my father walked back holding the red oranges. "When crossing the railway, he first scattered the oranges on the ground, climbed down slowly, and then picked up the oranges and walked away." He put the oranges down and picked them up again, not afraid at all. trouble. Writing this way makes the article varied and avoids repetition. The words "pick up" and "scatter" also indicate the number of oranges purchased.

He walked to the car and "put all the oranges on my fur coat. Then I patted the dirt on my coat and felt very relaxed." His father bought the oranges with a lot of hard work. , not even tasting any of them, leaving them all for his son to enjoy, and felt very relaxed about it. In the father's mind, his son is everything! Here, the true love of a loving father and his son is revealed vividly. This "dirt on the clothes" complements the image of climbing up and down in front.

This kind of relaxed mood is a kind of love. This sentence also explains why my father refused to let me go but insisted on going by myself: the more I fulfill my responsibility as a father, the more I feel in my heart. Feeling at ease and contented.

At the same time, the author depicts the character's psychology and emotions not through dialogue but through actions, showing that although the father was in a heavy heart, he had to suppress his sorrow for separation because he was afraid that his son would be sad. ".

The final farewell is mainly described in words. When we parted, the father told his son again: "I'm leaving; come over there and write a letter!" Finally, he turned around after a few steps and told me: "Go in." , there’s no one inside.” At this time, he was still distracted by his son’s safety on the journey. Although the words of exhortation are simple and honest, they are deeply emotional.

"Blending in" is accurate, because there are many people coming and going at the station.

For such a loving father who loved his son as much as his life, when his back disappeared into the crowd of people coming and going, of course the author burst into tears.

At the end, I mentioned the back view again. I have a deep understanding of my father. This time I feel special pity, loss and attachment. I end this paragraph with "My tears are coming again", which adds more The touching power of the back figure.

A touch of sadness can be seen here. Teenagers are what we now call “youth.”

My father went out to make a living and traveled here and there. As a result, the situation at home was still "worsening day by day" and "the old country was so decadent!" According to the author in the article "The History of Laughter": At that time, the family was in debt. Tired and tired, "even the interest cannot be paid on time, so no one is willing to borrow; moreover, they all come to ask for interest and capital." From this, we can see the sad situation of the small property owners who were squeezed by Chinese and foreign reactionaries at that time and could not avoid bankruptcy despite repeated struggles.

"But after not seeing each other for the past two years, he finally forgot about my faults. He just missed me and my son."

These sentences echo the beginning, the father and son. Although we are separated by thousands of miles of mountains and rivers, we have a common understanding. Especially the father, not only thinking about his son, but also thinking about his grandson.

After reading this, we understand the full purpose of my father’s love for “me” in every possible way. In the past two years, in addition to human nature, the ruthless pressure and suffering that society has given him is also a very important factor in my father's love for "me". When his father was in poverty and straitened circumstances, he looked back on the ups and downs of his life. He found out that his well-off family, which could still be "independently supported", became "worse than ever" and even went bankrupt as time went by. This is a living story. Textbook! After learning from the pain, I neither dare to look back on the past nor look forward to the future.

Where is the hope? Where is the light? The father, who has experienced the pain of life and witnessed the desolation of the world, has no choice but to rely on his children and grandchildren to get ahead and place high hopes on the future.

The third time my son cried, it was tears of sadness.

The article ends with the father's "back" reappearing in the crystal tears, echoing the loop at the beginning of the article, further highlighting the deep impression left by the father's "back" on "me", expressing the author's The endless longing for my elderly father is written in a poignant and touching way.

The whole text is concluded with lingering sounds and lasting love.

It is very plain, even too simple, but when you taste it carefully, you feel that there is truth in the simplicity, and there is a touching power in it. Mr. Zhu Dexi said that Zhu Ziqing's prose "sees magic in the ordinary", which we can see from the description in "Back View".

The core of line drawing is "truth"; in fact, truth is the essential characteristic of Zhu Ziqing's prose art. Now when analyzing prose, it is good to often analyze its artistic conception. But "Back" cannot be analyzed in this way. In 1947, when the editor of "Literary Knowledge" asked Zhu Ziqing this question, he replied:

I wrote "Back View" because of the words in his father's letter quoted in the article. sentence. When I read my father's letter, I burst into tears. The many good things my father did to me, especially the one narrated in "Back", are the same when I think of them as they are in front of me. My article is just realistic, and it seems that it cannot describe the artistic conception. ("Literary Knowledge" Series, Episode 1, Part 3)

These few words of the author not only tell us the opportunity for writing "Back View", but also show that this prose is completely realistic. Go to the artistic conception. The use of line drawings to express the author's true feelings is the reason for the success of this article.

Zhu Ziqing's love for his father, his nostalgia and gratitude for his father are all reflected in specific narratives and descriptions. This feeling is sincere, strong, and well-expressed. The deep love between father and son is so touchingly written by the author, arousing readers' excitement. This is probably the reason why "Back View" will not be forgotten for a long time. When we analyze "Back View", we don't need to explore its artistic conception and so on. We can grasp the truth of the content and the sincerity of the emotions, and then we can have a deep understanding of the benefits of this article. The word "true" is the key to grasp the whole story