Safe drug use of flowers

First, observe the rules for the safe use of pesticides.

In flower planting, banned pesticides include methamidophos, methyl parathion, parathion, monocrotophos, ammonium phosphate, bhc, DDT, toxaphene, dibromochloropropane, chlordimeform, dibromoethane, herbicide, aldrin, dieldrin, mercury preparation, arsenic, lead, dichlorvos, fluoroacetamide, phos and tetramine.

Second, take safety protection measures

The applicator must take prescribed safety protection measures to prevent poisoning. The rest of the liquid medicine and the cleaning liquid of the applicator should be treated safely, and it is not allowed to be spilled at will. Empty containers are not allowed to be reused. Empty containers should be properly collected and disposed of, marked as safe storage or centralized treatment.

Abandoned and expired pesticides must be disposed of according to the relevant provisions of the state, and cannot be discarded casually, so as not to cause phytotoxicity to flowers or poisoning to people and animals.

Third, planting scientifically and reducing drug use.

Through farming measures, some pests and diseases can be eliminated, and conditions that are not conducive to the occurrence of pests and diseases can be formed. At the same time, it is necessary to improve the ability of flowers to resist pests and diseases, such as garden cleaning, treatment of sick and disabled people, reducing the source of pests and diseases, rational close planting, increasing ventilation and light transmission in greenhouse, timely removing waterlogging, reducing field humidity, scientifically formulating fertilizers, etc., so as to make flowers grow healthily and improve their ability to resist pests and diseases.

Fourth, strengthen physical prevention and control.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) biological control

Biological control is also a measure to reduce drug use and avoid drug resistance of flowers.

One is to use bacteria, fungi, viruses or their metabolites that can cause the disease and death of pests to control pests. Usually, the harmful microorganisms of pests are artificially cultivated, then made into powder and sprayed to kill pests. For example, Bacillus thuringiensis in bacterial preparations is extremely toxic to the larvae of LEPIDOPTERA insects and has excellent killing effect. The experimental results show that the effect of killing insects with fungi is also very good. If Beauveria bassiana parasitizes insects and snails such as Lepidoptera and Coleoptera, it can kill pests very effectively. Trichophyton chrysosporium is highly pathogenic to whitefly. Great progress has also been made in the research and application of using viruses to control insects, and nuclear polyhedrosis virus is the most widely used one. Insect virus has strong specialization, strong pathogenicity and lasting effect. In practical application, virus preparations are often made into aqua, platinum agent, wettable powder and so on. , sprayed or applied to the soil to control pests.

Secondly, the growth, development and even death of pathogenic microorganisms in flowers are inhibited by antagonism between microorganisms and metabolites of some microorganisms. This substance is an antibiotic. For example, the flower bacterial fertilizer code 5406 can control some fungal diseases, bacterial diseases and mosaic virus diseases of flowers.

The third is to control pests by using the biological chain, food chain relationship or parasitic relationship in nature. For example, using solar bees to control cotton aphids; Use dragonflies and mantises to prey on pests and so on.

The effective components in plant immunity and plant juice can also be used to control pests and diseases. For example, the aqueous solution of garlic juice can prevent and control many kinds of germs. Using plant physiological active substances to control pests and diseases is a hot research topic at home and abroad, and it is one of the most promising methods. In addition, using bioengineering methods to control pests and diseases is also a new development trend, such as transgenic technology.

Sixth, prescribe the right medicine.

The prevention and control of flower diseases and insect pests should first understand the causes, infection cycle and ecological environment of diseases and insect pests, and master the laws of time, place and scope of their occurrence, so as to prescribe the right medicine.

1. The middle part of the upper leaves of plants burned by non-communicable diseases drugs (1) is reddish, but there is no mildew in the affected area after the rain. (2) Water damage will lead to rotten roots and easy lodging. The leaf edge of frost-damaged seedlings was first scorched and wrinkled, and there was no mildew in the affected area after rain, and the stem skin was damaged. (3) The upper and middle leaves are wrinkled and drooping due to drought. (4) Pollution causes the leaves to be dirty and easy to wipe. Fertilization leads to bud withering and stagnation. (5) The plant grows slowly, the leaves are deformed and dull, and the leaves fall off from bottom to top along the stem.

The importance of flower safety in summer lies in sun protection and temperature control.

Temperature is the key factor affecting the growth of flowers. Strong light or high temperature can easily cause flowers to be burned and affect their growth. In order to make flowers spend the summer safely, the following measures should be taken: shading and temperature control.

In the hot summer from July to September, cover the flowers in the flower garden with a sunshade net or move the flowerpot to a shady shed or shade, and keep transparent scattered light conditions to prevent direct sunlight.

Spray water to cool down

Temperature is not only affected by light, but also closely related to the change of water. Water absorbs heat, and spraying water can also reduce the temperature. Drought and water shortage in high temperature period in summer and autumn are easy to cause dehydration of plant cells, leading to plant withering and even death. Therefore, in the period of high temperature and drought, irrigation and watering should be strengthened in time. You can also spray water on the ground around plants, pad wet grass or spray it on leaves to improve the humidity of soil and air and reduce the temperature.

Hormone thermoregulation

Spraying 750ppm paclobutrazol, 150ppm fresh green pigment or 1500 ppm ~ 2000 ppm B9 and 0. 1% ~ 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate at high temperature can inhibit plant growth, promote the maturity of branches and leaves and enhance stress resistance. Combining watering with aspirin? Point 1 kg water dissolution 1 tablet? Snow can promote the closure of leaf stomata, reduce the transpiration loss of leaf water and avoid high temperature burns.

Extraroot fertilization

Flower root fertilization, also known as foliar fertilizer, is a fertilization method in which diluted chemical fertilizer, trace elements or hormones are sprayed on flower leaves and absorbed and utilized by flowers through the stomata of the leaves. (1) Ornamental flowers such as chrysanthemum, violet, rose, rose, etc., after spraying efficient humic acid liquid fertilizer, the leaves are dark green and the flowers are large and gorgeous, which can be opened in advance; ② After the bulbous flowers such as gladiolus and lily were sprayed with 1% calcium superphosphate solution or 0.4% whole ear, the chlorophyll content in leaves increased, the plants grew vigorously, and the bulbs were large and full. (3) After spraying 0.5% calcium superphosphate, 0. 1% urea solution or 0.2% Suimanfeng and other humic acid liquid fertilizers on biennial flowers such as Salvia splendens and Celosia cristata. The leaves of the seedlings are pure in color and grow healthily; (4) Spraying 0.5% calcium superphosphate, 0. 1% urea or 0.2% humic acid liquid fertilizer, such as Chunquan 883, can promote the formation of root system; ⑤ The commonly used fertilizers and their concentrations are: urea is a neutral fertilizer with high nitrogen content, and the spraying concentration is generally less than 0. 1%, the spraying concentration of calcium superphosphate is generally 1% ~ 3%, and the spraying concentration of ferrous silicate is generally 0.2% ~ 0.5%.

How to spend the winter safely on balcony flowers in winter

The population density of modern cities is increasing, and multi-storey and high-rise buildings with complete functions have created a comfortable living environment for people. According to local conditions, using the balcony to raise flowers can give people a beautiful enjoyment. Moreover, the balcony flowers along the street directly constitute a landscape of the city, which is conducive to weakening the sound, preventing pollution, increasing the interest of life, purifying and beautifying the city and so on.

There are two kinds of modern residential balconies: one is closed when it is built, such as most high-rise buildings and a few multi-storey buildings. The other is not closed, such as most multi-storey buildings or open balconies. Winter is coming, how can balcony flowers spend the winter safely? Today, Xi 'an Flower Network will share some common sense of flower winter conservation for open balcony and closed balcony:

Cold protection of flowers in closed balcony

In winter, the closed balcony can play the role of greenhouse, which has a certain effect of heat preservation and heating. Some temperate flowers can't survive the winter safely outdoors, but the tomb won't be frozen on the closed balcony. Therefore, such as asparagus, begonia, Clivia, begonia, epiphyllum, rhododendron, cyclamen, chlorophytum, Michelia, cycads and some foliage plants. , you can safely overwinter in a closed balcony.

Cold protection of flowers on open-air balcony

The open balcony has the advantages of fast air circulation, large evaporation and low air relative humidity. In winter, due to the northerly wind and strong wind, even the local flower varieties that can usually overwinter in the open balcony, whether in the north balcony or Nanyang terrace, still need proper cold protection, especially in the area north of the Yangtze River. Nanyang Terraces in multi-storey buildings are mostly open. Because of its leeward facing the sun, the frost damage or cold damage of flowers is far less prominent and serious than that of the north balcony, so flowers are generally placed in Nanyang terrace for wintering in winter.

Some cold-resistant flowers, such as osmanthus fragrans, Bambusa australis, Michelia, Gardenia, Shouxing Peach, Yingchun, Chimonanthus praecox, Begonia, Osmanthus fragrans, Pomegranate, Plum Blossom, Peony, Kumquat and so on, can survive the winter safely in Nanyang Station with a little management. And herbs and perennial plants, such as chrysanthemum, tuberose, tulip, orchid, canna, Zhu Dinghong, etc. However, the outdoor balcony is windy, the air humidity is low, and the basin soil is extremely dry, so the selected flower varieties should adapt to this environment and resist drought and low temperature. Pay close attention to the dry and wet changes of the soil in the basin. It is not good to water too often or not at all.

Some dormant varieties can be watered less, some evergreen varieties can be watered more, and water can be sprayed on the leaves often. Bulbs, bulbs and perennial flowers are drought-tolerant and can be watered less, such as Zhu Dinghong, tulip, canna, iris, white pineapple, tuberose, peony, reincarnation, evergreen, carnation and chrysanthemum. However, in case of cold wave, preventive measures should be taken. You can temporarily build a simple thermal insulation frame on the balcony and cover it with plastic film. In the area north of the Yangtze River, double-layer plastic film can be used. You can also use plastic film to green the whole potted flower to achieve the effect of heat preservation and cold protection. In addition, some warm-loving flowers can be temporarily moved indoors to prevent freezing injury.

Flower inspection

The words "flower" and "plant" have their own meanings since ancient times. Putting them together began in the Tang Dynasty. In the Southern History written by li yanshou during the Zhenguan period (describing the history of Chen Liang in Song and Qi Dynasties), there is a biography of Xu Mian, in which there is a saying: gather stones, move fruits, mix flowers for entertainment and rest, and support with spirit. This is the earliest example of flowers and plants together in ancient books, which has been 1200 years. Before that, Chinese characters appeared in ancient books as Chinese characters. Books before the Northern and Southern Dynasties, such as The Five Classics, Zhuzi Shu, Chu Ci, etc. Are based on China flowers. Traditionally, flowers refer to the flowers of a plant, such as Chimonanthus praecox, which is called Chimonanthus praecox and Jasmine, which is called Jasmine. Sometimes used to replace the name of a plant, such as plum blossom and camellia, has been used as the name of this plant. As mentioned in the article Inflorescence written by Ouyang Xiu in Song Dynasty, Luoyang is famous for its rich peony, which is called peony flower for short. It can be seen that the meaning of Huazi is quite extensive.

As for Hui, it is the general name of grass, and the cursive word written in ancient times is rice. When many grasses were together, the ancients created the hieroglyphic rice, which was later simplified to the present benefit. As early as Xiaoya's The Book of Songs, there were poems such as "Flowers are blooming and flowers are blooming", which actually refer to herbs.

About 80 years ago, the word "flower gardening" was introduced to China from Japan, and it has been used today, and it has become a special term in horticultural science. In recent years, the meaning of flowers has jumped out of the box of herbaceous plants and extended to woody plants. As Professor Zhang Shouyu, a veteran florist, pointed out in the preface of the book Flower Horticulture (published by Shenyang Agricultural College, 196 1), flowers in a broad sense also include some woody plants.